{"id":100021,"date":"2026-02-15T20:06:28","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100021"},"modified":"2026-02-15T20:06:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:06:28","slug":"bearing-load","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/calculators\/bearing-load\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09ac\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 L10 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09b0 (ISO 281)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Bearing L10 Life Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"Bearing Life Calculator\",\"ISO 281 Calculator\",\"L10 Life Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Free online engineering calculator for bearing basic rating life L10 per ISO 281. Supports ball and roller bearings with metric and imperial units.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-load-life-l10\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-14\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Ball and roller bearing support\",\"Metric and Imperial units\",\"Life in hours, revolutions, and years\",\"C\/P ratio calculation\",\"Auto-calculation on input change\",\"URL parameter sharing\",\"Calculation history\"],\"keywords\":\"bearing life, L10, ISO 281, dynamic load rating, bearing hours, ball bearing, roller bearing\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is L10 bearing life?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L10 life is the basic rating life defined by ISO 281 \u2014 the number of revolutions (or hours at a given speed) that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue damage appears. In other words, there is a 10% probability of failure before L10 is reached.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between L10 and L10a (adjusted) life?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L10 is the basic rating life based solely on the load ratio (C\/P) and the life exponent. L10a (or Lna per ISO 281) is the modified rating life that includes additional factors: a1 for reliability other than 90%, and aISO for lubrication, contamination, and fatigue load limit. L10a = a1 \u00d7 aISO \u00d7 L10. This calculator computes the basic L10 life.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is the life exponent different for ball and roller bearings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The life exponent p reflects the contact geometry. Ball bearings have point contact (elliptical contact area), giving p = 3. Roller bearings have line contact (rectangular contact area), giving p = 10\/3 \u2248 3.333. The higher exponent for rollers means their life is more sensitive to load changes. These values are established in ISO 281.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I determine the equivalent dynamic bearing load P?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The equivalent dynamic load P combines radial (Fr) and axial (Fa) forces into a single value that would give the same bearing life. For radial bearings: P = X\u00b7Fr + Y\u00b7Fa, where X and Y are factors from the bearing catalog depending on the contact angle and Fa\/Fr ratio. For purely radial loads, P = Fr. Always consult the bearing manufacturer's catalog for exact X and Y values.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is a good L10h value for bearings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Acceptable L10h depends on the application. General guidelines: 3,000\u20135,000 hours for household appliances; 10,000\u201325,000 hours for general industrial machinery running 8 hours\/day; 40,000\u201360,000 hours for continuous 24\/7 operation; 100,000+ hours for critical infrastructure like power plants. Machine designers typically aim for 20,000 hours minimum for standard industrial equipment.\"}}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Bearing L10 Life Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-load-life-l10\/\"}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300;0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;0,9..40,700;1,9..40,400&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&#038;family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,700;9..144,800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\n\n<style>\n:root {\n    --vc-bg: #f4f1ec;\n    --vc-surface: #ffffff;\n    --vc-surface-alt: #f8f6f2;\n    --vc-ink: #1a1a1a;\n    --vc-ink-secondary: #5a5650;\n    --vc-ink-muted: #8a857e;\n    --vc-accent: #c85a2a;\n    --vc-accent-hover: #b04d22;\n    --vc-accent-light: #fdf0ea;\n    --vc-blue: #2a5c8c;\n    --vc-blue-light: #eaf1f8;\n    --vc-green: #2a7a4b;\n    --vc-green-light: #eaf8ef;\n    --vc-yellow: #a67c00;\n    --vc-yellow-light: #fef9e8;\n    --vc-red: #b91c1c;\n    --vc-red-light: #fef2f2;\n    --vc-border: #d9d4cc;\n    --vc-border-light: #e8e4dd;\n    --vc-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(26,26,26,0.06), 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.04);\n    --vc-shadow-lg: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.08), 0 16px 40px rgba(26,26,26,0.06);\n    --vc-radius: 8px;\n    --vc-radius-lg: 12px;\n    --vc-font: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\n    --vc-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Consolas', 'Monaco', monospace;\n    --vc-display: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;\n}\n\n.vc-calculator {\n    font-family: var(--vc-font);\n    font-size: 15px;\n    line-height: 1.65;\n    color: var(--vc-ink);\n    max-width: 960px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 20px 16px 40px;\n    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n}\n.vc-calculator *, .vc-calculator *::before, .vc-calculator *::after { box-sizing: border-box; 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}\n    .vc-copy-btn, .vc-section-chevron, .vc-faq-chevron, .vc-presets, .vc-promo { display:none!important; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-bearing-life\">\n\n<!-- Header -->\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Bearing L10 Life Calculator<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate bearing basic rating life L10 per ISO 281. Enter the dynamic load rating C, equivalent dynamic load P, bearing type, and rotational speed.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">ISO 281<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Ball &amp; Roller<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">L10 \/ L10h<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<!-- Calculator Card -->\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <div class=\"vc-unit-bar\">\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn vc-active\" data-system=\"metric\">Metric (kN)<\/button>\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn\" data-system=\"imperial\">Imperial (lbf)<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-loadC\">Dynamic Load Rating, C <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-loadC-unit\">(kN)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-loadC\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.001\" placeholder=\"e.g. 42.3\" value=\"42.3\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-loadP\">Equivalent Dynamic Load, P <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-loadP-unit\">(kN)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-loadP\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.001\" placeholder=\"e.g. 8.5\" value=\"8.5\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-bearingType\">Bearing Type<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-bearingType\">\n                    <option value=\"ball\">Ball bearing (p = 3)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"roller\">Roller bearing (p = 10\/3)<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-speed\">Rotational Speed <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-speed\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1500\" value=\"1500\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Presets -->\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"14.8\" data-p=\"3\" data-n=\"1500\" data-t=\"ball\">6205 Ball (C=14.8, P=3, 1500 RPM)<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"61.8\" data-p=\"10\" data-n=\"3000\" data-t=\"ball\">6310 Ball (C=61.8, P=10, 3000 RPM)<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"88\" data-p=\"15\" data-n=\"1500\" data-t=\"roller\">NU210 Roller (C=88, P=15, 1500 RPM)<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <!-- Results -->\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\n                Copy\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Basic Rating Life L\u2081\u2080\u2095<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10h\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">L\u2081\u2080 (millions of revolutions)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10rev\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">L\u2081\u2080 (years, 24\/7 operation)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10yr\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">C\/P Ratio<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-cpratio\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Life Exponent p<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-exponent\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Theory & Reference -->\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>Basic Rating Life (ISO 281)<\/h3>\n            <p>The basic rating life in revolutions:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n            <p>The basic rating life in hours:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>C<\/strong> \u2014 basic dynamic load rating (kN) from bearing catalog<\/li>\n                <li><strong>P<\/strong> \u2014 equivalent dynamic bearing load (kN)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>n<\/strong> \u2014 rotational speed (RPM)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>p<\/strong> \u2014 life exponent: <strong>p = 3<\/strong> for ball bearings, <strong>p = 10\/3<\/strong> for roller bearings<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-3\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Typical Bearing Life Guidelines<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>Required L\u2081\u2080\u2095 (hours)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>Household