{"id":100262,"date":"2026-02-15T20:30:25","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100262"},"modified":"2026-03-05T15:39:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T15:39:11","slug":"tip-speed-mulcher","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/calculators\/tip-speed-mulcher\/","title":{"rendered":"Tip Speed Calculator | Mulcher, Shredder &#038; Rotor Tool"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Tip Speed Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"Mulcher Tip Speed Calculator\",\"Blade Tip Velocity Calculator\",\"Peripheral Speed Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Free online engineering calculator for tip speed of mulchers, shredders, chippers, and hammer mills. Enter rotor diameter and RPM.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/tip-speed-mulcher\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-14\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Tip speed in m\/s, ft\/min, km\/h\",\"Centrifugal acceleration in g\",\"Typical range comparison\",\"Preset scenarios\",\"URL parameter sharing\",\"Calculation history\"],\"keywords\":\"tip speed, mulcher, shredder, chipper, hammer mill, peripheral speed, blade velocity\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is tip speed?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tip speed is the linear velocity at the outermost point of a rotating tool \u2014 the blade tip. It is calculated as v = \u03c0 \u00d7 D \u00d7 n \/ 60, where D is diameter in meters and n is RPM. Tip speed determines cutting effectiveness, energy consumption, and material throw distance.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why does tip speed matter for mulchers and shredders?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tip speed directly affects cut quality, particle size, power consumption, and wear rate. Too low: poor cutting, material wrapping. Too high: excessive wear, energy waste, safety risk. The optimal range depends on the material being processed.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the optimal tip speed for mulching?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"For forestry mulchers: 40\u201380 m\/s. For wood chippers: 25\u201350 m\/s. For hammer mills: 60\u2013100 m\/s. Green vegetation typically requires lower speeds (30\u201350 m\/s), while woody material needs higher speeds (50\u201380 m\/s).\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does tip speed affect cut quality?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Higher tip speed generally produces finer particles and cleaner cuts. However, beyond the optimal range, returns diminish while wear and energy costs increase. The relationship also depends on the number of cutting tools, feed rate, and screen size.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are the safety considerations for high tip speeds?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"High tip speeds create extreme centrifugal forces on tools and fasteners. At 80 m\/s, a 1 kg hammer experiences over 2,000 g of centrifugal acceleration. This requires robust tool retention (pins, bolts), proper rotor balancing, and adequate guarding to contain thrown objects.\"}}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Tip Speed Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/tip-speed-mulcher\/\"}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300;0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;0,9..40,700;1,9..40,400&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&#038;family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,700;9..144,800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\n\n<style>\n:root {\n    --vc-bg: #f4f1ec;\n    --vc-surface: #ffffff;\n    --vc-surface-alt: #f8f6f2;\n    --vc-ink: #1a1a1a;\n    --vc-ink-secondary: #5a5650;\n    --vc-ink-muted: #8a857e;\n    --vc-accent: #c85a2a;\n    --vc-accent-hover: #b04d22;\n    --vc-accent-light: #fdf0ea;\n    --vc-blue: #2a5c8c;\n    --vc-blue-light: #eaf1f8;\n    --vc-green: #2a7a4b;\n    --vc-green-light: #eaf8ef;\n    --vc-yellow: #a67c00;\n    --vc-yellow-light: #fef9e8;\n    --vc-red: #b91c1c;\n    --vc-red-light: #fef2f2;\n    --vc-border: #d9d4cc;\n    --vc-border-light: #e8e4dd;\n    --vc-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(26,26,26,0.06), 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.04);\n    --vc-shadow-lg: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.08), 0 16px 40px rgba(26,26,26,0.06);\n    --vc-radius: 8px;\n    --vc-radius-lg: 12px;\n    --vc-font: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\n    --vc-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Consolas', 'Monaco', monospace;\n    --vc-display: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;\n}\n\n.vc-calculator {\n    font-family: var(--vc-font);\n    font-size: 15px;\n    line-height: 1.65;\n    color: var(--vc-ink);\n    max-width: 960px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 20px 16px 40px;\n    