{"id":112,"date":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/glossary\/electrical-unbalance\/"},"modified":"2026-05-29T15:58:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T15:58:09","slug":"electrical-unbalance","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/glossary\/electrical-unbalance\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je elektrick\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost? F\u00e1zov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost v motorech"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pochopen\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti<\/h1>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Kompletn\u00ed\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP\u0159enosn\u00fd vyva\u017eova\u010d a analyz\u00e1tor vibrac\u00ed Balanset-1A<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>1,975.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Sn\u00edma\u010d\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00edly<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSn\u00edma\u010d vibrac\u00ed<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>90.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Optick\u00fd\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00edly<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOptick\u00fd senzor (laserov\u00fd ot\u00e1\u010dkom\u011br)<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>124.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Sada\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBalanset-4<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>6,803.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Magnetick\u00e1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00edly<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMagnetick\u00fd stojan Insize-60 kgf<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>46.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Reflexn\u00ed\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00edly<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReflexn\u00ed p\u00e1ska<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>10.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Obsah\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDynamick\u00fd vyva\u017eova\u010d \"Balanset-1A\" OEM<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>1,735.00<\/span> + DPH (pokud se uplat\u0148uje)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>P\u0159idat do ko\u0161\u00edku<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n

Elektrick\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost<\/strong> \u2014 tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd f\u00e1zov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost<\/strong>, f\u00e1zov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost<\/strong>, nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost<\/strong> nebo proudov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost<\/strong> \u2014 je stav v t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00e9 soustav\u011b, kdy nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo proudy ve t\u0159ech f\u00e1z\u00edch nejsou stejn\u011b velk\u00e9 nebo nejsou od sebe vzd\u00e1leny p\u0159esn\u011b o 120 elektrick\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f. Tato asymetrie, a\u0165 ji\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed z nap\u00e1jen\u00ed nebo z vinut\u00ed motor<\/a> vinut\u00ed, zp\u016fsobuje nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 elektromagnetick\u00e9 s\u00edly, nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vinut\u00ed, proudy zp\u011btn\u00e9 posloupnosti, pulzace to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu a charakteristick\u00e9 vibrace<\/a> at twice the frekvence s\u00edt\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Co d\u011bl\u00e1 elektrickou nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost z\u00e1ludnou, je p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd p\u00e1kov\u00fd efekt: i mal\u00e1 nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost 2\u20133 % m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit proudovou nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost \u0161est a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ti\u0161e sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost motoru, tepelnou rezervu a \u017eivotnost izolace. Jde o jeden z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u2014 a nejp\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u2014 probl\u00e9m\u016f v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch provozech, vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed z probl\u00e9m\u016f s dod\u00e1vkou elekt\u0159iny, nedostate\u010dnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozvodnou s\u00edt\u00ed nebo z\u00e1vadami samotn\u00e9ho motoru. Proto\u017ee vibra\u010dn\u00ed signatura sd\u00edl\u00ed frekvence s n\u011bkolika skute\u010dn\u011b mechanick\u00fdmi z\u00e1vadami, je to tak\u00e9 jeden z nej\u010dast\u011bji chybn\u011b diagnostikovan\u00fdch stav\u016f, s nimi\u017e se t\u00fdm \u00fadr\u017eby setk\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

1. Co je f\u00e1zov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost? Nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1, proudov\u00e1 a f\u00e1zov\u011b-\u00fahlov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost<\/h2>\n

