{"id":100253,"date":"2026-02-15T20:29:49","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100253"},"modified":"2026-03-05T15:40:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T15:40:02","slug":"surface-roughness-symbols","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/calculators\/surface-roughness-symbols\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09b0\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8 ISO 1302 | \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Surface Roughness Symbols Reference\",\"alternateName\":[\"ISO 1302 Surface Finish Tool\",\"Ra Value Symbol Lookup\"],\"description\":\"Free online reference tool for ISO 1302 surface roughness drawing symbols. Select machining process or Ra value to see proper drawing notation.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/surface-roughness-symbols\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-01\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"ISO 1302 symbol generation\",\"MRR indicator display\",\"Lay direction symbols\",\"Process-to-Ra lookup\",\"Auto-display on selection\"],\"keywords\":\"surface roughness, ISO 1302, Ra, drawing symbols\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is Ra in surface roughness?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ra (arithmetical mean roughness) is the most commonly used surface roughness parameter. It represents the average absolute deviation of the profile from the mean line, measured in micrometers (\u03bcm).\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does the MRR indicator mean on a surface symbol?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"MRR stands for Material Removal Required. A circle in the V-symbol means 'any process allowed'. A bar across means 'machining required (material removal required)'. No circle or bar means 'no material removal allowed'.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How are lay direction symbols used?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Lay direction symbols indicate the predominant surface pattern direction: = (parallel to projection plane), \u22a5 (perpendicular), X (crosshatch), M (multi-directional), C (circular), R (radial), P (non-directional\/particulate).\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between ISO 1302 and ISO 21920?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"ISO 1302 defines how to indicate surface texture on technical drawings (symbols and notation). ISO 21920 defines the actual profile parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq, etc.) and their measurement. They are complementary standards.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I choose the right Ra value for my application?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Typical values: Ra 0.1-0.4 \u03bcm for bearing surfaces and seals; Ra 0.8-1.6 \u03bcm for mating\/sliding surfaces; Ra 3.2-6.3 \u03bcm for general machined surfaces; Ra 12.5-25 \u03bcm for rough machining and castings.\"}}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Surface Roughness Symbols\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/surface-roughness-symbols\/\"}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" 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8px}\n.vc-symbol-display{text-align:center;padding:30px;background:var(--vc-surface);border:2px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:8px;margin:10px 0}\n.vc-symbol-svg{width:180px;height:120px;margin:0 auto}\n@media print{.vc-section-body{max-height:none!important}.vc-faq-a{max-height:none!important}.vc-results{max-height:none!important;padding:24px!important}.vc-copy-btn,.vc-section-chevron,.vc-faq-chevron,.vc-presets,.vc-promo{display:none!important}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-surface-roughness\">\n\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Surface Roughness Symbols Reference<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">ISO 1302 drawing symbol reference. Select a machining process or Ra value to see the proper drawing symbol, MRR indicator, and lay direction.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">ISO 1302<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Ra \/ Rz<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Drawing Symbols<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-process\">Machining Process<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-process\">\n                    <option value=\"any\" selected>Any process permitted<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"turning\">Turning<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"milling\">Milling<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"grinding\">Grinding<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"lapping\">Lapping \/ Polishing<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"drilling\">Drilling<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"reaming\">Reaming<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"honing\">Honing<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"edm\">EDM (Spark Erosion)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"casting\">Casting (no removal)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"forging\">Forging (no removal)<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-ra\">Ra Value <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(\u03bcm)<\/span><\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-ra\">\n                    <option value=\"0.025\">0.025 \u03bcm (Mirror polish)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"0.05\">0.05 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"0.1\">0.1 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"0.2\">0.2 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"0.4\">0.4 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"0.8\">0.8 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"1.6\" selected>1.6 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"3.2\">3.2 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"6.3\">6.3 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"12.5\">12.5 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"25\">25 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"50\">50 \u03bcm<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-mrr\">Material Removal<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-mrr\">\n                    <option value=\"any\" selected>Any process (basic symbol)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"required\">Material removal required<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"prohibited\">Material removal prohibited<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-lay\">Lay Direction<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-lay\">\n                    <option value=\"none\" selected>Not specified<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"parallel\">= Parallel<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"perpendicular\">\u22a5 Perpendicular<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"crossed\">X Crossed<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"multi\">M Multi-directional<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"circular\">C Circular<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"radial\">R Radial<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"particulate\">P Particulate \/ Non-directional<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-p=\"grinding\" data-ra=\"0.4\" data-m=\"required\" data-l=\"perpendicular\">Ground bearing seat<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-p=\"turning\" data-ra=\"1.6\" data-m=\"required\" data-l=\"circular\">Turned shaft<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-p=\"milling\" data-ra=\"3.2\" data-m=\"required\" data-l=\"parallel\">Milled surface<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-p=\"casting\" data-ra=\"12.5\" data-m=\"prohibited\" data-l=\"none\">As-cast surface<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <div class=\"vc-results vc-visible\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Symbol &amp; Details<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-symbol-display\" id=\"vc-symbol-display\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Surface Roughness<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-ra\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">MRR Indicator<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-mrr\" style=\"font-size:16px\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Lay Direction<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-lay\" style=\"font-size:16px\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Typical Process<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-process\" style=\"font-size:16px\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">ISO N Grade (approx)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-grade\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Reference<\/span><\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>ISO 1302 Symbol Structure<\/h3>\n            <p>The ISO 1302 surface texture symbol consists of a basic graphical symbol (check-mark shape) with annotations for Ra\/Rz values, machining process, material removal, lay direction, and machining allowance.<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Ra vs N Grade Cross-Reference<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>Ra (\u03bcm)<\/th><th>N Grade<\/th><th>Typical Process<\/th><th>Application<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>0.025<\/td><td>N1<\/td><td>Superfinish \/ Lapping<\/td><td>Gauge blocks, mirrors<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>0.05<\/td><td>N2<\/td><td>Lapping<\/td><td>Precision gauges<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>0.1<\/td><td>N3<\/td><td>Lapping \/ Honing<\/td><td>Bearing races, seals<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>0.2<\/td><td>N4<\/td><td>Grinding \/ Honing<\/td><td>Crankshaft journals<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>0.4<\/td><td>N5<\/td><td>Grinding<\/td><td>Bearing seats<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>0.8<\/td><td>N6<\/td><td>Grinding \/ Fine turning<\/td><td>Mating surfaces<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>1.6<\/td><td>N7<\/td><td>Turning \/ Milling<\/td><td>General machined parts<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>3.2<\/td><td>N8<\/td><td>Turning \/ Milling<\/td><td>Non-critical surfaces<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>6.3<\/td><td>N9<\/td><td>Rough machining<\/td><td>Internal