{"id":100132,"date":"2026-02-15T20:19:29","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100132"},"modified":"2026-07-12T13:37:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T13:37:01","slug":"hydraulic-cylinder-calculator","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/calculators\/hydraulic-cylinder-calculator\/","title":{"rendered":"Documented Double-Acting Cylinder Force &#038; Speed Calculator"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Documented Double-Acting Cylinder Force and Speed Calculator\",\"description\":\"Calculate ideal double-acting single-rod cylinder areas, signed net forces, speeds, return flows and mechanical powers from documented port pressures and chamber inflows.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/hydraulic-cylinder-calculator\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering 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href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<style>:root{--vc-bg:#f4f1ec;--vc-surface:#fff;--vc-surface-alt:#f8f6f2;--vc-ink:#1a1a1a;--vc-ink-secondary:#5a5650;--vc-ink-muted:#8a857e;--vc-accent:#c85a2a;--vc-accent-hover:#b04d22;--vc-accent-light:#fdf0ea;--vc-blue:#2a5c8c;--vc-blue-light:#eaf1f8;--vc-green:#2a7a4b;--vc-green-light:#eaf8ef;--vc-yellow:#a67c00;--vc-yellow-light:#fef9e8;--vc-border:#d9d4cc;--vc-border-light:#e8e4dd;--vc-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(26,26,26,.06),0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,.04);--vc-radius:8px;--vc-radius-lg:12px;--vc-font:'DM Sans',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;--vc-mono:'JetBrains Mono',Consolas,Monaco,monospace;--vc-display:Fraunces,Georgia,serif}.vc-calculator{font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--vc-ink);max-width:960px;margin:0 auto;padding:20px 16px 40px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.vc-calculator *,.vc-calculator *::before,.vc-calculator 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print{.vc-section-body{max-height:none!important}.vc-faq-a{max-height:none!important}.vc-results{max-height:none!important;padding:24px!important}.vc-copy-btn,.vc-section-chevron,.vc-faq-chevron,.vc-presets,.vc-promo{display:none!important}}.vc-doc-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}.vc-wide{grid-column:1\/-1}.vc-result-note{font-size:13px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);margin:0}@media(max-width:600px){.vc-doc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.vc-wide{grid-column:auto}}.vc-doc-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}.vc-wide{grid-column:1\/-1}.vc-formula-box{font-family:var(--vc-mono);background:var(--vc-surface-alt);border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);border-radius:6px;padding:14px;margin:12px 0;line-height:1.75}.vc-result-note{font-size:13px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);margin:0}.vc-direction{grid-column:1\/-1;margin:8px 0 -4px;font-family:var(--vc-display);font-size:17px;font-weight:700}.vc-signed-negative{color:#b42318}@media(max-width:650px){.vc-doc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.vc-wide,.vc-direction{grid-column:auto}}<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-cylinder\"><header class=\"vc-header\"><p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Two-chamber ideal steady-state model<\/p><h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Documented Double-Acting Cylinder Force &amp; Speed Calculator<\/h1><p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate piston\/annular areas, signed net driving force, ideal speed, return flow and mechanical power for a single-rod cylinder using pressures measured at both cylinder ports.<\/p><div class=\"vc-badges\"><span class=\"vc-badge\">Both-port pressures<\/span><span class=\"vc-badge\">Signed net force<\/span><span class=\"vc-badge\">No hidden efficiency<\/span><\/div><\/header>\r\n<div class=\"vc-card\"><form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"vc-doc-grid\"><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-id\">Calculation \/ project identifier<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-id\" type=\"text\" maxlength=\"220\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-product\">Cylinder product \/ configuration<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-product\" type=\"text\" maxlength=\"500\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-dunit\">Diameter unit<\/label><select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-dunit\"><option value=\"\">Select\u2026<\/option><option value=\"mm\">millimetre (mm)<\/option><option value=\"in\">inch (in)<\/option><\/select><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-bore\">Bore diameter D<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-bore\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-rod\">Rod diameter d<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-rod\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field vc-wide\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-dsource\">Bore\/rod drawing or manufacturer source and revision<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-dsource\" type=\"text\" maxlength=\"600\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-punit\">Pressure unit<\/label><select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-punit\"><option