appliances<\/td><td>3,000 \u2013 5,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Electric hand tools<\/td><td>1,000 \u2013 2,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Agricultural machinery<\/td><td>3,000 \u2013 6,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Conveyor rollers<\/td><td>20,000 \u2013 30,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>General gearboxes<\/td><td>10,000 \u2013 30,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Electric motors (general)<\/td><td>20,000 \u2013 40,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Pumps, compressors<\/td><td>40,000 \u2013 60,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Critical \/ continuous 24\/7<\/td><td>100,000 \u2013 200,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Example \u2014 6308 Deep Groove Ball Bearing<\/div>\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> C = 42.3 kN, P = 8.5 kN, Speed = 1500 RPM, Ball bearing (p = 3)<\/p>\n                <p>C\/P = 42.3 \/ 8.5 = 4.976<\/p>\n                <p>L\u2081\u2080 = (4.976)\u00b3 \u00d7 10\u2076 = 123.23 \u00d7 10\u2076 = <strong>123,230,000 rev<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>L\u2081\u2080\u2095 = 123,230,000 \/ (60 \u00d7 1500) = <strong>1,369 hours<\/strong><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"vc-info-box\">\n                <p><strong>\u2139\ufe0f Note:<\/strong> This calculator computes the basic L\u2081\u2080 life. For modified life L\u2081\u2080\u2090 (including lubrication, contamination, and fatigue load limit factors), multiply by a\u2081 \u00d7 a_ISO per ISO 281.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Related Calculators -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/natural-frequency\/\">Natural Frequency (Mass-Spring)<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bolt-tightening-torque\/\">Bolt Tightening Torque<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/residual-unbalance-iso1940\/\">Residual Unbalance (ISO 1940)<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/vibration-velocity\/\">Vibration Velocity (ISO 10816)<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Promo -->\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Vibration Diagnostics &amp; Balancing Equipment<\/strong><br>\n        Professional portable balancers, vibration analyzers, and condition monitoring systems. Extend bearing life through precision balancing. Used in 50+ countries.\n    <\/div>\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Footer -->\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Based on ISO 281. Last updated: February 2025<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\n        <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All 252 Calculators<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function() {\n    'use strict';\n\n    var SLUG = 'bearing-load-life-l10';\n    var unitSystem = 'metric';\n    var KN2LBF = 224.809;\n\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\n    function fmt(n, d) { if(isNaN(n)) return '\u2014'; var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,''); }\n    function formatNum(n) {\n        if(n>=1e6) return (n\/1e6).toFixed(2)+'M';\n        if(n>=1e4) return Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US');\n        if(n>=100) return Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US');\n        if(n>=10) return n.toFixed(1);\n        if(n>=1) return n.toFixed(2);\n        return n.toFixed(3);\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 CALCULATION \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function calculate() {\n        var cVal = parseFloat($('vc-loadC').value);\n        var pVal = parseFloat($('vc-loadP').value);\n        var speed = parseFloat($('vc-speed').value);\n        var type = $('vc-bearingType').value;\n\n        if (!cVal || cVal <= 0 || !pVal || pVal <= 0 || !speed || speed <= 0) {\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\n            return;\n        }\n\n        \/* Convert to kN if imperial *\/\n        var cKN = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? cVal \/ KN2LBF : cVal;\n        var pKN = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? pVal \/ KN2LBF : pVal;\n\n        if (pKN >= cKN) {\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var p = (type === 'ball') ? 3 : (10\/3);\n        var cpRatio = cKN \/ pKN;\n        var L10rev = Math.pow(cpRatio, p) * 1e6; \/* revolutions *\/\n        var L10h = L10rev \/ (60 * speed); \/* hours *\/\n        var L10yr = L10h \/ (365.25 * 24); \/* years 24\/7 *\/\n        var L10Mrev = L10rev \/ 1e6; \/* millions of revolutions *\/\n\n        \/* Display *\/\n        $('vc-r-l10h').innerHTML = formatNum(L10h) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">hours<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-l10rev').innerHTML = L10Mrev.toFixed(2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">Mrev<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-l10yr').innerHTML = L10yr.toFixed(2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">years<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-cpratio').innerHTML = cpRatio.toFixed(3);\n        $('vc-r-exponent').innerHTML = (type === 'ball') ? 