{"id":100048,"date":"2026-02-15T20:09:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100048"},"modified":"2026-02-15T20:09:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:09:16","slug":"cable-cross-section","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/calculators\/cable-cross-section\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8-\u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09b0 | \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4 \u0993 \u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0 | \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u099f\u09c1\u09b2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Cable Cross-Section Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"Wire Size Calculator\",\"Cable Sizing Calculator\",\"Voltage Drop Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Free online engineering calculator to determine the required cable cross-section (mm\u00b2) based on current, cable length, voltage, and allowable voltage drop. Supports copper and aluminum conductors with standard cable sizes and AWG equivalents.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/cable-cross-section\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-14\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Copper and aluminum conductors\",\"Single-phase, three-phase, and DC systems\",\"Standard cable sizes IEC 60228\",\"AWG equivalent lookup\",\"Voltage drop calculation\",\"Auto-calculation on input change\",\"URL parameter sharing\",\"Calculation history\"],\"keywords\":\"cable cross-section, wire size, voltage drop, copper, aluminum, AWG, mm\u00b2, cable sizing\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How to calculate cable cross-section size?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Cable cross-section is calculated using A = (k \u00d7 \u03c1 \u00d7 I \u00d7 L) \/ V_drop, where k is a system factor (2 for single-phase\/DC, \u221a3 for three-phase), \u03c1 is conductor resistivity, I is current in amps, L is one-way cable length in meters, and V_drop is the allowable voltage drop in volts.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is voltage drop important in cable sizing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Excessive voltage drop causes equipment to receive less than rated voltage, leading to poor performance, overheating of motors, dimming of lights, and potential equipment damage. Most standards recommend limiting voltage drop to 3-5% of supply voltage.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between copper and aluminum cables?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Copper has lower resistivity (0.0175 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m) than aluminum (0.0283 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m), meaning copper cables can carry the same current with a smaller cross-section. However, aluminum is lighter and cheaper. Aluminum requires about 1.6\u00d7 the cross-section of copper for the same current capacity.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are standard cable sizes?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Standard cable cross-sections per IEC 60228 are: 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 35, 50, 70, 95, 120, 150, 185, 240, and 300 mm\u00b2. The calculated cross-section should always be rounded up to the next standard size.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How to convert AWG to mm\u00b2?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Common conversions: 14 AWG \u2248 2.08 mm\u00b2, 12 AWG \u2248 3.31 mm\u00b2, 10 AWG \u2248 5.26 mm\u00b2, 8 AWG \u2248 8.37 mm\u00b2, 6 AWG \u2248 13.3 mm\u00b2, 4 AWG \u2248 21.2 mm\u00b2, 2 AWG \u2248 33.6 mm\u00b2, 1\/0 AWG \u2248 53.5 mm\u00b2, 4\/0 AWG \u2248 107 mm\u00b2.\"}}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Cable Cross-Section Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/cable-cross-section\/\"}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300;0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;0,9..40,700;1,9..40,400&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&#038;family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,700;9..144,800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\n\n<style>\n:root {\n    --vc-bg: #f4f1ec;\n    --vc-surface: #ffffff;\n    --vc-surface-alt: #f8f6f2;\n    --vc-ink: #1a1a1a;\n    --vc-ink-secondary: #5a5650;\n    --vc-ink-muted: #8a857e;\n    --vc-accent: #c85a2a;\n    --vc-accent-hover: #b04d22;\n    --vc-accent-light: #fdf0ea;\n    --vc-blue: #2a5c8c;\n    --vc-blue-light: #eaf1f8;\n    --vc-green: #2a7a4b;\n    --vc-green-light: #eaf8ef;\n    --vc-yellow: #a67c00;\n    --vc-yellow-light: #fef9e8;\n    --vc-red: #b91c1c;\n    --vc-red-light: #fef2f2;\n    --vc-border: #d9d4cc;\n    --vc-border-light: #e8e4dd;\n    --vc-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(26,26,26,0.06), 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.04);\n    --vc-shadow-lg: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.08), 0 16px 40px rgba(26,26,26,0.06);\n    --vc-radius: 8px;\n    --vc-radius-lg: 12px;\n    --vc-font: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\n    --vc-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Consolas', 'Monaco', monospace;\n    --vc-display: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;\n}\n\n.vc-calculator {\n    font-family: var(--vc-font);\n    font-size: 15px;\n    line-height: 1.65;\n    color: var(--vc-ink);\n    max-width: 