“F\u00e1zov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost” je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo v provozu pro tent\u00fd\u017e stav a vyskytuje se ve t\u0159ech odli\u0161n\u00fdch, av\u0161ak vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch form\u00e1ch. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, co p\u0159esn\u011b m\u011b\u0159\u00edte: nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, kterou nap\u00e1jen\u00ed uvaluje na motor, zat\u00edmco proudov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost je zes\u00edlen\u00e1 effect<\/em> reakce, kterou motor v d\u016fsledku toho trp\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nesymetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost je nerovnost t\u0159\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi f\u00e1zemi (nebo mezi f\u00e1z\u00ed a nulou). M\u011b\u0159\u00ed se ode\u010dten\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi ka\u017edou dvojic\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed \u2014 AB, BC a CA \u2014 a vyjad\u0159uje se v procentech podle definice NEMA: % nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti nap\u011bt\u00ed = (maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylka od pr\u016fm\u011bru \u00f7 pr\u016fm\u011br) \u00d7 100<\/strong>. Jako pracovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad: f\u00e1ze 477 V, 480 V a 483 V maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br 480 V; maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylka je 3 V, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost 0.625 %. NEMA MG-1 pova\u017euje v\u0161e pod 1 % za p\u0159ijateln\u00e9, zat\u00edmco praxe IEC toleruje a\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 %. Nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost je parametr, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba sledovat jako prvn\u00ed, proto\u017ee je vstupn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161eho, co n\u00e1sleduje.<\/p>\n

Nesymetrie proudu<\/h3>\n

Proudov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost je nerovnost t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1zov\u00fdch proud\u016f (IA<\/sub>, IB<\/sub>, IC<\/sub>), m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 kle\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdm amp\u00e9rmetrem a vypo\u010dten\u00e1 podle stejn\u00e9ho vzorce maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylky. Hlavn\u00ed skute\u010dnost o proudov\u00e9 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti je jej\u00ed citlivost: proto\u017ee z\u00e1pornosekven\u010dn\u00ed impedance motoru je n\u00edzk\u00e1, m\u00edrn\u00e1 nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost se zes\u00edl\u00ed do proudov\u00e9 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161estkr\u00e1t a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>. Sotva patrn\u00e1 nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost 1 % se proto m\u016f\u017ee projevit jako proudov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost 6\u201310 % \u2014 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je proud citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a pro\u010d rostouc\u00ed proudov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost p\u0159i jinak stabiln\u00edm nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ukazuje na rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se poruchu uvnit\u0159 motoru.<\/p>\n

Nesymetrie f\u00e1zov\u00e9ho \u00fahlu<\/h3>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed forma je \u00fahlov\u00e1: t\u0159i f\u00e1zory ji\u017e nejsou odd\u011bleny p\u0159esn\u011b o 120\u00b0, i kdy\u017e jsou jejich velikosti stejn\u00e9. To je m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 ne\u017e nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost velikosti a nelze to zjistit jednoduch\u00fdm voltmetrem \u2014 je k tomu pot\u0159eba analyz\u00e1tor kvality nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, kter\u00fd rozli\u0161\u00ed vztahy mezi f\u00e1zory. \u00dahlov\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost zp\u016fsobuje stejn\u00fd pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed moment a dodate\u010dn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jako nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost velikosti a ob\u011b se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

2. Jak elektrick\u00e1 nerovnov\u00e1ha vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 vibrace v motorech<\/h2>\n

Spojitost mezi elektrickou asymetri\u00ed a mechanickou vibrac\u00ed vede p\u0159es magnetick\u00e9 pole vzduchov\u00e9 mezery. Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd stroj m\u00e1 hladk\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed se pole a radi\u00e1ln\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 s\u00edly se s\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed do st\u00e1l\u00e9ho, symetrick\u00e9ho tahu. Nerovnov\u00e1ha naru\u0161uje tuto symetrii a zav\u00e1d\u00ed negative-sequence<\/em> slo\u017eku \u2014 pole rotuj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u011btn\u011b v\u016f\u010di hlavn\u00edmu poli \u2014 kter\u00e9 se proti n\u011bmu bijou a moduluj\u00ed magnetickou s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