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n}\n.vc-calculator *, .vc-calculator *::before, .vc-calculator *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 HEADER \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-header { text-align: center; padding: 48px 24px 40px; position: relative; }\n.vc-header::after { content:''; position:absolute; bottom:0; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%); width:80px; height:3px; background:var(--vc-accent); border-radius:2px; }\n.vc-header-eyebrow { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:11px; font-weight:500; letter-spacing:0.15em; text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--vc-accent); margin:0 0 12px; }\n.vc-header-title { font-family:var(--vc-display); font-size:clamp(24px,4vw,36px); font-weight:800; line-height:1.15; color:var(--vc-ink); margin:0 0 16px; letter-spacing:-0.02em; }\n.vc-header-subtitle { font-size:15px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); margin:0 auto 20px; max-width:600px; }\n.vc-badges { display:inline-flex; gap:8px; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; }\n.vc-badge { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:11px; font-weight:500; padding:4px 10px; border-radius:4px; background:var(--vc-surface); border:1px solid var(--vc-border); color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 CARD \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-card { background:var(--vc-surface); border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg); box-shadow:var(--vc-shadow); overflow:hidden; margin-top:32px; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 UNIT TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-unit-bar { display:flex; border-bottom:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); background:var(--vc-surface-alt); }\n.vc-unit-btn { flex:1; padding:12px; border:none; background:transparent; font-family:var(--vc-font); font-size:13px; font-weight:600; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); cursor:pointer; transition:all 0.2s; position:relative; }\n.vc-unit-btn:hover { color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); background:rgba(200,90,42,0.04); }\n.vc-unit-btn.vc-active { color:var(--vc-accent); background:var(--vc-surface); }\n.vc-unit-btn.vc-active::after { content:''; position:absolute; bottom:-1px; left:16px; right:16px; height:2px; background:var(--vc-accent); border-radius:1px 1px 0 0; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 FORM \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-form { padding:24px; }\n.vc-form-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; }\n@media(max-width:600px) { .vc-form-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; } }\n.vc-field { display:flex; flex-direction:column; }\n.vc-field-full { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; }\n.vc-label { font-size:12px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.04em; text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); margin-bottom:6px; }\n.vc-label-hint { font-weight:400; text-transform:none; letter-spacing:0; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); font-size:11px; }\n.vc-select, .vc-input { width:100%; padding:10px 12px; border:1.5px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:6px; font-family:var(--vc-font); font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink); background:var(--vc-surface); transition:border-color 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s; }\n.vc-select { padding-right:36px; appearance:none; -webkit-appearance:none; cursor:pointer; background-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' width='16' height='16' fill='none' stroke='%235a5650' stroke-width='2'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 6l4 4 4-4'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\"); background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:right 10px center; }\n.vc-select:focus, .vc-input:focus { outline:none; border-color:var(--vc-accent); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(200,90,42,0.12); }\n.vc-select:hover, .vc-input:hover { border-color:var(--vc-ink-muted); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 PRESETS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-presets { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-top:18px; padding-top:18px; border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); }\n.vc-presets-label { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:11px; font-weight:500; letter-spacing:0.1em; text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); width:100%; margin-bottom:2px; }\n.vc-preset-btn { padding:5px 12px; font-family:var(--vc-font); font-size:12px; font-weight:500; border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:6px; background:var(--vc-surface-alt); color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); cursor:pointer; transition:all 0.15s; }\n.vc-preset-btn:hover { border-color:var(--vc-accent); color:var(--vc-accent); background:var(--vc-accent-light); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 RESULTS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-results { border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); background:var(--vc-surface-alt); padding:0; max-height:0; overflow:hidden; transition:max-height 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1), padding 0.3s; }\n.vc-results.vc-visible { max-height:2000px; padding:24px; }\n.vc-results-head { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; margin-bottom:18px; }\n.vc-results-title { font-family:var(--vc-display); font-size:20px; font-weight:700; color:var(--vc-ink); margin:0; }\n.vc-copy-btn { display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:5px; padding:6px 12px; border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:6px; background:var(--vc-surface); font-family:var(--vc-font); font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); cursor:pointer; transition:all 0.15s; }\n.vc-copy-btn:hover { border-color:var(--vc-accent); color:var(--vc-accent); }\n.vc-copy-btn.vc-copied { background:var(--vc-green-light); border-color:var(--vc-green); color:var(--vc-green); }\n\n.vc-result-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:12px; margin-bottom:20px; }\n@media(max-width:500px) { .vc-result-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; } }\n.vc-rcard { background:var(--vc-surface); border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); border-radius:var(--vc-radius); padding:16px; transition:transform 0.2s; }\n.vc-rcard:hover { transform:translateY(-1px); }\n.vc-rcard-primary { border-color:var(--vc-accent); border-width:2px; background:linear-gradient(135deg, #fdf6f2 0%, var(--vc-surface) 100%); grid-column:1 \/ -1; }\n.vc-rcard-label { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:10px; font-weight:500; letter-spacing:0.1em; text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); margin-bottom:4px; }\n.vc-rcard-value { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:22px; font-weight:600; color:var(--vc-ink); line-height:1.2; }\n.vc-rcard-primary .vc-rcard-value { font-size:30px; color:var(--vc-accent); }\n.vc-rcard-unit { font-size:14px; font-weight:400; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\n.vc-rcard-note { font-size:12px; font-weight:400; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); margin-top:4px; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 RANGE BAR \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-range-bar { margin-top:12px; }\n.vc-range-label { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:10px; font-weight:500; letter-spacing:0.08em; text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); margin-bottom:6px; }\n.vc-range-track { position:relative; height:8px; background:var(--vc-border-light); border-radius:4px; overflow:visible; }\n.vc-range-fill { position:absolute; top:0; height:100%; border-radius:4px; }\n.vc-range-marker { position:absolute; top:-4px; width:4px; height:16px; background:var(--vc-ink); border-radius:2px; transform:translateX(-50%); }\n.vc-range-labels { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; font-size:10px; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); margin-top:4px; font-family:var(--vc-mono); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-section { margin-top:24px; border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg); background:var(--vc-surface); box-shadow:var(--vc-shadow); overflow:hidden; }\n.vc-section-toggle { width:100%; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; padding:18px 24px; border:none; background:transparent; cursor:pointer; font-family:var(--vc-font); text-align:left; transition:background 0.15s; }\n.vc-section-toggle:hover { background:var(--vc-surface-alt); }\n.vc-section-toggle-text { display:flex; align-items:center; gap:10px; }\n.vc-section-icon { font-size:20px; line-height:1; }\n.vc-section-title { font-family:var(--vc-display); font-size:18px; font-weight:700; color:var(--vc-ink); margin:0; }\n.vc-section-chevron { width:20px; height:20px; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); transition:transform 0.3s; flex-shrink:0; }\n.vc-section.vc-open .vc-section-chevron { transform:rotate(180deg); }\n.vc-section-body { max-height:0; overflow:hidden; transition:max-height 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1); }\n.vc-section.vc-open .vc-section-body { max-height:20000px; }\n.vc-section-inner { padding:0 24px 24px; border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 THEORY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-theory h3 { font-family:var(--vc-display); font-size:17px; font-weight:700; color:var(--vc-ink); margin:28px 0 10px; }\n.vc-theory h3:first-child { margin-top:20px; }\n.vc-theory p { font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); margin:0 0 10px; }\n.vc-theory ul, .vc-theory ol { font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); margin:0 0 12px 18px; padding:0; }\n.vc-theory li { margin-bottom:5px; }\n.vc-formula-box { background:var(--vc-surface-alt); border:2px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:6px; padding:14px 20px; font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:16px; font-weight:500; text-align:center; margin:14px 0; color:var(--vc-ink); overflow-x:auto; }\n.vc-info-box { background:var(--vc-blue-light); border-left:3px solid var(--vc-blue); padding:14px 16px; border-radius:0 6px 6px 0; margin:14px 0; }\n.vc-info-box p { margin:0; font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\n.vc-warning-box { background:var(--vc-yellow-light); border-left:3px solid var(--vc-yellow); padding:14px 16px; border-radius:0 6px 6px 0; margin:14px 0; }\n.vc-example-box { background:var(--vc-surface-alt); border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); border-radius:6px; padding:16px; margin:14px 0; }\n.vc-example-title { font-family:var(--vc-mono); font-size:13px; font-weight:600; color:var(--vc-accent); margin-bottom:8px; }\n.vc-table { width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:14px 0; font-size:13px; }\n.vc-table th, .vc-table td { padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); text-align:left; }\n.vc-table th { background:var(--vc-surface-alt); font-size:11px; font-weight:600; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.05em; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\n.vc-table tr:nth-child(even) { background:var(--vc-surface-alt); }\n@media(max-width:600px) { .vc-table { font-size:12px; } .vc-table th, .vc-table td { padding:8px; } }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-faq-list { display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px; margin-top:20px; }\n.vc-faq-item { border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); border-radius:6px; overflow:hidden; }\n.vc-faq-q { width:100%; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:12px; padding:14px 16px; border:none; background:var(--vc-surface-alt); cursor:pointer; font-family:var(--vc-font); font-size:15px; font-weight:600; color:var(--vc-ink); text-align:left; transition:background 0.15s; }\n.vc-faq-q:hover { background:#ede9e3; }\n.vc-faq-chevron { width:16px; height:16px; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); flex-shrink:0; transition:transform 0.25s; }\n.vc-faq-item.vc-open .vc-faq-chevron { transform:rotate(180deg); }\n.vc-faq-a { max-height:0; overflow:hidden; transition:max-height 0.35s; }\n.vc-faq-item.vc-open .vc-faq-a { max-height:1200px; }\n.vc-faq-a-inner { padding:14px 16px; border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light); font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\n.vc-faq-a-inner p { margin:0 0 8px; }\n.vc-faq-a-inner p:last-child { margin-bottom:0; }\n.vc-faq-a-inner ul { margin:4px 0 8px 16px; padding:0; }\n.vc-faq-a-inner li { margin-bottom:3px; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 RELATED \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-related { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:10px; margin-top:16px; }\n.vc-related-link { display:inline-block; padding:8px 16px; font-family:var(--vc-font); font-size:13px; font-weight:600; background:var(--vc-surface-alt); color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:var(--vc-radius); text-decoration:none; transition:all 0.15s; }\n.vc-related-link:hover { border-color:var(--vc-accent); color:var(--vc-accent); background:var(--vc-accent-light); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 PROMO \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-promo { margin-top:24px; padding:20px; background:linear-gradient(135deg, var(--vc-accent-light), var(--vc-surface)); border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg); display:flex; align-items:center; gap:16px; }\n.vc-promo-text { flex:1; font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\n.vc-promo-text strong { color:var(--vc-ink); }\n.vc-promo-link { padding:8px 20px; font-size:13px; font-weight:700; color:#fff; background:var(--vc-accent); border-radius:var(--vc-radius); text-decoration:none; white-space:nowrap; transition:background 0.15s; }\n.vc-promo-link:hover { background:var(--vc-accent-hover); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 FOOTER \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.vc-footer { text-align:center; padding:32px 16px; font-size:13px; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); }\n.vc-footer a { color:var(--vc-accent); text-decoration:none; }\n.vc-footer a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }\n.vc-footer-links { margin-top:8px; font-size:12px; }\n.vc-footer-links a { margin:0 8px; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 PRINT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n@media print {\n    .vc-section-body { max-height:none!important; }\n    .vc-faq-a { max-height:none!important; }\n    .vc-results { max-height:none!important; padding:24px!important; }\n    .vc-copy-btn, .vc-section-chevron, .vc-faq-chevron, .vc-presets, .vc-promo { display:none!important; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-tip-speed\">\n\n<!