{"id":2165,"date":"2023-04-07T21:33:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-07T21:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?p=2165"},"modified":"2026-05-24T01:07:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T01:07:35","slug":"measurement-of-relative-rotor-vibration-using-non-contact-linear-displacement-sensors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/example\/measurement-of-relative-rotor-vibration-using-non-contact-linear-displacement-sensors\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c8\u0996\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u0964"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Measurement of relative rotor vibration using non-contact linear displacement sensors<\/h1>\n<p>With the <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%a3%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af\/balanset-1\/\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09c7\u099f-\u09e7\u098f<\/a> you can measure the relative <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/glossary\/vibration\/\">vibration<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/glossary\/rotor\/\">rotor<\/a> using non-contact linear encoders.<\/p>\n<h2>1.1 Selection of the sensor type and setting<\/h2>\n<p>Depending on the task, either vibration sensors or displacement sensors can be used for measurements. To select the type of sensor it is necessary on the panel &#8220;Sensor type&#8221; (at the bottom of the main window) to put a mark in the field &#8220;Vibro&#8221; or &#8220;Linear&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2166\" style=\"width: 446px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2166\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image002.webp\" alt=\"Fig. 1. The main working window of the Balanset program.\" width=\"436\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image002.webp 436w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image002-300x280.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1. The main working window of the Balanset program.T<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Before starting the measurement it is necessary to make sure that the conversion coefficients of the sensors are set correctly. For this purpose press the button \u201cF4-Settings\u201d in the main working window of the program (see Fig. 1) and go to the settings window designed for entering conversion coefficients (see Fig. 2).<\/p>\n<p>In the working window shown in Fig. 2, in the corresponding fields the conversion coefficients of linear and vibration sensors should be entered. These coefficients are specified in the instrument passport. Usually you do not need to change them.<\/p>\n<p>For the linear <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/glossary\/displacement-probe\/\">displacement<\/a> sensors used in the set of the Balanset-1A instrument, the conversion coefficients are respectively equal to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kprl1= 0.94 mV\/\u03bcm (conversion coefficient of the sensor of the 1st channel);<\/li>\n<li>Kprl2 = 0.94 mV\/\u03bcm (conversion coefficient of the sensor of the 2nd channel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For proper operation, the linear encoder must be installed at a certain distance from the surface of the object of measurement. The nominal clearance between the surface and the end of the sensor is 3.5 mm. In this case there is a constant voltage of 2.48 volts at the sensor output. This voltage will be shown in the fields \u201cChannel1\u201d and \u201cChannel2\u201d for the first and second channels respectively.<\/p>\n<p>To compensate it you must press the button \u201cRemove DC\u201d. A small residual offset will not interfere with the measurement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2167\" style=\"width: 484px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2167\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image004.webp\" alt=\"Fig. 2. Working window for entering conversion coefficients and selecting the type of used sensors\" width=\"474\" height=\"441\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image004.webp 474w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image004-300x279.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2167\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2. Working window for entering conversion coefficients and selecting the type of used sensors<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Attention!<\/strong> The specified values of nominal clearance and the conversion factors of the linear encoders are given for rotors made of steel. For rotors made of other metals (copper, bronze, aluminum) nominal clearance and sensors conversion coefficients should be determined experimentally by the user by conducting calibration.<\/p>\n<p>To save the changed parameters press \u201cOK\u201d button. The new parameters will be saved in a file and used for further measurements.<\/p>\n<h2>1.2 Measuring the radial run-out of the rotor<\/h2>\n<p>The radial run-out of the rotor can be measured with non-contact <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/glossary\/proximity-probe\/\">proximity probes<\/a> in two planes according to the scheme shown in fig. 3. In order to measure and plot the time function and rotor run-out spectrum, if necessary, a number of preparatory operations must be carried out, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2013 select diametrical sections of the rotor, in which the measurements will be carried out;<\/li>\n<li>to install non-contact linear displacement sensors 5 and 6 and <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/glossary\/phase\/\">phase<\/a> angle sensor 7 on the machine bed using special devices (e.g. magnetic tripods);<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 connect proximity sensors of linear motion to connectors X1 and X2, and phase angle sensor to connector X3 of the measuring unit;<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 set a nominal measuring gap \u2206 between the rotor surface and the sensing element for each linear encoder (for the rotor made of steel \u2206 = 3.5 mm);<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 place on the rotor the reflective mark required for triggering for the phase angle sensor 7 and check the sensor triggering;<\/li>\n<li>connect the measuring unit to the computer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2168\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2168\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image006.webp\" alt=\"Fig. 3. Measuring the radial run-out of the rotor\" width=\"500\" height=\"308\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image006.webp 500w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image006-300x185.