960px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 20px 16px 40px;\n    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n}\n.vc-calculator *, .vc-calculator *::before, .vc-calculator *::after { box-sizing: border-box; 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font-size:13px; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); }\n.vc-footer a { color:var(--vc-accent); text-decoration:none; }\n.vc-footer a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }\n.vc-footer-links { margin-top:8px; font-size:12px; }\n.vc-footer-links a { margin:0 8px; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 PRINT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n@media print {\n    .vc-section-body { max-height:none!important; }\n    .vc-faq-a { max-height:none!important; }\n    .vc-results { max-height:none!important; padding:24px!important; }\n    .vc-copy-btn, .vc-section-chevron, .vc-faq-chevron, .vc-presets, .vc-promo { display:none!important; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-cable-cross-section\">\n\n<!-- Header -->\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Cable Cross-Section Calculator<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Determine the correct wire size (mm\u00b2) based on current, cable length, voltage, and allowable voltage drop. Round up to nearest standard IEC size automatically.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">IEC 60228<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Cu &amp; Al<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">mm\u00b2 &amp; AWG<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<!-- Calculator Card -->\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-current\">Current <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(A)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-current\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.01\" placeholder=\"e.g. 10\" value=\"10\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-length\">Cable Length <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(m, one-way)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-length\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 30\" value=\"30\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-voltage\">Voltage <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(V)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-voltage\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 230\" value=\"230\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-system\">System Type<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-system\">\n                    <option value=\"1ph\" selected>Single-phase AC<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"3ph\">Three-phase AC<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"dc\">DC<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-maxdrop\">Max Voltage Drop <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(%)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-maxdrop\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.1\" max=\"100\" placeholder=\"e.g. 3\" value=\"3\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-material\">Conductor Material<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-material\">\n                    <option value=\"cu\" selected>Copper (\u03c1 = 0.0175 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"al\">Aluminum (\u03c1 = 0.0283 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m)<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Presets -->\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-i=\"10\" data-l=\"30\" data-v=\"230\" data-sys=\"1ph\" data-mat=\"cu\" data-drop=\"3\">10A 30m 230V 1\u03c6 Cu<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-i=\"50\" data-l=\"100\" data-v=\"400\" data-sys=\"3ph\" data-mat=\"cu\" data-drop=\"3\">50A 100m 400V 3\u03c6 Cu<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-i=\"20\" data-l=\"50\" data-v=\"24\" data-sys=\"dc\" data-mat=\"cu\" data-drop=\"3\">20A 50m 24V DC Cu<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <!-- Results -->\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\n                Copy\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Required Standard Cable Size<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-standard\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Calculated Cross-Section (exact)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-exact\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Actual Voltage Drop (standard size)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-vdrop\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Voltage Drop Percentage<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-vdrop-pct\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">AWG Equivalent<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-awg\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Theory & Reference -->\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>Cable Cross-Section Formula<\/h3>\n            <p>The minimum required conductor cross-section to stay within the allowable voltage drop is:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>k<\/strong> \u2014 system factor: 2 for single-phase AC and DC, \u221a3 for three-phase AC<\/li>\n                <li><strong>\u03c1<\/strong> \u2014 resistivity of conductor (\u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m): Cu = 0.0175, Al = 0.0283<\/li>\n                <li><strong>I<\/strong> \u2014 current (A)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>L<\/strong> \u2014 one-way cable length (m)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>V<sub>drop<\/sub><\/strong> \u2014 allowable voltage drop (V)<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n\n            <h3>Allowable Voltage Drop<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Actual Voltage Drop<\/h3>\n            <p>Once a standard cable size A<sub>std<\/sub> is selected:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-3\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Standard Cable Sizes (IEC 60228)<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>mm\u00b2<\/th><th>AWG (approx.)