-- Header -->\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Tip Speed Calculator<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate blade tip velocity for mulchers, shredders, chippers, and hammer mills. Enter rotor diameter and RPM to get tip speed with range comparison.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Mulcher<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Shredder<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Hammer Mill<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Chipper<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<!-- Calculator Card -->\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <div class=\"vc-unit-bar\">\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn vc-active\" data-system=\"metric\">Metric (mm, m\/s)<\/button>\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn\" data-system=\"imperial\">Imperial (in, ft\/min)<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-diameter\">Rotor Diameter <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-dia-hint\">(mm \u2014 to blade tip)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-diameter\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 600\" value=\"600\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-rpm\">Rotor Speed <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-rpm\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 2000\" value=\"2000\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Presets -->\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-d=\"600\" data-r=\"2000\">Mulcher \u00d8600 \/ 2000 RPM<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-d=\"400\" data-r=\"3000\">Shredder \u00d8400 \/ 3000 RPM<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-d=\"800\" data-r=\"1500\">Hammer mill \u00d8800 \/ 1500 RPM<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <!-- Results -->\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\n                Copy\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Tip Speed<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-tipspeed\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Tip Speed (ft\/min)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-ftmin\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Tip Speed (km\/h)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-kmh\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Centrifugal Acceleration<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-accel\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\" style=\"grid-column:1\/-1\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Comparison to Typical Ranges<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-range\">\u2014<\/div>\n                <div id=\"vc-range-bars\" style=\"margin-top:12px;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Theory & Reference -->\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>Tip Speed Formula<\/h3>\n            <p>Tip speed (peripheral velocity) at the outermost point of the rotor:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>D<\/strong> \u2014 rotor diameter to blade tip (mm)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>n<\/strong> \u2014 rotational speed (RPM)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>v<sub>tip<\/sub><\/strong> \u2014 tip speed (m\/s)<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n\n            <h3>Centrifugal Acceleration<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\n            <p>This is the centrifugal acceleration at the blade tip, expressed as multiples of gravitational acceleration g = 9.81 m\/s\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n            <h3>Typical Tip Speed Ranges<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>Machine Type<\/th><th>Tip Speed (m\/s)<\/th><th>Tip Speed (ft\/min)<\/th><th>Application<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>Forestry mulcher<\/td><td>40\u201380<\/td><td>7,900\u201315,700<\/td><td>Stumps, brush, small trees<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Wood chipper<\/td><td>25\u201350<\/td><td>4,900\u20139,800<\/td><td>Logs, branches<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Hammer mill<\/td><td>60\u2013100<\/td><td>11,800\u201319,700<\/td><td>Grain, biomass, recycling<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Knife shredder<\/td><td>15\u201335<\/td><td>2,950\u20136,900<\/td><td>Plastics, paper, wood waste<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Flail mower<\/td><td>50\u201370<\/td><td>9,800\u201313,800<\/td><td>Grass, light vegetation<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Example \u2014 Forestry Mulcher<\/div>\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> Rotor diameter D = 600 mm, Speed = 2000 RPM<\/p>\n                <p>v<sub>tip<\/sub> = \u03c0 \u00d7 600 \u00d7 2000 \/ (60 \u00d7 1000) = <strong>62.83 m\/s<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>In ft\/min: 62.83 \u00d7 196.85 = <strong>12,374 ft\/min<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>In km\/h: 62.83 \u00d7 3.6 = <strong>226.2 km\/h<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>Centrifugal accel: v\u00b2 \/ (R \u00d7 g) = 62.83\u00b2 \/ (0.3 \u00d7 9.81) = <strong>1,341 g<\/strong><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"vc-warning-box\">\n                <p style=\"margin:0;font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);\"><strong>\u26a0\ufe0f Safety:<\/strong> At high tip speeds, centrifugal forces on tools and fasteners become extreme. Always verify that hammer pins, bolts, and welds can withstand the calculated forces with adequate safety margins.