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3. Measuring the radial run-out of the rotor<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If you press the button \u201cF8 \u2013 Charts\u201d in the main working window (see Fig. 1), the computer display shows the working window \u201cGraphs\u201d (see Fig. 5), designed to build different kinds of graphs of radial run-out of the rotor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2169\" style=\"width: 656px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2169\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image010.webp\" alt=\"\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 5. &quot;\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f&quot; \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0989\u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09cb\" width=\"646\" height=\"462\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image010.webp 646w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image010-600x429.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image010-300x215.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2169\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 5. &quot;\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f&quot; \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0989\u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09cb<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The buttons in this window build the following graphs:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When you press the \u201cBroadband vibration\u201d button in this window, the time function of the rotor radial runout is displayed.<\/li>\n<li>If the \u201cRotation frequency vibration\u201d button is pressed, the time function of the reciprocal component of the rotor radial runout is displayed.<\/li>\n<li>If you press the button \u201cHarmonics (1\/rev)\u201d, the display will show a decomposition graph of the rotor runout into a harmonic series. The first harmonic corresponds to the value of vibration at the reverse rotor frequency (1x), the second one \u2013 at the double frequency (2x), etc.<\/li>\n<li>By pressing the button \u201cSpectrum (Hz)\u201d the display shows the spectrum of the radial run-out of the rotor.<\/li>\n<li>By pressing the button \u201cOrbit\u201d the graph of rotor orbit (precession) is displayed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>1.3 Construction of the rotor orbit graph<\/h2>\n<p>Construction of the rotor orbit graph can be performed according to the scheme shown in Fig. 6.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2170\" style=\"width: 679px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2170\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image016.gif\" alt=\"Fig. 6. Scheme of rotor orbit measurement 1a - rotor (end view); 1b - rotor (side view); 2, 3 - non-contact sensors; 4 - reflection mark of phase angle sensor.\" width=\"669\" height=\"296\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image016.gif 669w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image016-600x265.gif 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2170\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 6. Scheme of rotor orbit measurement 1a \u2013 rotor (end view); 1b \u2013 rotor (side view); 2, 3 \u2013 non-contact sensors; 4 \u2013 reflection mark of phase angle sensor.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In order to make a measurement and build a corresponding graph, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory operations, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2013 install the non-contact linear encoders 2 and 3 in one of the diametrical sections of the rotor at an angle of 90\u00b0 to each other, provided that the measuring axis of encoder 2 must coincide with the X axis, and the measuring axis of encoder 3 must coincide with the Y axis;<\/li>\n<li>set the nominal measuring gap \u2206x (\u2206u) between the rotor surface and the sensing element of each linear encoder (for steel \u2206 = 3.5 mm);<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 set the phase angle sensor (not shown in the scheme) in the X \u2013 Z plane, coinciding with the installation plane of non-contact sensor 2;<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 set a reflective mark 4 on the rotor 1 in the X \u2013 Z plane, which is necessary for the phase angle sensor operation;<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 connect non-contact linear encoders 2 and 3 to connectors X1 and X2, and phase angle encoder to connector X3 of the measuring unit;<\/li>\n<li>connect the measuring unit to the computer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To start measuring the rotor orbit in the main working window (see Fig. 1) press the button &#8220;F8 &#8211; Charts&#8221; and go to the working window &#8220;Graphs&#8221; (see Fig. 5), which is designed to build different kinds of graphs of radial runout of the rotor. In this working window you must press the button &#8220;Orbit&#8221;, after which the working window appears on the computer display, in which the necessary cycle of measurements is made (see Fig. 7).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2171\" style=\"width: 509px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2171\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image014.webp\" alt=\"Fig.7. Graph of the rotor orbit. Balanset software. \" width=\"499\" height=\"506\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image014.webp 499w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image014-296x300.webp 296w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image014-50x50.webp 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2171\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig.7. Graph of the rotor orbit. Balanset software.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>To continue the work in the specified working window (see Fig. 7) you must turn on the rotor rotation and by pressing the \u201cF9 \u2013 RUN\u201d button perform measurement of the instantaneous values of radial run-out of the rotor Sxi and Sui for a period equal to one rotor revolution.<\/p>\n<p>The array of instantaneous values Sxi and Sui obtained during measurement is used to calculate the orbit coordinates of the controlled rotor, which is performed by the formula:<\/p>\n<p>S\u2211i = \u221a (Sxi\u00b2 + Syi\u00b2) (1)<\/p>\n<p>where S\u2211i is the instantaneous value of the rotor orbit coordinate, calculated for the i-th point of the graph;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sxi \u2013 instantaneous value of the radial run-out of the rotor, measured by coordinate X with the sensor 1 in the i-th point;<\/li>\n<li>Sxi \u2013 instantaneous value of the rotor radial run-out, measured by coordinate Y with sensor 2 in the i-th point.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Measurement of relative rotor vibration using non-contact linear displacement sensors With the Balanset-1A you can measure the relative vibration of the rotor using non-contact linear encoders. 1.1 Selection of the sensor type and setting Depending on the task, either vibration sensors or displacement sensors can be used for measurements. To [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-example"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2165"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101509,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2165\/revisions\/101509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}