<\/th><th>mm\u00b2<\/th><th>AWG (approx.)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>0.75<\/td><td>18 AWG<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>4 AWG<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>1.0<\/td><td>17 AWG<\/td><td>35<\/td><td>2 AWG<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>1.5<\/td><td>15 AWG<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>1\/0 AWG<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>2.5<\/td><td>13 AWG<\/td><td>70<\/td><td>2\/0 AWG<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>4<\/td><td>11 AWG<\/td><td>95<\/td><td>3\/0 AWG<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>6<\/td><td>9 AWG<\/td><td>120<\/td><td>4\/0 AWG<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>10<\/td><td>7 AWG<\/td><td>150<\/td><td>300 MCM<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>16<\/td><td>5 AWG<\/td><td>185<\/td><td>350 MCM<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Example \u2014 Single-phase 230V Circuit<\/div>\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> I = 10 A, L = 30 m, V = 230 V, max drop = 3%, copper<\/p>\n                <p>V<sub>drop(allowed)<\/sub> = 230 \u00d7 3\/100 = 6.9 V<\/p>\n                <p>A = 2 \u00d7 0.0175 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 30 \/ 6.9 = <strong>1.52 mm\u00b2<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>Standard size: <strong>2.5 mm\u00b2<\/strong> (rounded up)<\/p>\n                <p>Actual V<sub>drop<\/sub> = 2 \u00d7 0.0175 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 30 \/ 2.5 = 4.2 V = <strong>1.83%<\/strong><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"vc-warning-box\">\n                <p style=\"margin:0;font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);\"><strong>\u26a0\ufe0f Note:<\/strong> This calculator sizes cable based on voltage drop only. Always verify that the selected cable size also meets the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) requirements per local electrical codes (e.g., IEC 60364, NEC).<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Related Calculators -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/ohms-law-calculator\/\">Ohm&#8217;s Law Calculator<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/motor-slip-calculator\/\">Motor Slip Calculator<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/power-factor-correction\/\">Power Factor Calculator<\/a>\n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Promo -->\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>\n        Professional field balancing instruments and software. Used in 50+ countries for industrial maintenance.\n    <\/div>\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Footer -->\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Cable sizing per IEC 60228. Last updated: February 2025<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\n        <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function() {\n    'use strict';\n\n    var SLUG = 'cable-cross-section';\n\n    \/* Standard IEC 60228 cable sizes in mm\u00b2 *\/\n    var STD_SIZES = [0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 35, 50, 70, 95, 120, 150, 185, 240, 300];\n\n    \/* AWG equivalents for standard mm\u00b2 sizes *\/\n    var AWG_MAP = {\n        0.75: '18 AWG', 1.0: '17 AWG', 1.5: '15 AWG', 2.5: '13 AWG',\n        4: '11 AWG', 6: '9 AWG', 10: '7 AWG', 16: '5 AWG',\n        25: '4 AWG', 35: '2 AWG', 50: '1\/0 AWG', 70: '2\/0 AWG',\n        95: '3\/0 AWG', 120: '4\/0 AWG', 150: '300 MCM', 185: '350 MCM',\n        240: '500 MCM', 300: '600 MCM'\n    };\n\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\n    function fmt(n, d) { if(isNaN(n)) return '\u2014'; var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,''); }\n\n    function roundUpToStandard(val) {\n        for (var i = 0; i < STD_SIZES.length; i++) {\n            if (STD_SIZES[i] >= val) return STD_SIZES[i];\n        }\n        return STD_SIZES[STD_SIZES.length - 1]; \/\/ return largest if exceeds\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 CALCULATION \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function calculate() {\n        var I = parseFloat($('vc-current').value);\n        var L = parseFloat($('vc-length').value);\n        var V = parseFloat($('vc-voltage').value);\n        var sys = $('vc-system').value;\n        var maxDrop = parseFloat($('vc-maxdrop').value);\n        var mat = $('vc-material').value;\n\n        if (!I || I <= 0 || !L || L <= 0 || !V || V <= 0 || !maxDrop || maxDrop <= 0) {\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var rho = mat === 'cu' ? 