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Related Calculators -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/hammer-centrifugal-force\/\">Hammer Centrifugal Force<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/hammer-mill-balance\/\">Hammer Mill Balance<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/lifecycle-cost-calculator\/\">Lifecycle Cost (LCC)<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/residual-unbalance-iso1940\/\">Residual Unbalance (ISO 1940)<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Promo -->\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>\n        Professional rotor balancing for mulchers, shredders, and industrial equipment. Reduce vibration, extend tool life. Used in 50+ countries.\n    <\/div>\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Footer -->\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Tip speed calculator for mulchers, shredders, and rotors. Last updated: February 2025<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\n        <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function() {\n    'use strict';\n\n    var SLUG = 'tip-speed-mulcher';\n    var unitSystem = 'metric';\n    var MM2IN = 1 \/ 25.4;\n\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\n    function fmt(n, d) { if(isNaN(n)) return '\u2014'; var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,''); }\n\n    var ranges = [\n        { name: 'Mulcher', min: 40, max: 80, color: '#2a7a4b' },\n        { name: 'Chipper', min: 25, max: 50, color: '#2a5c8c' },\n        { name: 'Hammer mill', min: 60, max: 100, color: '#c85a2a' },\n        { name: 'Knife shredder', min: 15, max: 35, color: '#8a857e' },\n        { name: 'Flail mower', min: 50, max: 70, color: '#a67c00' }\n    ];\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 CALCULATION \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function calculate() {\n        var diaVal = parseFloat($('vc-diameter').value);\n        var rpm = parseFloat($('vc-rpm').value);\n\n        if (!diaVal || diaVal <= 0 || !rpm || rpm <= 0) {\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\n            return;\n        }\n\n        \/\/ Convert to mm if imperial (input in inches)\n        var diaMM = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? diaVal \/ MM2IN : diaVal;\n\n        \/\/ Tip speed in m\/s\n        var vTip = Math.PI * diaMM * rpm \/ (60 * 1000);\n        var vFtMin = vTip * 196.85;\n        var vKmh = vTip * 3.6;\n\n        \/\/ Centrifugal acceleration at tip (v\u00b2\/r) in g\n        var R = diaMM \/ 2000; \/\/ radius in meters\n        var accelG = (vTip * vTip) \/ (R * 9.81);\n\n        \/\/ Display\n        if (unitSystem === 'imperial') {\n            $('vc-r-tipspeed').innerHTML = fmt(vFtMin, 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">ft\/min<\/span>';\n        } else {\n            $('vc-r-tipspeed').innerHTML = fmt(vTip, 2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">m\/s<\/span>';\n        }\n        $('vc-r-ftmin').innerHTML = fmt(vFtMin, 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">ft\/min<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-kmh').innerHTML = fmt(vKmh, 1) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">km\/h<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-accel').innerHTML = fmt(accelG, 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u00d7 g<\/span>';\n\n        \/\/ Range comparison\n        var rangeText = '';\n        ranges.forEach(function(rng) {\n            if (vTip >= rng.min && vTip <= rng.max) {\n                rangeText += (rangeText ? ', ' : '') + rng.name + ' range';\n            }\n        });\n        if (!rangeText) {\n            if (vTip < 15) rangeText = 'Below typical ranges';\n            else if (vTip > 100) rangeText = 'Above typical ranges';\n            else rangeText = 'Between typical ranges';\n        }\n        $('vc-r-range').innerHTML = '<span style=\"font-size:16px\">' + rangeText + '<\/span>';\n\n        \/\/ Draw range bars\n        var barsHtml = '';\n        var maxV = 120;\n        ranges.forEach(function(rng) {\n            var left = (rng.min \/ maxV * 100);\n            var width = ((rng.max - rng.min) \/ maxV * 100);\n            var marker = Math.min(vTip \/ maxV * 