Dominantn\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem je vibrace v dvojn\u00e1sobek s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 frekvence<\/strong>: 100 Hz p\u0159i nap\u00e1jen\u00ed 50 Hz nebo 120 Hz p\u0159i nap\u00e1jen\u00ed 60 Hz. Tato slo\u017eka 2\u00d7 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 frekvence m\u00e1 \u010dist\u011b elektromagnetick\u00fd p\u016fvod \u2014 je to pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e1 s\u00edla p\u0159es vzduchov\u00e1 mezera<\/a>, ne mechanick\u00e1 s\u00edla z ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed se hmoty. Jej\u00ed amplituda je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 stupni nerovnov\u00e1hy, tak\u017ee zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se nap\u00e1jen\u00ed nebo rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se chyba vinut\u00ed se projevuj\u00ed jako postupn\u011b se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed vrchol 100\/120 Hz v spektrum<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1, jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed charakteristika se objevuje v 1\u00d7 ot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 frekvence<\/strong>, modulovan\u00e1 frekvenc\u00ed klouz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00f3l\u016f (po\u010dtem p\u00f3l\u016f vyn\u00e1soben\u00fdm frekvenc\u00ed klouz\u00e1n\u00ed). Tato modulace klouz\u00e1n\u00edm p\u00f3l\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1sy kolem vrcholu ot\u00e1\u010dek a je klasick\u00fdm \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c rotorov\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou zlomen\u00e9 rotorov\u00e9 ty\u010de<\/a>. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed t\u011bchto bo\u010dn\u00edch p\u00e1s\u016f je to, co analytikovi umo\u017e\u0148uje odli\u0161it nerovnov\u00e1hu na stran\u011b nap\u00e1jen\u00ed od chyby zak\u00f3dovan\u00e9 v rotoru.<\/p>\n

3. Rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi elektrickou a mechanickou nerovnov\u00e1hou<\/h2>\n

Proto\u017ee elektromagnetick\u00e1 slo\u017eka 2\u00d7 pracovn\u00ed frekvence s\u00edt\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed velmi bl\u00edzko dvojn\u00e1sobku ot\u00e1\u010dek na dvoup\u00f3lov\u00e9m motoru, je rutinn\u011b zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na s mechanick\u00fdmi chybami, jako jsou nesouosost<\/a> nebo v\u016fle, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 generuj\u00ed energii 2\u00d7 ot\u00e1\u010dek h\u0159\u00eddele. Jejich rozli\u0161en\u00ed je jedin\u00fdm neju\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm diagnostick\u00fdm dovednost\u00ed pro vibraci motor\u016f a existuj\u00ed dva spolehliv\u00e9 testy.<\/p>\n

The first is p\u0159esnost frekvence<\/strong>. Elektrick\u00e1 slo\u017eka je v\u00e1z\u00e1na na s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd kmito\u010det p\u0159esn\u011b<\/em> 100 Hz nebo 120 Hz, zat\u00edmco mechanick\u00e1 slo\u017eka 2\u00d7 le\u017e\u00ed na dvojn\u00e1sobku skute\u010dn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed rychlosti \u2014 kter\u00e1 je v d\u016fsledku skluzu asynchronn\u00edho motoru v\u017edy m\u00edrn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobek synchronn\u00ed rychlosti. P\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u00e9m spektr\u00e1ln\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00ed se vrcholy odd\u011bl\u00ed: vrchol v\u00e1zan\u00fd na s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd kmito\u010det, kter\u00fd se nem\u011bn\u00ed se zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, je elektrick\u00fd; vrchol sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010dky h\u0159\u00eddele je mechanick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd \u2014 a nejpr\u016fkazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2014 je power-off test<\/strong>. Sledujte podez\u0159el\u00fd vrchol v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a odpojte motor od nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 slo\u017eka okam\u017eit\u011b zmiz\u00ed<\/em> p\u0159i vypnut\u00ed, proto\u017ee magnetick\u00e1 bud\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edla zanikne v okam\u017eiku p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed proudu, zat\u00edmco mechanick\u00e1 slo\u017eka sl\u00e1bne postupn\u011b, jak rotor dob\u00edh\u00e1. Tento test okam\u017eit\u00e9ho vymizen\u00ed je klasick\u00fdm a jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem potvrzen\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a nevy\u017eaduje nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e \u017eiv\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed spektra a tla\u010d\u00edtko stop.<\/p>\n

4. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny elektrick\u00e9 nev\u00fdvahy<\/h2>\n