'p = 3 <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">(ball)<\/span>' : 'p = 10\/3 \u2248 3.333 <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">(roller)<\/span>';\n\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n        \/* URL params *\/\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\n        u.searchParams.set('loadC', $('vc-loadC').value);\n        u.searchParams.set('loadP', $('vc-loadP').value);\n        u.searchParams.set('speed', speed);\n        u.searchParams.set('bearingType', type);\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\n\n        \/* History *\/\n        var forceUnit = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'lbf' : 'kN';\n        saveHistory({\n            loadC: $('vc-loadC').value,\n            loadP: $('vc-loadP').value,\n            speed: speed,\n            bearingType: type,\n            _summary: 'C=' + $('vc-loadC').value + ' ' + forceUnit + ', P=' + $('vc-loadP').value + ' ' + forceUnit + ', n=' + speed + ' RPM \u2192 L10h=' + formatNum(L10h) + ' h'\n        });\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 UNIT TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var unitBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.vc-unit-btn');\n    unitBtns.forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.remove('vc-active'); });\n            this.classList.add('vc-active');\n            unitSystem = this.getAttribute('data-system');\n            $('vc-loadC-unit').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lbf)' : '(kN)';\n            $('vc-loadP-unit').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lbf)' : '(kN)';\n            try { localStorage.setItem('vc_units', unitSystem); } catch(e) {}\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 PRESETS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            var c = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-c'));\n            var p = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-p'));\n            $('vc-loadC').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? fmt(c * KN2LBF, 1) : c;\n            $('vc-loadP').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? fmt(p * KN2LBF, 1) : p;\n            $('vc-speed').value = this.getAttribute('data-n');\n            $('vc-bearingType').value = this.getAttribute('data-t');\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 AUTO-CALCULATE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COPY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\n        var forceUnit = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'lbf' : 'kN';\n        var text = 'Bearing L10 Life Calculation (ISO 281)\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'Dynamic Load Rating C: ' + $('vc-loadC').value + ' ' + forceUnit + '\\n' +\n            'Equivalent Load P: ' + $('vc-loadP').value + ' ' + forceUnit + '\\n' +\n            'Speed: ' + $('vc-speed').value + ' RPM\\n' +\n            'Bearing Type: ' + $('vc-bearingType').value + '\\n' +\n            'L10h: ' + $('vc-r-l10h').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'L10 (Mrev): ' + $('vc-r-l10rev').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'C\/P Ratio: ' + $('vc-r-cpratio').textContent + '\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-load-life-l10\/';\n\n        if (navigator.clipboard) {\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function() {\n                var btn = $('vc-copy-btn');\n                btn.classList.add('vc-copied');\n                btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\n                setTimeout(function() {\n                    btn.classList.remove('vc-copied');\n                    btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';\n                }, 2000);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            var section = this.closest('.vc-section');\n            var isOpen = section.classList.contains('vc-open');\n            section.classList.toggle('vc-open');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isOpen);\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var faqData = [\n        { q: 'What is L10 bearing life?', a: '<p>L10 life is the basic rating life defined by ISO 281 \u2014 the number of revolutions (or hours at a given speed) that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue damage appears. In other words, there is a 10% probability of failure before L10 is reached.<\/p><p>It is the industry-standard metric for comparing and selecting bearings.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What is the difference between L10 and L10a (adjusted) life?', a: '<p>L10 is the basic rating life based solely on the load ratio (C\/P) and the life exponent. L10a (or Lna per ISO 281) is the modified rating life that includes additional factors:<\/p><ul><li><strong>a\u2081<\/strong> \u2014 reliability factor (for reliability other than 90%)<\/li><li><strong>a_ISO<\/strong> \u2014 factor for lubrication, contamination, and fatigue load limit<\/li><\/ul><p>The formula becomes: L\u2081\u2080\u2090 = a\u2081 \u00d7 a_ISO \u00d7 L\u2081\u2080. This calculator computes the basic L10 life.