100, 100);\n            barsHtml += '<div class=\"vc-range-bar\">' +\n                '<div class=\"vc-range-label\">' + rng.name + ' (' + rng.min + '\u2013' + rng.max + ' m\/s)<\/div>' +\n                '<div class=\"vc-range-track\">' +\n                '<div class=\"vc-range-fill\" style=\"left:' + left + '%;width:' + width + '%;background:' + rng.color + ';opacity:0.3;\"><\/div>' +\n                '<div class=\"vc-range-marker\" style=\"left:' + marker + '%;background:' + rng.color + ';\"><\/div>' +\n                '<\/div><\/div>';\n        });\n        $('vc-range-bars').innerHTML = barsHtml;\n\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n        \/\/ URL params\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\n        u.searchParams.set('d', $('vc-diameter').value);\n        u.searchParams.set('rpm', rpm);\n        u.searchParams.set('sys', unitSystem);\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\n\n        saveHistory({\n            diameter: $('vc-diameter').value,\n            rpm: rpm,\n            _summary: 'D=' + $('vc-diameter').value + (unitSystem === 'imperial' ? ' in' : ' mm') + ', ' + rpm + ' RPM \u2192 ' + fmt(vTip, 1) + ' m\/s'\n        });\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 UNIT TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var unitBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.vc-unit-btn');\n    unitBtns.forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.remove('vc-active'); });\n            this.classList.add('vc-active');\n            unitSystem = this.getAttribute('data-system');\n            $('vc-dia-hint').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(in \u2014 to blade tip)' : '(mm \u2014 to blade tip)';\n            try { localStorage.setItem('vc_units_ts', unitSystem); } catch(e) {}\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 PRESETS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            var d = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-d'));\n            $('vc-diameter').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? fmt(d * MM2IN, 2) : d;\n            $('vc-rpm').value = this.getAttribute('data-r');\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 AUTO-CALCULATE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COPY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\n        var text = 'Tip Speed Calculation\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'Diameter: ' + $('vc-diameter').value + (unitSystem === 'imperial' ? ' in' : ' mm') + '\\n' +\n            'Speed: ' + $('vc-rpm').value + ' RPM\\n' +\n            'Tip speed: ' + $('vc-r-tipspeed').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'ft\/min: ' + $('vc-r-ftmin').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'km\/h: ' + $('vc-r-kmh').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Centrifugal: ' + $('vc-r-accel').textContent + '\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'vibromera.eu\/calculators\/tip-speed-mulcher\/';\n\n        if (navigator.clipboard) {\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function() {\n                var btn = $('vc-copy-btn');\n                btn.classList.add('vc-copied');\n                btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\n                setTimeout(function() {\n                    btn.classList.remove('vc-copied');\n                    btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';\n                }, 2000);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            var section = this.closest('.vc-section');\n            var isOpen = section.classList.contains('vc-open');\n            section.classList.toggle('vc-open');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isOpen);\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var faqData = [\n        { q: 'What is tip speed?', a: '<p>Tip speed (also called peripheral velocity) is the linear velocity at the outermost point of a rotating tool \u2014 the blade tip or hammer tip. It is the single most important parameter governing cutting performance, particle size, and energy consumption in size reduction equipment.<\/p><p>Formula: v = \u03c0 \u00d7 D \u00d7 n \/ 60, where D is diameter in meters and n is RPM.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'Why does tip speed matter for mulchers and shredders?', a: '<p>Tip speed directly determines:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Cut quality:<\/strong> Higher speed = finer particles and cleaner cuts<\/li><li><strong>Material throw:<\/strong> Material ejection distance increases with tip speed<\/li><li><strong>Power consumption:<\/strong> Power is proportional to v\u00b3 (cube of velocity)<\/li><li><strong>Tool wear:<\/strong> Abrasive wear increases sharply with tip speed<\/li><\/ul><p>Too low: poor cutting, material wrapping around rotor. Too high: excessive wear, wasted energy, safety risks.