Zdroje nev\u00fdvahy lze p\u0159irozen\u011b rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed vrstev, postupuj\u00edc\u00ed od s\u00edt\u011b sm\u011brem dovnit\u0159 stroje.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my s dod\u00e1vkami energi\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Na stran\u011b nap\u00e1jen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 nev\u00fdvaha nej\u010dast\u011bji z d\u016fvodu nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch distribu\u010dn\u00edch transform\u00e1tor\u016f, velk\u00fdch jednof\u00e1zov\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch na jednu f\u00e1zi t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, nestejn\u00e9 impedance dlouh\u00fdch veden\u00ed nebo poruchov\u00fdch stav\u016f v distribu\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. V\u00fdsledkem je nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nev\u00fdvaha p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vstupem energie do budovy; diagnostikuje se m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na vstupu do objektu.<\/p>\n

Rozvod elekt\u0159iny v objektu<\/h3>\n

Uvnit\u0159 provozu jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami: spojen\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm p\u0159echodov\u00fdm odporem v jedn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, p\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdpadek f\u00e1ze, nestejn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky kabel\u016f vedouc\u00ed k rozd\u00edln\u00fdm impedanc\u00edm vodi\u010d\u016f nebo \u2014 v krajn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u2014 jednof\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed, tedy \u00fapln\u00fd v\u00fdpadek jedn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze. Uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 \u010di zkorodovan\u00e1 svorka je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejsn\u00e1ze odstraniteln\u00fdm zdrojem nev\u00fdvahy a projevuje se zpravidla jako nev\u00fdvaha, kter\u00e1 se se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed zhor\u0161uje, proto\u017ee se spoj zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny v motoru<\/h3>\n

Je-li nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159eno jako vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9, ale proud vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd nen\u00ed, le\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1vada uvnit\u0159 motoru. Zkraty mezi z\u00e1vity sni\u017euj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f v jedn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi; v\u00fdrobn\u00ed tolerance mohou zp\u016fsobit m\u00edrn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly odpor\u016f vinut\u00ed; svorky degraduj\u00ed; a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zkraty nebo p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed v po\u0161kozen\u00e9m vinut\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enou asymetrii \u2014 to v\u0161e se p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 s rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1vady vinut\u00ed statoru<\/a>. Excentricita vzduchov\u00e9 mezery \u2014 rotor nevyst\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd v otvoru statoru \u2014 je p\u0159\u00edbuznou elektromagnetickou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed nevyv\u00e1\u017eenou magnetickou ta\u017enou s\u00edlu a \u010dasto doprov\u00e1z\u00ed probl\u00e9my s vinut\u00edm.<\/p>\n

5. Vliv na v\u00fdkon motoru<\/h2>\n

P\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fsledkem a mechanismem, j\u00edm\u017e nev\u00fdvaha motory ni\u010d\u00ed. Asymetrie vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 proudy zp\u011btn\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 teplo, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jedna f\u00e1ze nese v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed proud, ne\u017e pro kter\u00fd byla dimenzov\u00e1na. N\u00e1r\u016fst teploty je ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b: podle zaveden\u00fdch pravidel m\u016f\u017ee 3% nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nev\u00fdvaha zp\u016fsobit vzr\u016fst teploty vinut\u00ed o 18\u201325 %. Proto\u017ee \u017eivotnost izolace se zhruba halvuje na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 \u00b0C p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 teploty, v\u00fdsledkem je rychl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed izolace a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 porucha \u2014 3% nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nev\u00fdvaha m\u016f\u017ee zkr\u00e1tit \u017eivotnost motoru a\u017e na polovinu.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinnost, \u00fa\u010din\u00edk a n\u00e1klady na energii<\/h3>\n