value=\"\">Select\u2026<\/option><option value=\"bar\">bar<\/option><option value=\"mpa\">MPa<\/option><option value=\"psi\">psi<\/option><\/select><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-funit\">Flow unit<\/label><select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-funit\"><option value=\"\">Select\u2026<\/option><option value=\"lmin\">L\/min<\/option><option value=\"usgpm\">US gal\/min<\/option><option value=\"m3s\">m\u00b3\/s<\/option><\/select><\/div><div class=\"vc-field vc-wide\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-psource\">Port-pressure\/flow measurement or design source, common pressure-reference basis and revision<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-psource\" type=\"text\" maxlength=\"700\"><\/div><h2 class=\"vc-direction\">Extension state<\/h2><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-pec\">Cap-end pressure pCE<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-pec\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-per\">Rod-end pressure pRE <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(opposing)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-per\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field vc-wide\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-qe\">Cap-end inflow QE<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-qe\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><h2 class=\"vc-direction\">Retraction state<\/h2><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-prr\">Rod-end pressure pRR<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-prr\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-prc\">Cap-end pressure pRC <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(opposing)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-prc\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field vc-wide\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-qr\">Rod-end inflow QR<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-qr\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"decimal\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div><div class=\"vc-field vc-wide\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-review\">Load, friction, seal, buckling, mounting, pressure-rating and safety review reference<\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-review\" type=\"text\" maxlength=\"800\"><\/div><\/div><p id=\"vc-error\" role=\"alert\" style=\"margin:.75rem 0 0;color:#b42318\"><\/p><div class=\"vc-warning-box\"><p style=\"margin:0\"><strong>Applicability gate:<\/strong> ideal quasi-steady, rigid geometry and incompressible flow; no leakage, seal\/bearing friction, pressure pulsation, acceleration, compressibility, line\/cushion losses, side load, buckling, structural stress or efficiency. Enter pressures at the two cylinder ports for each state on the same gauge or absolute reference basis. A negative force means the entered pressure state opposes the named motion.<\/p><\/div><\/form>\r\n<div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div class=\"vc-results-head\"><h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Ideal documented-state result<\/h2><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">Copy<\/button><\/div><div class=\"vc-result-grid\"><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Piston area Ap<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-ap\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Annular area Aa<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-aa\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Signed extension net force<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-fe\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Signed retraction net force<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-fr\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Extension speed<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-ve\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Retraction speed<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-vr\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Rod-end return flow during extension<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-qer\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Cap-end return flow during retraction<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-qrc\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Signed ideal mechanical power, extension<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-pe\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Signed ideal mechanical power, retraction<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-pr\">\u2014<\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"vc-result-note\" id=\"vc-r-note\"><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\"><span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Equations, evidence and standards boundary<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\"><h3>Implemented equations<\/h3><div class=\"vc-formula-box\">Ap = \u03c0D\u00b2\/4 &nbsp; ; &nbsp; Aa = \u03c0(D\u00b2\u2212d\u00b2)\/4<br>FE = pCE Ap \u2212 pRE Aa &nbsp; ; &nbsp; FR = pRR Aa \u2212 pRC Ap<br>vE = QE\/Ap &nbsp; ; &nbsp; QRE,out = vE Aa<br>vR = QR\/Aa &nbsp; ; &nbsp; QRC,out = vR Ap<br>PE = FE vE &nbsp; ; &nbsp; PR = FR vR<\/div><p>Pressure in pascals times area in square metres gives newtons. Flow in cubic metres per second divided by area gives metres per second. Force times velocity gives watts. The same formulas also show why a single pressure drop multiplied by one area is generally not the net force of an unequal-area single-rod cylinder.