surfaces<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>12.5<\/td><td>N10<\/td><td>Rough turning \/ Sawing<\/td><td>Rough castings<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>25<\/td><td>N11<\/td><td>Casting \/ Forging<\/td><td>Non-functional surfaces<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>50<\/td><td>N12<\/td><td>Sand casting<\/td><td>As-cast surfaces<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n\n            <h3>Lay Direction Symbols<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>=<\/td><td>Parallel to projection plane<\/td><td>Turning, shaping<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>\u22a5<\/td><td>Perpendicular to projection plane<\/td><td>Cross-grinding<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>X<\/td><td>Crossed in two oblique directions<\/td><td>Honing<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>M<\/td><td>Multi-directional<\/td><td>Lapping, superfinishing<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>C<\/td><td>Approximately circular<\/td><td>Face turning<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>R<\/td><td>Approximately radial<\/td><td>Radial grinding<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>P<\/td><td>Non-directional, particulate<\/td><td>Shot blasting, EDM<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span><\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-related\">\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/surface-parameters-iso21920\/\">Surface Parameters ISO 21920<\/a>\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/general-tolerances-iso2768-2\/\">ISO 2768-2 Tolerances<\/a>\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/gdt-tolerance-calculator\/\">GD&#038;T Calculator<\/a>\n    <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-promo\"><div class=\"vc-promo-text\"><strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>Professional field balancing instruments and software. Used in 50+ countries.<\/div><a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a><\/div>\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\"><p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p><p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Based on ISO 1302. Last updated: February 2025<\/p><div class=\"vc-footer-links\"><a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function(){\n'use strict';\nvar SLUG='surface-roughness-symbols';\nfunction $(id){return document.getElementById(id);}\n\nvar raToN={0.025:'N1',0.05:'N2',0.1:'N3',0.2:'N4',0.4:'N5',0.8:'N6',1.6:'N7',3.2:'N8',6.3:'N9',12.5:'N10',25:'N11',50:'N12'};\nvar processRa={any:[0.025,50],turning:[0.4,12.5],milling:[0.8,12.5],grinding:[0.1,1.6],lapping:[0.025,0.4],drilling:[1.6,12.5],reaming:[0.4,3.2],honing:[0.05,0.8],edm:[0.8,6.3],casting:[6.3,50],forging:[3.2,25]};\nvar processNames={any:'Any process',turning:'Turning',milling:'Milling',grinding:'Grinding',lapping:'Lapping \/ Polishing',drilling:'Drilling',reaming:'Reaming',honing:'Honing',edm:'EDM',casting:'Casting',forging:'Forging'};\nvar laySymbols={none:'Not specified',parallel:'= (Parallel)',perpendicular:'\u22a5 (Perpendicular)',crossed:'X (Crossed)',multi:'M (Multi-directional)',circular:'C (Circular)',radial:'R (Radial)',particulate:'P (Non-directional)'};\nvar layShort={none:'',parallel:'=',perpendicular:'\u22a5',crossed:'X',multi:'M',circular:'C',radial:'R',particulate:'P'};\n\nfunction drawSymbol(){\n    var mrr=$('vc-mrr').value;\n    var ra=$('vc-ra').value;\n    var lay=$('vc-lay').value;\n    var proc=$('vc-process').value;\n    var svg='<svg viewBox=\"0 0 200 130\" style=\"width:200px;height:130px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">';\n    svg+='<line x1=\"30\" y1=\"90\" x2=\"60\" y2=\"50\" stroke=\"#1a1a1a\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\"\/>';\n    svg+='<line x1=\"60\" y1=\"50\" x2=\"90\" y2=\"90\" stroke=\"#1a1a1a\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\"\/>';\n    if(mrr==='required'){\n        svg+='<line x1=\"90\" y1=\"90\" x2=\"160\" y2=\"90\" stroke=\"#1a1a1a\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>';\n    } else if(mrr==='prohibited'){\n        svg+='<circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"70\" r=\"12\" stroke=\"#1a1a1a\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/>';\n    }\n    svg+='<text x=\"65\" y=\"42\" font-family=\"JetBrains Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#c85a2a\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Ra '+ra+'<\/text>';\n    if(layShort[lay]){\n        svg+='<text x=\"100\" y=\"80\" font-family=\"JetBrains Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#2a5c8c\">'+layShort[lay]+'<\/text>';\n    }\n    if(proc!