Nev\u00fdvaha sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm cirkula\u010dn\u00edch proud\u016f a proud\u016f zp\u011btn\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 nevykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci, zhor\u0161uje \u00fa\u010din\u00edk a zvy\u0161uje celkovou spot\u0159ebu energie \u2014 typick\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 nev\u00fdvaha znamen\u00e1 ztr\u00e1tu \u00fa\u010dinnosti 1\u20132 %. Zv\u00fd\u0161enou spot\u0159ebu je snadn\u00e9 podce\u0148ovat p\u0159i celoro\u010dn\u00edm nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9m provozu; Kalkula\u010dka v\u00fdkonu t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00e9ho motoru<\/a> pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vy\u010d\u00edslit dodate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkon, kter\u00fd nev\u00fdvaha ma\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pulzace to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu a vibrace<\/h3>\n

Z elektrick\u00e9ho hlediska vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pole zp\u011btn\u00e9 slo\u017eky pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed to\u010div\u00fd moment na dvojn\u00e1sobku s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho kmito\u010dtu, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 torzn\u00ed vibrace<\/a> v pohonn\u00e9m \u00fastroj\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee vzbudit torzn\u00ed rezonance<\/a>. V radi\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru se stejn\u00e1 bud\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edla projevuje jako vibrace 100\/120 Hz popsan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e, jejich\u017e amplituda je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 m\u00ed\u0159e nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti a kter\u00e1 se snadno zam\u011b\u0148uje s poruchami statoru nebo magnetick\u00fdm tahem, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny tyto jevy se vyskytuj\u00ed na stejn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu<\/h3>\n

Celkov\u011b vzato tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed zkracuje \u017eivotnost izolace a nut\u00ed motor pracovat pod jmenovit\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem uveden\u00fdm na \u0161t\u00edtku. NEMA se t\u00edm p\u0159\u00edmo zab\u00fdv\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm derating curve<\/strong>: p\u0159i nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 nesymetrii nad 1 % mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyu\u017eiteln\u00fd v\u00fdkon motoru sn\u00ed\u017een, a p\u0159i nesymetrii 5 % \u010dinitel sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu kles\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na 0,75 \u2014 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dtvrtina jmenovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu motoru je ob\u011btov\u00e1na pouze proto, aby z\u016fstal v mez\u00edch tepeln\u00e9 \u00fanosnosti.<\/p>\n

6. Limity NEMA a IEC pro nap\u011b\u0165ovou a proudovou nesymetrii<\/h2>\n

Dv\u011b normy vymezuj\u00ed p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 meze a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 definice, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b uv\u00e9st, kter\u00e9 definici p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1.<\/p>\n

NEMA MG-1<\/strong> definuje nap\u011b\u0165ovou nesymetrii jako maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylku od pr\u016fm\u011bru d\u011blenou pr\u016fm\u011brem (vzorec pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v cel\u00e9m tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku) a doporu\u010duje provozovat motory na nap\u00e1jec\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch s nesymetri\u00ed nejv\u00fd\u0161e 1% nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 nesymetrie<\/strong>. Nad touto hranic\u00ed NEMA vy\u017eaduje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu motoru podle jeho zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 k\u0159ivky; v\u00fdslovn\u011b nedoporu\u010duje proti<\/em> provozovat motor v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kde nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 nesymetrie p\u0159esahuje 5 %.<\/p>\n

IEC<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 definici na z\u00e1klad\u011b symetrick\u00fdch slo\u017eek \u2014 pom\u011br nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 slo\u017eky k nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 slo\u017eky \u2014 a obecn\u011b toleruje a\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2%<\/strong> p\u0159i trval\u00e9m provozu. Pro mal\u00e9 nesymetrie, jak\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed v praxi, ob\u011b definice d\u00e1vaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 hodnoty, av\u0161ak p\u0159i protokolov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ej\u00edmac\u00edch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, kter\u00e1 z nich je uvedena.<\/p>\n

Pro proud neexistuje jedin\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed limit, ale hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 provozn\u00ed pravidlo doporu\u010duje udr\u017eovat proudovou nesymetrii pod hodnotou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10%<\/strong>, p\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed zah\u00e1jit \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a cokoli nad tuto mez pova\u017eovat za vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed poruchu. Vzhledem k \u0161esti- a\u017e desetin\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu zes\u00edlen\u00ed je udr\u017een\u00ed nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 nesymetrie pod c\u00edlov\u00fdm limitem NEMA 1 % nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak udr\u017eet proudovou nesymetrii v tomto p\u00e1smu. Kalkula\u010dka proudu na typov\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtku motoru<\/a> ud\u00e1v\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd proud pln\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ka\u017edou f\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n