0.0175 : 0.0283;\n        var k = sys === '3ph' ? Math.sqrt(3) : 2;\n        var Vdrop_allowed = V * maxDrop \/ 100;\n\n        \/\/ Calculate exact cross-section\n        var A_exact = (k * rho * I * L) \/ Vdrop_allowed;\n        var A_std = roundUpToStandard(A_exact);\n\n        \/\/ Actual voltage drop with standard size\n        var Vdrop_actual = (k * rho * I * L) \/ A_std;\n        var Vdrop_pct = (Vdrop_actual \/ V) * 100;\n\n        \/\/ AWG equivalent\n        var awg = AWG_MAP[A_std] || '\u2014';\n\n        \/\/ Display\n        $('vc-r-standard').innerHTML = fmt(A_std, A_std < 1 ? 2 : (A_std % 1 === 0 ? 0 : 1)) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">mm\u00b2<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-exact').innerHTML = fmt(A_exact, 2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">mm\u00b2<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-vdrop').innerHTML = fmt(Vdrop_actual, 2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">V<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-vdrop-pct').innerHTML = fmt(Vdrop_pct, 2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">%<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-awg').innerHTML = '\u2248 ' + awg;\n\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n        \/\/ URL params\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\n        u.searchParams.set('current', I);\n        u.searchParams.set('length', L);\n        u.searchParams.set('voltage', V);\n        u.searchParams.set('system', sys);\n        u.searchParams.set('maxdrop', maxDrop);\n        u.searchParams.set('material', mat);\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\n\n        \/\/ History\n        saveHistory({\n            current: I, length: L, voltage: V, system: sys, maxdrop: maxDrop, material: mat,\n            _summary: I + 'A, ' + L + 'm, ' + V + 'V, ' + (sys === '3ph' ? '3\u03c6' : sys === 'dc' ? 'DC' : '1\u03c6') + ', ' + (mat === 'cu' ? 'Cu' : 'Al') + ' \u2192 ' + A_std + ' mm\u00b2'\n        });\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 PRESETS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            $('vc-current').value = this.getAttribute('data-i');\n            $('vc-length').value = this.getAttribute('data-l');\n            $('vc-voltage').value = this.getAttribute('data-v');\n            $('vc-system').value = this.getAttribute('data-sys');\n            $('vc-material').value = this.getAttribute('data-mat');\n            $('vc-maxdrop').value = this.getAttribute('data-drop');\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 AUTO-CALCULATE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COPY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\n        var text = 'Cable Cross-Section Calculation\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'Current: ' + $('vc-current').value + ' A\\n' +\n            'Length: ' + $('vc-length').value + ' m\\n' +\n            'Voltage: ' + $('vc-voltage').value + ' V\\n' +\n            'System: ' + $('vc-system').selectedOptions[0].text + '\\n' +\n            'Material: ' + $('vc-material').selectedOptions[0].text + '\\n' +\n            'Max Drop: ' + $('vc-maxdrop').value + '%\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'Standard Size: ' + $('vc-r-standard').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Exact: ' + $('vc-r-exact').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Actual Drop: ' + $('vc-r-vdrop').textContent + ' (' + $('vc-r-vdrop-pct').textContent + ')\\n' +\n            'AWG: ' + $('vc-r-awg').textContent + '\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'vibromera.eu\/calculators\/cable-cross-section\/';\n\n        if (navigator.clipboard) {\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function() {\n                var btn = $('vc-copy-btn');\n                btn.classList.add('vc-copied');\n                btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\n                setTimeout(function() {\n                    btn.classList.remove('vc-copied');\n                    btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';\n                }, 2000);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            var section = this.closest('.vc-section');\n            var isOpen = section.classList.contains('vc-open');\n            section.classList.toggle('vc-open');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isOpen);\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var faqData = [\n        { q: 'How to calculate cable cross-section size?', a: '<p>Cable cross-section is calculated using the formula: <strong>A = (k \u00d7 \u03c1 \u00d7 I \u00d7 L) \/ V<sub>drop<\/sub><\/strong>, where k is a system factor (2 for single-phase\/DC, \u221a3 for three-phase), \u03c1 is the conductor resistivity, I is current, and L is one-way cable length.<\/p><p>The calculated value should be rounded up to the next standard IEC 60228 size to ensure the actual voltage drop stays within limits.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'Why is it important to limit voltage drop?', a: '<p>Excessive voltage drop causes equipment to receive less than its rated voltage, leading to:<\/p><ul><li>Motor overheating and reduced torque<\/li><li>Dimming or flickering of lights<\/li><li>Malfunction of sensitive electronic equipment<\/li><li>Increased energy losses in the cable<\/li><\/ul><p>Most electrical codes (IEC 60364, NEC) recommend keeping voltage drop below <strong>3\u20135%<\/strong> from the supply point to the load.