{"id":100306,"date":"2026-02-15T20:45:12","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100306"},"modified":"2026-03-05T15:33:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T15:33:41","slug":"voltage-drop-calculator","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/calculators\/voltage-drop-calculator\/","title":{"rendered":"Voltage Drop Calculator | Free Cable Sizing Tool | Vibromera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Voltage Drop Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"Cable Sizing Calculator\",\"Wire Voltage Drop Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Calculate cable voltage drop for single-phase and three-phase circuits. \u0394V=k\u00d7\u03c1\u00d7I\u00d7L\/A.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/voltage-drop-calculator\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-01\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Single-phase and three-phase\",\"Copper and aluminum conductors\",\"Standard cable sizes\",\"Percentage drop calculation\",\"Auto-calculation\"],\"keywords\":\"voltage drop, cable sizing, wire gauge, conductor, copper, aluminum\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is acceptable voltage drop?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Most electrical codes recommend maximum 3% voltage drop for branch circuits and 5% total (feeder + branch). IEC 60364 and NEC both suggest these limits. For motor circuits, excessive voltage drop reduces starting torque proportionally to V\u00b2.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is voltage drop calculated?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"For single-phase: \u0394V = 2 \u00d7 \u03c1 \u00d7 I \u00d7 L \/ A. For three-phase: \u0394V = \u221a3 \u00d7 \u03c1 \u00d7 I \u00d7 L \/ A. Where \u03c1 is resistivity (\u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m), I is current (A), L is one-way cable length (m), and A is conductor cross-section (mm\u00b2).\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the resistivity of copper vs aluminum?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Copper resistivity at 20\u00b0C: 0.0175 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m (1.72\u00d710\u207b\u2078 \u03a9\u00b7m). Aluminum: 0.0283 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m (2.83\u00d710\u207b\u2078 \u03a9\u00b7m). Aluminum is about 61% the conductivity of copper, so larger cross-section is needed.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does cable temperature affect voltage drop?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Conductor resistance increases with temperature. At 75\u00b0C operating temperature, copper resistivity is about 0.0216 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m (vs 0.0175 at 20\u00b0C). This calculator uses room temperature values; for hot cables, increase by ~20%.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I reduce voltage drop?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Options: (1) Increase cable cross-section, (2) Reduce cable length (relocate distribution panel), (3) Increase supply voltage (e.g. 690V instead of 400V), (4) Use copper instead of aluminum, (5) Apply power factor correction to reduce current.\"}}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Voltage Drop Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/voltage-drop-calculator\/\"}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<link 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print{.vc-section-body{max-height:none!important}.vc-faq-a{max-height:none!important}.vc-results{max-height:none!important;padding:24px!important}.vc-copy-btn,.vc-section-chevron,.vc-faq-chevron,.vc-presets,.vc-promo{display:none!important}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-voltage-drop-calculator\">\n\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Voltage Drop Calculator<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate cable voltage drop for single-phase and three-phase circuits. \u0394V = k \u00d7 \u03c1 \u00d7 I \u00d7 L \/ A. Shows absolute drop and percentage.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">1-Phase \/ 3-Phase<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Cu \/ Al<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">IEC 60364<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-system\">System Type<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-system\">\n                    <option value=\"3ph\" selected>Three-Phase (k = \u221a3)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"1ph\">Single-Phase (k = 2)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"dc\">DC (k = 2)<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-voltage\">Supply Voltage <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(V)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-voltage\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 400\" value=\"400\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-current\">Load Current <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(A)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-current\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 50\" value=\"50\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-length\">Cable Length (one way) <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(m)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-length\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 100\" value=\"100\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-area\">Conductor Cross-Section <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(mm\u00b2)<\/span><\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-area\">\n                    <option value=\"1.5\">1.5 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"2.5\">2.5 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"4\">4 