7. Detekce a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu<\/h3>\n

Za\u010dn\u011bte elektrick\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi za chodu motoru p\u0159i jeho norm\u00e1ln\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Ode\u010dt\u011bte t\u0159i sdru\u017een\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed na svork\u00e1ch motoru<\/em> \u2014 nikoli na rozvad\u011b\u010di nap\u00e1jen\u00ed \u2014 aby byl zahrnut \u00fabytek nap\u011bt\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00edch vodi\u010d\u00edch, pot\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtejte pr\u016fm\u011br a procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylku. Pot\u00e9 prove\u010fte m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kle\u0161t\u011bmi ka\u017ed\u00e9ho f\u00e1zov\u00e9ho proudu a porovnejte s o\u010dek\u00e1vanou hodnotou jmenovit\u00fd proud pln\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/a>, a vypo\u010d\u00edtat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nev\u00fdvahu. Dokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed obou hodnot v \u010dase je to, co p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v indik\u00e1tor v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza vibrac\u00ed<\/h3>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed potvrzuje, zda elektrick\u00e1 nev\u00fdv\u00e1ha skute\u010dn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed na konstrukci a s jakou intenzitou. Zachy\u0165te spektrum<\/a> na r\u00e1mu motoru a hledejte zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd peak p\u0159esn\u011b na 100 Hz nebo 120 Hz, porovnejte jeho amplitudu s referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnotou stroje a pomoc\u00ed testu frekven\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159esnosti a testu po odpojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed z \u010d\u00e1sti 3 jej odli\u0161te od mechanick\u00e9 slo\u017eky 2\u00d7, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nevouosost\u00ed. Dvoukan\u00e1lov\u00fd analyz\u00e1tor vibrac\u00ed<\/a> s jemn\u00fdm frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00edm je t\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, proto\u017ee odd\u011blen\u00ed peaku na 100 Hz od mechanick\u00e9ho peaku na 98\u201399 Hz vy\u017eaduje rozli\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jednoduch\u00fd m\u011b\u0159i\u010d celkov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b poskytnout nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Tepeln\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Nakonec zm\u011b\u0159te teplotu vinut\u00ed nebo r\u00e1mu a hledejte teplotn\u00ed nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost mezi f\u00e1zemi nebo celkovou teplotu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Proto\u017ee teplo je mechanismus, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nev\u00fdv\u00e1ha zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed, tepeln\u00e1 anom\u00e1lie se \u010dasto projevuje soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s elektrick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky \u2014 nebo je dokonce p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n

8. Diagnostika pomoc\u00ed analyz\u00e1toru vibrac\u00ed<\/h2>\n

V provozu je elektrick\u00fd projev nev\u00fdv\u00e1hy definov\u00e1n svou p\u0159esnou frekvenc\u00ed sv\u00e1zanou se s\u00edt\u00ed a jej\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed je \u00fakolem p\u0159enosn\u00e9ho analyz\u00e1toru. Dvoukan\u00e1lov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj, jako je Balanset-1A<\/a> m\u011b\u0159\u00ed vibrace na r\u00e1mu motoru a ukazuje, zda dominantn\u00ed peak le\u017e\u00ed na frekvenci sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 se s\u00edt\u00ed 100 Hz nebo 120 Hz \u2014 co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed pro elektrickou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu \u2014 nebo na 2\u00d7 ot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 frekvenci, kter\u00e1 by naopak ukazovala na nevouosost. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm potvrzen\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 test po odpojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed: se \u017eiv\u00fdm spektrem na obrazovce odpojte nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a sledujte, zda podez\u0159el\u00fd peak okam\u017eit\u011b zmiz\u00ed \u2014 jde-li o elektrickou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu \u2014 nebo zda dozn\u00edv\u00e1 s rotorem, jde-li o mechanickou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu. Kalkula\u010dka frekvence elektrick\u00fdch z\u00e1vad motoru<\/a> uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 frekven\u010dn\u00ed slo\u017eky v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na s\u00ed\u0165 \u2014 2\u00d7 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 frekvence, postrann\u00ed p\u00e1sma proch\u00e1zen\u00ed p\u00f3l\u016f a slo\u017eky z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na skluzu \u2014 kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba hledat, a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje matouc\u00ed n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed spektrum v kontroln\u00ed seznam.<\/p>\n