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'Why is the life exponent different for ball and roller bearings?', a: '<p>The life exponent p reflects the contact geometry between rolling elements and raceways. Ball bearings have point contact (small elliptical contact area), giving p = 3. Roller bearings have line contact (rectangular contact area), giving p = 10\/3 \u2248 3.333.<\/p><p>The higher exponent for rollers means their life is more sensitive to load changes \u2014 a small load increase causes a proportionally larger reduction in life compared to ball bearings.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'How do I determine the equivalent dynamic bearing load P?', a: '<p>The equivalent dynamic load P combines radial (F_r) and axial (F_a) forces into a single value that gives the same bearing life as the actual combined loading.<\/p><p>For radial bearings: P = X\u00b7F_r + Y\u00b7F_a, where X and Y are factors from the bearing catalog depending on the contact angle and the F_a\/F_r ratio.<\/p><p>For purely radial loads with no axial component, P = F_r. Always consult the bearing manufacturer\\'s catalog for exact X and Y values.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What is a good L10h value for bearings?', a: '<p>Acceptable L10h depends on the application and how critical the equipment is:<\/p><ul><li><strong>3,000\u20135,000 h<\/strong> \u2014 household appliances<\/li><li><strong>10,000\u201325,000 h<\/strong> \u2014 general industrial machinery (8 h\/day)<\/li><li><strong>40,000\u201360,000 h<\/strong> \u2014 continuous 24\/7 operation (pumps, compressors)<\/li><li><strong>100,000+ h<\/strong> \u2014 critical infrastructure (power plants)<\/li><\/ul><p>Machine designers typically aim for at least 20,000 hours for standard industrial equipment.<\/p>' }\n    ];\n\n    var faqList = $('vc-faq-list');\n    faqData.forEach(function(faq) {\n        faqList.innerHTML += '<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>' + faq.q + '<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">' + faq.a + '<\/div><\/div><\/div>';\n    });\n    faqList.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n        var btn = e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');\n        if (!btn) return;\n        btn.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 HISTORY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function saveHistory(entry) {\n        var key = 'vc_history_' + SLUG;\n        var arr = [];\n        try { arr = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key)) || []; } catch(e) {}\n        entry._ts = new Date().toISOString();\n        arr.unshift(entry);\n        if (arr.length > 10) arr = arr.slice(0, 10);\n        try { localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(arr)); } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 URL PARAMS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function loadParams() {\n        var p = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n        p.forEach(function(v, k) {\n            var el = $(k) || $('vc-' + k);\n            if (el) el.value = v;\n        });\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 KATEX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function renderFormulas() {\n        try {\n            katex.render('L_{10} = \\\\left(\\\\frac{C}{P}\\\\right)^p \\\\times 10^6 \\\\quad [\\\\text{rev}]', $('vc-katex-1'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('L_{10h} = \\\\frac{L_{10}}{60 \\\\times n} \\\\quad [\\\\text{hours}]', $('vc-katex-2'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('p = 3 \\\\text{ (ball bearings)}, \\\\quad p = \\\\tfrac{10}{3} \\\\text{ (roller bearings)}', $('vc-katex-3'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n        } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 INIT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function init() {\n        try {\n            var saved = localStorage.getItem('vc_units');\n            if (saved === 'imperial') {\n                unitSystem = 'imperial';\n                unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-system') === 'imperial'); });\n                $('vc-loadC-unit').textContent = '(lbf)';\n                $('vc-loadP-unit').textContent = '(lbf)';\n            }\n        } catch(e) {}\n\n        loadParams();\n        renderFormulas();\n        calculate();\n    }\n\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\n    } else {\n        init();\n    }\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0986\u0987\u098f\u09b8\u0993 \u09e8\u09ee\u09e7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09ab \u098f\u09b2\u09e7\u09e6 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1 \u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09b8\u09bf, \u09b8\u09ae\u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1 \u09aa\u09bf, \u09ac\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09ac\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100021","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100334,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100021\/revisions\/100334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}