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"6\">6 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"10\">10 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"16\" selected>16 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"25\">25 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"35\">35 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"50\">50 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"70\">70 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"95\">95 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"120\">120 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"150\">150 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"185\">185 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"240\">240 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"300\">300 mm\u00b2<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-material\">Conductor Material<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-material\">\n                    <option value=\"cu\" selected>Copper (\u03c1 = 0.0175)<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"al\">Aluminum (\u03c1 = 0.0283)<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-sys=\"1ph\" data-v=\"230\" data-i=\"16\" data-l=\"30\" data-a=\"2.5\" data-mat=\"cu\">House 16A \/ 30m \/ 2.5mm\u00b2<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-sys=\"3ph\" data-v=\"400\" data-i=\"50\" data-l=\"100\" data-a=\"16\" data-mat=\"cu\">Motor 50A \/ 100m \/ 16mm\u00b2<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-sys=\"3ph\" data-v=\"400\" data-i=\"200\" data-l=\"50\" data-a=\"95\" data-mat=\"cu\">Panel 200A \/ 50m \/ 95mm\u00b2<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-sys=\"3ph\" data-v=\"400\" data-i=\"100\" data-l=\"200\" data-a=\"70\" data-mat=\"al\">Long run 100A \/ 200m Al<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Voltage Drop<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-vdrop\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Percentage Drop<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-pct\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Voltage at Load<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-vload\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Cable Resistance<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-rcable\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Power Loss in Cable<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-ploss\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span><\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>Voltage Drop Formulas<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>k<\/strong> = 2 for single-phase\/DC, \u221a3 for three-phase<\/li>\n                <li><strong>\u03c1<\/strong> = resistivity (\u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m) \u2014 Cu: 0.0175, Al: 0.0283<\/li>\n                <li><strong>I<\/strong> = current (A), <strong>L<\/strong> = one-way length (m), <strong>A<\/strong> = cross-section (mm\u00b2)<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n            <div class=\"vc-info-box\"><p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Tip:<\/strong> Keep voltage drop below 3% for branch circuits and 5% total (feeder + branch) per IEC 60364 and NEC recommendations.<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span><\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-related\">\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/three-phase-motor-power\/\">Three-Phase Motor Power<\/a>\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/circuit-breaker-selection\/\">Circuit Breaker Selection<\/a>\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/grounding-calculator\/\">Grounding Calculator<\/a>\n        <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/power-factor-correction\/\">Power Factor Correction<\/a>\n    <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-promo\"><div class=\"vc-promo-text\"><strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>Professional field balancing instruments and software. Used in 50+ countries.<\/div><a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a><\/div>\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\"><p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p><p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Based on IEC 60364. Last updated: June 2025<\/p><div class=\"vc-footer-links\"><a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function(){\n    'use strict';\n    var SLUG='voltage-drop-calculator';\n    function $(id){return document.getElementById(id)}\n    function fmt(n,d){if(isNaN(n)||!isFinite(n))return'\u2014';var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d);return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,'')}\n\n    var rho={cu:0.0175,al:0.0283};\n\n    function calculate(){\n        var sys=$('vc-system').value;\n        var V=parseFloat($('vc-voltage').value);\n        var I=parseFloat($('vc-current').value);\n        var L=parseFloat($('vc-length').value);\n        var A=parseFloat($('vc-area').value);\n        var mat=$('vc-material').value;\n        if(!V||!I||!L||!A||V<=0||I<=0||L<=0||A<=0){$('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');return}\n\n        var k=sys==='3ph'?Math.sqrt(3):2;\n        var r=rho[mat];\n        var Vdrop=k*r*I*L\/A;\n        var pct=Vdrop\/V*100;\n        var Vload=V-Vdrop;\n        var Rcable=k*r*L\/A;\n        var nCond=sys==='3ph'?3:(sys==='1ph'?2:2);\n        var Ploss=nCond*I*I*r*L\/A;\n\n        $('vc-r-vdrop').innerHTML=fmt(Vdrop,2)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">V<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-pct').innerHTML=fmt(pct,2)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">%<\/span>'+(pct>5?' <span style=\"color:var(--vc-red)\">\u26a0 &gt;5%<\/span>':(pct>3?' <span