9. Korekce, prevence a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Korekce nev\u00fdv\u00e1hy na stran\u011b nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Pokud je nev\u00fdv\u00e1ha p\u0159\u00edtomna na vstupu do objektu, obra\u0165te se na distributora elekt\u0159iny; jinak je z\u00e1vada v budovn\u00edm rozvodu. Zkontrolujte a dot\u00e1hn\u011bte ka\u017ed\u00fd spoj v rozvodn\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, ov\u011b\u0159te neporu\u0161enost pojistek a jisti\u010d\u016f, rovnom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159erozd\u011blte jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee mezi t\u0159i f\u00e1ze a zkontrolujte nastaven\u00ed odbo\u010dek transform\u00e1toru. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b velk\u00fd pod\u00edl nev\u00fdv\u00e1hy v z\u00e1vod\u011b nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e jeden uvoln\u011bn\u00fd nebo zoxidovan\u00fd kontakt s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm odporem ne\u017e okoln\u00ed spoje.<\/p>\n

Korekce probl\u00e9m\u016f na stran\u011b motoru<\/h3>\n

Pokud je nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159eno jako symetrick\u00e9, ale proud symetrick\u00fd nen\u00ed, nejprve vy\u010dist\u011bte a dot\u00e1hn\u011bte svorky motoru a kabelov\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, pot\u00e9 prove\u010fte zkou\u0161ku poruch vinut\u00ed pomoc\u00ed anal\u00fdzy izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu a proudov\u00e9ho podpisu. Potvrzen\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1vada vinut\u00ed znamen\u00e1 p\u0159evinut\u00ed nebo v\u00fdm\u011bnu motoru \u2014 zkrat mezi z\u00e1vity nelze v provozu opravit.<\/p>\n

Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu, instalace a pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Pokud nelze nev\u00fdv\u00e1hu odstranit, postupujte podle deratovac\u00ed k\u0159ivky NEMA a sni\u017ete zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, aby se chr\u00e1nilo vinut\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pe\u010dliv\u011b sledujte teplotu. Zabra\u0148te opakov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9mu p\u0159i instalaci ov\u011b\u0159en\u00edm symetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed na svork\u00e1ch motoru p\u0159ed zapnut\u00edm, dimenzov\u00e1n\u00edm vodi\u010d\u016f pro minimalizaci \u00fabytku nap\u011bt\u00ed a potvrzen\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zapojen\u00ed hv\u011bzda-troj\u00faheln\u00edk. V provozu pravideln\u011b ode\u010d\u00edtejte nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud a za\u010dle\u0148te je do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu<\/a> routine with anal\u00fdza trend\u016f<\/a>, sledujte p\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e9 pojistky nebo vybaven\u00e9 jisti\u010de a prove\u010fte anal\u00fdzu kvality elektrick\u00e9 energie v\u0161ude tam, kde se probl\u00e9my s motory opakuj\u00ed. P\u0159istupovat k nev\u00fdv\u00e1ze jako k parametru ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 nikoli jako k z\u00e1vad\u011b, kter\u00e1 se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed a\u017e po hav\u00e1rii \u2014 je to, co br\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edmu tich\u00e9mu zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotnosti cel\u00e9 populace motor\u016f.<\/p>\n