<\/p><h3>Official manufacturer evidence<\/h3><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parker.com\/parkerimages\/cylinder\/miller\/cat\/App_Eng_3-02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parker Miller Application Engineering Guide<\/a> gives a published 2 in bore, 1 in rod, 1000 psi example: 3142 lbf push and 2357 lbf pull when the opposite-side counterpressure is assumed zero. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parker.com\/parkerimages\/mobilecylinder\/cat\/english\/0001q.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parker Designing With Cylinders guide<\/a> explicitly instructs designers to subtract the opposing chamber force and warns that multiplying a single pressure drop by piston area is incorrect for unequal-area single-rod cylinders. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parker.com\/content\/dam\/Parker-com\/Literature\/Schrader-Bellows\/Schrader\/Cat\/English\/SB0106-7_SecC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parker metric cylinder catalogue<\/a> states the theoretical relation F(kN)=p(bar)A(mm\u00b2)\/10000.<\/p><h3>ISO 3320 boundary<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/61647.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 3320:2013<\/a>, edition 3, is Published and was confirmed in 2024. Its public scope establishes metric bore\/rod diameter series and corresponding useful-area ratios. It applies only to dimensional criteria and expressly does not apply to functional characteristics. Therefore ISO 3320 is not the source of this page\u2019s force, speed or power equations, and this calculator does not claim ISO conformity. No unlicensed ISO diameter\/rod-pair table is reproduced; an ISO dimensional claim must be checked against the licensed standard or controlled manufacturer drawing.<\/p><h3>Why the former page was changed<\/h3><p>The former JavaScript computed force as p(bar)\u00d7A(cm\u00b2)\/10, which is exactly ten times the correct kN value p\u00d7A\/100; its own structured-data FAQ used \/100 while the visible FAQ and code used \/10. It also ignored opposing-port pressure, called the equations \u201cper ISO 3320,\u201d referred to a nonexistent \u201cISO 3320-2,\u201d accepted partial\/negative flow input, embedded unsourced presets\/defaults and used 9.81 rather than conventional standard gravity for kgf conversion.<\/p><div class=\"vc-warning-box\"><p style=\"margin:0\"><strong>Not a selection or safety calculation:<\/strong> actual available force and motion depend on measured port pressures under flow, friction, leakage, seals, cushions, valves\/lines, fluid compressibility, dynamics and load geometry. Verify manufacturer pressure\/speed ratings, rod buckling and stress, mounting and pin loads, end stops, guarding, load holding, hose\/pipe\/valve capacity, relief settings and the applicable system safety requirements.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><footer class=\"vc-footer\"><p>\u00a9 2024\u20132026 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a><\/p><p>Ideal documented-state comparison only. Scientific review: July 2026.<\/p><\/footer><\/div>\r\n<script>(function(){'use strict';function $(id){return document.getElementById(id)}var map={hc_id:'vc-id',hc_product:'vc-product',hc_dunit:'vc-dunit',hc_bore:'vc-bore',hc_rod:'vc-rod',hc_dsource:'vc-dsource',hc_punit:'vc-punit',hc_funit:'vc-funit',hc_psource:'vc-psource',hc_pec:'vc-pec',hc_per:'vc-per',hc_qe:'vc-qe',hc_prr:'vc-prr',hc_prc:'vc-prc',hc_qr:'vc-qr',hc_review:'vc-review'};var df={mm:.001,in:.0254},pf={bar:100000,mpa:1000000,psi:6894.757293168361},qf={lmin:1\/60000,usgpm:.003785411784\/60,m3s:1},ql={lmin:'L\/min',usgpm:'US gal\/min',m3s:'m\u00b3\/s'};function num(raw){var s=String(raw).trim().replace(',','.');if(s.length>80||!\/^[-+]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?$\/.test(s))return NaN;return Number(s)}function fmt(v){if(!Number.isFinite(v))return'\u2014';if(Object.is(v,-0)||v===0)return'0';return Number(v.toPrecision(12)).toString()}function clear(){['vc-r-ap','vc-r-aa','vc-r-fe','vc-r-fr','vc-r-ve','vc-r-vr','vc-r-qer','vc-r-qrc','vc-r-pe','vc-r-pr'].forEach(function(id){$(id).textContent='\u2014';$(id).classList.remove('vc-signed-negative')});$('vc-r-note').textContent='';$('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible')}function fail(m){clear();$('vc-error').textContent=m}function setUrl(){var u=new URL(location);Object.keys(map).forEach(function(q){var v=$(map[q]).value.trim();if(v)u.searchParams.set(q,v);else u.searchParams.delete(q)});history.replaceState(null,'',u.toString())}function signed(id,v,unit){$(id).textContent=fmt(v)+' '+unit;$(id).classList.toggle('vc-signed-negative',v<0)}function calc(){setUrl();var x={};Object.keys(map).forEach(function(q){x[q]=$(map[q]).value.trim()});var any=Object.keys(x).some(function(q){return x[q]});if(!any){$('vc-error').textContent='';clear();return}if(!Object.keys(map).every(function(q){return x[q]})){fail('Enter every geometry, port-state and document-control field. 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