=='any'){\n        svg+='<text x=\"60\" y=\"118\" font-family=\"DM Sans,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#5a5650\" text-anchor=\"middle\">'+processNames[proc]+'<\/text>';\n    }\n    svg+='<\/svg>';\n    $('vc-symbol-display').innerHTML=svg;\n}\n\nfunction calculate(){\n    var ra=parseFloat($('vc-ra').value);\n    var mrr=$('vc-mrr').value;\n    var lay=$('vc-lay').value;\n    var proc=$('vc-process').value;\n\n    $('vc-r-ra').innerHTML='Ra '+ra+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u03bcm<\/span>';\n    var mrrText={any:'Any process (basic symbol)',required:'Material removal required (bar)',prohibited:'No material removal (circle)'};\n    $('vc-r-mrr').textContent=mrrText[mrr];\n    $('vc-r-lay').textContent=laySymbols[lay];\n    $('vc-r-process').textContent=processNames[proc];\n    $('vc-r-grade').textContent=raToN[ra]||'\u2014';\n    drawSymbol();\n    $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n    saveHistory({ra:ra,mrr:mrr,lay:lay,process:proc,_summary:'Ra '+ra+' \u03bcm, '+processNames[proc]});\n}\n\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn){\n    btn.addEventListener('click',function(e){e.preventDefault();\n        $('vc-process').value=this.getAttribute('data-p');\n        $('vc-ra').value=this.getAttribute('data-ra');\n        $('vc-mrr').value=this.getAttribute('data-m');\n        $('vc-lay').value=this.getAttribute('data-l');\n        calculate();\n    });\n});\n$('vc-form').addEventListener('input',calculate);\n$('vc-form').addEventListener('change',calculate);\n\n$('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click',function(){\n    var text='Surface Roughness Symbol (ISO 1302)\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nRa: '+$('vc-ra').value+' \u03bcm\\nProcess: '+$('vc-process').value+'\\nMRR: '+$('vc-mrr').value+'\\nLay: '+$('vc-lay').value+'\\nN Grade: '+$('vc-r-grade').textContent+'\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nvibromera.eu';\n    if(navigator.clipboard){navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function(){var b=$('vc-copy-btn');b.classList.add('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';setTimeout(function(){b.classList.remove('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';},2000);});}\n});\n\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn){btn.addEventListener('click',function(){var s=this.closest('.vc-section');s.classList.toggle('vc-open');this.setAttribute('aria-expanded',s.classList.contains('vc-open'));});});\n\nvar faqData=[\n    {q:'What is Ra in surface roughness?',a:'<p>Ra (arithmetical mean roughness) is the most commonly used surface roughness parameter. It represents the average absolute deviation of the profile from the mean line, measured in micrometers (\u03bcm). Lower Ra values mean smoother surfaces.<\/p>'},\n    {q:'What does the MRR indicator mean?',a:'<p>MRR stands for Material Removal Required. The basic V-symbol with a circle means \"any process allowed\". A bar across the V means \"machining required (material removal required)\". A circle on the V means \"no material removal allowed\" (surface left as-produced).<\/p>'},\n    {q:'How are lay direction symbols used?',a:'<p>Lay direction symbols indicate the predominant surface pattern direction:<\/p><ul><li><strong>=<\/strong> Parallel to projection plane<\/li><li><strong>\u22a5<\/strong> Perpendicular<\/li><li><strong>X<\/strong> Crosshatch<\/li><li><strong>M<\/strong> Multi-directional<\/li><li><strong>C<\/strong> Circular<\/li><li><strong>R<\/strong> Radial<\/li><li><strong>P<\/strong> Non-directional\/particulate<\/li><\/ul>'},\n    {q:'What is the difference between ISO 1302 and ISO 21920?',a:'<p>ISO 1302 defines how to indicate surface texture on technical drawings (symbols and notation). ISO 21920 defines the actual profile parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq, etc.) and their measurement methods. They are complementary standards.<\/p>'},\n    {q:'How do I choose the right Ra value?',a:'<p>Typical values: Ra 0.1\u20130.4 \u03bcm for bearing surfaces and seals; Ra 0.8\u20131.6 \u03bcm for mating\/sliding surfaces; Ra 3.2\u20136.3 \u03bcm for general machined surfaces; Ra 12.5\u201325 \u03bcm for rough machining and castings.<\/p>'}\n];\nvar fl=$('vc-faq-list');faqData.forEach(function(f){fl.innerHTML+='<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>'+f.q+'<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">'+f.a+'<\/div><\/div><\/div>';});\nfl.addEventListener('click',function(e){var b=e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');if(!b)return;b.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');});\n\nfunction saveHistory(entry){var key='vc_history_'+SLUG;var arr=[];try{arr=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key))||[];}catch(e){}entry._ts=new Date().toISOString();arr.unshift(entry);if(arr.length>10)arr=arr.slice(0,10);try{localStorage.setItem(key,JSON.stringify(arr));}catch(e){}}\n\nfunction renderFormulas(){try{katex.render('\\\\text{Surface symbol:}\\\\quad \\\\underset{\\\\text{process}}{\\\\overset{Ra\\\\;[\\\\mu m]}{\\\\bigvee}} \\\\;+\\\\; \\\\text{MRR indicator} \\\\;+\\\\; \\\\text{lay direction}',$('vc-katex-1'),{displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});}catch(e){}}\n\nfunction init(){renderFormulas();calculate();}\nif(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);}else{init();}\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ISO \u09e7\u0969\u09e6\u0968 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae\u0964 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be Ra \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09a5 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09a8 \u09a8\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8, MRR \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100253","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100761,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100253\/revisions\/100761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}