10. \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n

Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi nev\u00fdva\u017enost\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a nev\u00fdva\u017enost\u00ed proudu?<\/strong>
\nNev\u00fdva\u017enost nap\u011bt\u00ed je nerovnost t\u0159\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edch nap\u011bt\u00ed a je zpravidla p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou; nev\u00fdva\u017enost proudu je nerovnost t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1zov\u00fdch proud\u016f a je zesilovan\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem. Proto\u017ee impedance motoru v negativn\u00ed souslednosti je n\u00edzk\u00e1, mal\u00e1 nev\u00fdva\u017enost nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed nev\u00fdva\u017enost proudu \u0161est a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u2014 proto je proud citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm pro v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na jak\u00e9 frekvenci se elektrick\u00e1 nev\u00fdv\u00e1ha projevuje ve vibrac\u00edch?<\/strong>
\nV dvojn\u00e1sobku pracovn\u00ed frekvence s\u00edt\u011b \u2014 100 Hz na 50Hz nap\u00e1jen\u00ed nebo 120 Hz na 60Hz nap\u00e1jen\u00ed \u2014 proto\u017ee z\u00e1porn\u011b sekven\u010dn\u00ed pole moduluje magnetickou s\u00edlu vzduchov\u00e9 mezery v tomto tempu. Elektrick\u00e9 chyby souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s rotorem p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1sy kolem 1\u00d7 ot\u00e1\u010dek na frekvenci klouz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00f3l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak rozli\u0161uji elektrickou nerovnov\u00e1hu od mechanick\u00e9 nerovnov\u00e1hy nebo rozlad\u011bn\u00ed?<\/strong>
\nPou\u017eijte test bez nap\u00e1jen\u00ed: vypn\u011bte proud k b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edmu motoru p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed spektra. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 slo\u017eka zmiz\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b, zat\u00edmco mechanick\u00e1 se rozpadu, jakmile rotor zvol\u0148uje. Vrchol na p\u0159esn\u011b 100\/120 Hz v\u00e1zan\u00fd na s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00fd se nepohybuje se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed, je tak\u00e9 spolehliv\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm ukazatelem.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 asymetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed je p\u0159ijateln\u00e1?<\/strong>
\nNEMA MG-1 doporu\u010duje udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed asymetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed pod 1% a vy\u017eaduje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nad t\u00edm, nedoporu\u010duje provoz nad 5%. IEC, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 definici symetrick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, toleruje a\u017e asi 2%. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed asymetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed pod 1% je nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak udr\u017eet asymetrii proudu v b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m limitu 10% v provozu.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d mal\u00e1 asymetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje tolik oh\u0159evu?<\/strong>
\nAsymetrie vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed proudy z\u00e1porn\u00e9 sekvence, kter\u00e9 te\u010dou p\u0159es n\u00edzkou impedanci z\u00e1porn\u00e9 sekvence motoru, rozptyluj\u00ed extra teplo, zat\u00edmco jedna f\u00e1ze je p\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1na. 3% asymetrie nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it teplotu vinut\u00ed o 18\u201325% a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u017eivotnost izolace na polovinu.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017ee p\u0159enosn\u00fd vibra analiz\u00e1tor detekovat elektrickou nerovnov\u00e1hu?<\/strong>
\nAno. Dvoukan\u00e1lov\u00fd analyz\u00e1tor, jako je Balanset-1A, rozli\u0161\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dku sv\u00e1zanou se s\u00edt\u00ed 100\/120 Hz, umo\u017en\u00ed prov\u00e9st test p\u0159i vypnut\u00e9m nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a ode\u010dte postrann\u00ed p\u00e1sma pr\u016fchodu p\u00f3l\u016f, kter\u00e1 odli\u0161uj\u00ed nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost na stran\u011b nap\u00e1jen\u00ed od poruchy rotoru \u2014 a to v\u0161e bez samostatn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje pro kvalitu nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n

\u2190 Zp\u011bt na hlavn\u00ed index<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o elektrick\u00e9 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti, nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo proudu v t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00fdch motorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017eenou \u00fa\u010dinnost a vibrace p\u0159i 2n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 frekvenci s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109,111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","category-glossary","category-rotor-balancing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101554,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/112\/revisions\/101554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}