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What is the optimal tip speed for mulching?', a: '<p>It depends on the material being processed:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Green vegetation:<\/strong> 30\u201350 m\/s<\/li><li><strong>Woody brush:<\/strong> 50\u201365 m\/s<\/li><li><strong>Stumps &amp; heavy timber:<\/strong> 60\u201380 m\/s<\/li><li><strong>Wood chipping (clean cuts):<\/strong> 25\u201340 m\/s<\/li><\/ul><p>Many mulchers operate at 50\u201365 m\/s as a compromise for mixed material.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'How does tip speed affect cut quality?', a: '<p>Higher tip speed generally produces finer particles and smoother cuts, but the relationship is complex:<\/p><ul><li>Particle size is also controlled by screen aperture size<\/li><li>Number of tools and their spacing affect cuts per revolution<\/li><li>Feed rate vs. rotor speed ratio determines chip thickness<\/li><li>Beyond optimal speed, no further quality improvement \u2014 only more wear<\/li><\/ul>' },\n        { q: 'What are the safety considerations for high tip speeds?', a: '<p>High tip speeds create extreme forces and hazards:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Centrifugal force:<\/strong> At 80 m\/s, a 2 kg hammer on R=300mm experiences ~4,350 g \u2014 over 85 kN of force on the retaining pin<\/li><li><strong>Projectile risk:<\/strong> Thrown objects can reach tip speed \u2014 225+ km\/h<\/li><li><strong>Tool retention:<\/strong> Pins, bolts, and welds must be rated for centrifugal + impact loads<\/li><li><strong>Rotor balance:<\/strong> High-speed rotors require dynamic balancing to G6.3 or better<\/li><li><strong>Guard integrity:<\/strong> Housing must contain thrown tools and material<\/li><\/ul>' }\n    ];\n\n    var faqList = $('vc-faq-list');\n    faqData.forEach(function(faq) {\n        faqList.innerHTML += '<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>' + faq.q + '<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">' + faq.a + '<\/div><\/div><\/div>';\n    });\n    faqList.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n        var btn = e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');\n        if (!btn) return;\n        btn.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 HISTORY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function saveHistory(entry) {\n        var key = 'vc_history_' + SLUG;\n        var arr = [];\n        try { arr = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key)) || []; } catch(e) {}\n        entry._ts = new Date().toISOString();\n        arr.unshift(entry);\n        if (arr.length > 10) arr = arr.slice(0, 10);\n        try { localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(arr)); } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 URL PARAMS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function loadParams() {\n        var p = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n        if (p.get('d')) $('vc-diameter').value = p.get('d');\n        if (p.get('rpm')) $('vc-rpm').value = p.get('rpm');\n        if (p.get('sys')) {\n            unitSystem = p.get('sys');\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-system') === unitSystem); });\n            $('vc-dia-hint').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(in \u2014 to blade tip)' : '(mm \u2014 to blade tip)';\n        }\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 KATEX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function renderFormulas() {\n        try {\n            katex.render('v_{tip} = \\\\frac{\\\\pi \\\\times D \\\\times n}{60 \\\\times 1000} \\\\quad [m\/s]', $('vc-katex-1'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('a = \\\\frac{v_{tip}^2}{R} \\\\quad \\\\Rightarrow \\\\quad \\\\frac{a}{g} = \\\\frac{v_{tip}^2}{R \\\\times 9.81} \\\\quad [\\\\times g]', $('vc-katex-2'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n        } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 INIT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function init() {\n        try {\n            var saved = localStorage.getItem('vc_units_ts');\n            if (saved === 'imperial') {\n                unitSystem = 'imperial';\n                unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-system') === 'imperial'); });\n                $('vc-dia-hint').textContent = '(in \u2014 to blade tip)';\n            }\n        } catch(e) {}\n\n        loadParams();\n        renderFormulas();\n        calculate();\n    }\n\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\n    } else {\n        init();\n    }\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Free online tip speed calculator for mulchers, shredders, chippers, and hammer mills. Enter rotor diameter and RPM to get tip speed in m\/s, ft\/min, km\/h with comparison to typical operating ranges.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100262","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100757,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100262\/revisions\/100757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}