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'Copper vs aluminum cables \u2014 which to choose?', a: '<p>Copper (\u03c1 = 0.0175 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m) has about 60% lower resistivity than aluminum (\u03c1 = 0.0283 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m), meaning copper cables need smaller cross-sections for the same current. However:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Copper:<\/strong> Better conductivity, smaller size, easier to terminate, longer life<\/li><li><strong>Aluminum:<\/strong> Lighter weight (~30% of copper), significantly cheaper, preferred for large power distribution<\/li><\/ul><p>For the same current capacity, aluminum requires approximately <strong>1.6\u00d7 the cross-section<\/strong> of copper.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What are standard cable sizes?', a: '<p>Standard cable cross-sections per IEC 60228 are:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Small:<\/strong> 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6 mm\u00b2<\/li><li><strong>Medium:<\/strong> 10, 16, 25, 35, 50 mm\u00b2<\/li><li><strong>Large:<\/strong> 70, 95, 120, 150, 185, 240, 300 mm\u00b2<\/li><\/ul><p>Always round up the calculated cross-section to the next standard size \u2014 never round down.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'How to convert AWG to mm\u00b2?', a: '<p>Common AWG to mm\u00b2 conversions:<\/p><ul><li>14 AWG \u2248 2.08 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 2.5 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>12 AWG \u2248 3.31 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 4 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>10 AWG \u2248 5.26 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 6 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>8 AWG \u2248 8.37 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 10 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>6 AWG \u2248 13.3 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 16 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>4 AWG \u2248 21.2 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 25 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>2 AWG \u2248 33.6 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 35 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>1\/0 AWG \u2248 53.5 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 50 mm\u00b2)<\/li><li>4\/0 AWG \u2248 107 mm\u00b2 (closest standard: 120 mm\u00b2)<\/li><\/ul><p>The formula is: mm\u00b2 = 0.012668 \u00d7 92<sup>((36\u2212AWG)\/19.5)<\/sup><\/p>' }\n    ];\n\n    var faqList = $('vc-faq-list');\n    faqData.forEach(function(faq) {\n        faqList.innerHTML += '<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>' + faq.q + '<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">' + faq.a + '<\/div><\/div><\/div>';\n    });\n    faqList.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n        var btn = e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');\n        if (!btn) return;\n        btn.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 HISTORY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function saveHistory(entry) {\n        var key = 'vc_history_' + SLUG;\n        var arr = [];\n        try { arr = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key)) || []; } catch(e) {}\n        entry._ts = new Date().toISOString();\n        arr.unshift(entry);\n        if (arr.length > 10) arr = arr.slice(0, 10);\n        try { localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(arr)); } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 URL PARAMS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function loadParams() {\n        var p = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n        if (p.has('current')) $('vc-current').value = p.get('current');\n        if (p.has('length')) $('vc-length').value = p.get('length');\n        if (p.has('voltage')) $('vc-voltage').value = p.get('voltage');\n        if (p.has('system')) $('vc-system').value = p.get('system');\n        if (p.has('maxdrop')) $('vc-maxdrop').value = p.get('maxdrop');\n        if (p.has('material')) $('vc-material').value = p.get('material');\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 KATEX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function renderFormulas() {\n        try {\n            katex.render('A = \\\\frac{k \\\\times \\\\rho \\\\times I \\\\times L}{V_{drop}} \\\\quad [\\\\text{mm}^2]', $('vc-katex-1'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('V_{drop(allowed)} = V \\\\times \\\\frac{\\\\Delta\\\\%}{100} \\\\quad [\\\\text{V}]', $('vc-katex-2'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('V_{drop(actual)} = \\\\frac{k \\\\times \\\\rho \\\\times I \\\\times L}{A_{std}} \\\\quad [\\\\text{V}]', $('vc-katex-3'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n        } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 INIT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function init() {\n        loadParams();\n        renderFormulas();\n        calculate();\n    }\n\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\n    } else {\n        init();\n    }\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8-\u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09b0\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af, \u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u099c \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09a8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0 (mm\u00b2) \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100048","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100359,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100048\/revisions\/100359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}