style=\"color:var(--vc-yellow)\">\u26a0 &gt;3%<\/span>':''));\n        $('vc-r-vload').innerHTML=fmt(Vload,1)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">V<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-rcable').innerHTML=fmt(Rcable,4)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u03a9<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-ploss').innerHTML=fmt(Ploss,0)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">W<\/span>';\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n        var u=new URL(window.location);u.searchParams.set('sys',sys);u.searchParams.set('V',V);u.searchParams.set('I',I);u.searchParams.set('L',L);u.searchParams.set('A',A);u.searchParams.set('mat',mat);history.replaceState(null,'',u.toString());\n        saveHistory({sys:sys,V:V,I:I,L:L,A:A,mat:mat,_summary:I+'A, '+L+'m, '+A+'mm\u00b2 '+mat+' \u2192 '+fmt(pct,1)+'%'});\n    }\n\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn){btn.addEventListener('click',function(e){\n        e.preventDefault();$('vc-system').value=this.getAttribute('data-sys');$('vc-voltage').value=this.getAttribute('data-v');$('vc-current').value=this.getAttribute('data-i');$('vc-length').value=this.getAttribute('data-l');$('vc-area').value=this.getAttribute('data-a');$('vc-material').value=this.getAttribute('data-mat');calculate();\n    })});\n\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input',calculate);\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change',calculate);\n\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click',function(){\n        var text='Voltage Drop Calculation\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nDrop: '+$('vc-r-vdrop').textContent+'\\nPercentage: '+$('vc-r-pct').textContent+'\\nVoltage at Load: '+$('vc-r-vload').textContent+'\\nCable R: '+$('vc-r-rcable').textContent+'\\nPower Loss: '+$('vc-r-ploss').textContent+'\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nvibromera.eu';\n        if(navigator.clipboard){navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function(){var b=$('vc-copy-btn');b.classList.add('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';setTimeout(function(){b.classList.remove('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy'},2000)})}\n    });\n\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn){btn.addEventListener('click',function(){var s=this.closest('.vc-section');s.classList.toggle('vc-open');this.setAttribute('aria-expanded',s.classList.contains('vc-open'))})});\n\n    var faqData=[\n        {q:'What is acceptable voltage drop?',a:'<p>Most codes recommend max 3% for branch circuits and 5% total. IEC 60364 and NEC both suggest these limits. For motors, excessive drop reduces starting torque proportional to V\u00b2.<\/p>'},\n        {q:'How is voltage drop calculated?',a:'<p>Single-phase: \u0394V = 2\u00d7\u03c1\u00d7I\u00d7L\/A. Three-phase: \u0394V = \u221a3\u00d7\u03c1\u00d7I\u00d7L\/A. Where \u03c1 is resistivity, I is current, L is one-way length, A is conductor area.<\/p>'},\n        {q:'What is the resistivity of copper vs aluminum?',a:'<p>Copper: 0.0175 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m. Aluminum: 0.0283 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m. Aluminum has ~61% the conductivity of copper.<\/p>'},\n        {q:'Does temperature affect voltage drop?',a:'<p>Yes. At 75\u00b0C, copper resistivity increases to ~0.0216 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m (vs 0.0175 at 20\u00b0C). For hot cables, add ~20% to calculated drop.<\/p>'},\n        {q:'How do I reduce voltage drop?',a:'<p>Options: increase cable size, shorten cable run, raise supply voltage, use copper instead of aluminum, or correct power factor to reduce current.<\/p>'}\n    ];\n    var fl=$('vc-faq-list');faqData.forEach(function(f){fl.innerHTML+='<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>'+f.q+'<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">'+f.a+'<\/div><\/div><\/div>'});\n    fl.addEventListener('click',function(e){var b=e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');if(b)b.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open')});\n\n    function saveHistory(entry){var key='vc_history_'+SLUG;var arr=[];try{arr=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key))||[]}catch(e){}entry._ts=new Date().toISOString();arr.unshift(entry);if(arr.length>10)arr=arr.slice(0,10);try{localStorage.setItem(key,JSON.stringify(arr))}catch(e){}}\n    function loadParams(){var p=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);p.forEach(function(v,k){var el=$(k)||$('vc-'+k);if(el)el.value=v})}\n    function renderFormulas(){try{\n        katex.render('\\\\Delta V = k \\\\times \\\\frac{\\\\rho \\\\times I \\\\times L}{A} \\\\quad [\\\\text{V}]',$('vc-katex-1'),{displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});\n        katex.render('\\\\Delta V\\\\% = \\\\frac{\\\\Delta V}{V_{supply}} \\\\times 100',$('vc-katex-2'),{displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});\n    }catch(e){}}\n\n    function init(){loadParams();renderFormulas();calculate()}\n    if(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init)}else{init()}\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u099c \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09b0\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0995-\u09ab\u09c7\u099c \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8-\u09ab\u09c7\u099c \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u099c \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u0394V = k\u00d7\u03c1\u00d7I\u00d7L\/A\u0964 % \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100306","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100732,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100306\/revisions\/100732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}