{"id":100024,"date":"2026-02-15T20:09:04","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100024"},"modified":"2026-07-11T19:03:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T19:03:34","slug":"bearing-modified-life-l10a","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/calculators\/bearing-modified-life-l10a\/","title":{"rendered":"Calculateur de dur\u00e9e nominale modifi\u00e9e des roulements | ISO 281"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Bearing Modified Rating Life Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"ISO 281 Bearing Life Calculator\",\"Lnm Rating Life Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Engineering calculator for bearing modified rating life Lnm per ISO 281:2007. Applies the ISO reliability factor a1 and a verified externally determined aISO factor to basic rating life.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-modified-life-l10a\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-11\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Ball and roller bearing support\",\"ISO 281:2007 reliability factors a1\",\"Externally determined aISO factor input\",\"Lnm in hours and revolutions\",\"Strict input validation\",\"Applicability warning\"],\"keywords\":\"bearing life, Lnm, ISO 281, modified rating life, reliability factor, aISO\"}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is bearing modified rating life Lnm?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as Lnm = a1 \u00d7 aISO \u00d7 L10. The subscript n is failure probability in percent, a1 corresponds to the selected reliability, and aISO must be determined from the ISO method or verified bearing-manufacturer data for the actual operating conditions.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between L10 and Lnm?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L10 is basic rating life at 90% reliability under the conventional conditions stated by ISO 281. Lnm is modified rating life after applying reliability factor a1 and the condition-dependent aISO factor. Neither is a guarantee of actual service life.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I choose the reliability factor a1?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Use the ISO 281:2007 factor for the required reliability: 1.00 at 90%, 0.64 at 95%, 0.55 at 96%, 0.47 at 97%, 0.37 at 98%, and 0.25 at 99%. Higher required reliability gives a lower rating life.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does the life exponent p mean?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The life exponent p is 3 for ball bearings and 10\/3 for roller bearings. It appears in the basic rating life formula L10 = (C\/P)^p and reflects the different contact geometry (point vs line contact).\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I obtain aISO?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Do not choose aISO from a generic clean or dirty label. Determine it with the ISO 281 method or verified bearing-manufacturer software or diagrams using the actual bearing type, viscosity ratio, contamination factor, fatigue load limit and equivalent load. 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background:var(--vc-accent-light); }\r\n\r\n.vc-promo { margin-top:24px; padding:20px; background:linear-gradient(135deg, var(--vc-accent-light), var(--vc-surface)); border:1px solid var(--vc-border); border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg); display:flex; align-items:center; gap:16px; }\r\n.vc-promo-text { flex:1; font-size:14px; color:var(--vc-ink-secondary); }\r\n.vc-promo-text strong { color:var(--vc-ink); }\r\n.vc-promo-link { padding:8px 20px; font-size:13px; font-weight:700; color:#fff; background:var(--vc-accent); border-radius:var(--vc-radius); text-decoration:none; white-space:nowrap; transition:background 0.15s; }\r\n.vc-promo-link:hover { background:var(--vc-accent-hover); }\r\n\r\n.vc-footer { text-align:center; padding:32px 16px; font-size:13px; color:var(--vc-ink-muted); }\r\n.vc-footer a { color:var(--vc-accent); text-decoration:none; }\r\n.vc-footer a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }\r\n.vc-footer-links { margin-top:8px; font-size:12px; }\r\n.vc-footer-links a { margin:0 8px; }\r\n\r\n@media print {\r\n    .vc-section-body { max-height:none!important; }\r\n    .vc-faq-a { max-height:none!important; }\r\n    .vc-results { max-height:none!important; padding:24px!important; }\r\n    .vc-copy-btn, .vc-section-chevron, .vc-faq-chevron, .vc-presets, .vc-promo { display:none!important; }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-bearing-life\">\r\n\r\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\r\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool #044<\/p>\r\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Bearing Modified Rating Life L<sub>nm<\/sub> Calculator<\/h1>\r\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate modified rating life L<sub>nm<\/sub> using ISO 281:2007 reliability factors and an a<sub>ISO<\/sub> value determined for the actual bearing and operating conditions.<\/p>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">ISO 281:2007<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Lnm Rating Life<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Ball &amp; Roller<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\r\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-C\">Dynamic Load Rating C <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(kN)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-C\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"e.g. 52.7 or 52,7\" value=\"52.7\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-P\">Equivalent Dynamic Load P <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(kN)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-P\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"e.g. 10 or 10,0\" value=\"10\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-speed\">Speed <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-speed\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1500 or 1500,0\" value=\"1500\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-type\">Bearing Type<\/label>\r\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-type\">\r\n                    <option value=\"ball\" selected>Ball bearing (p = 3)<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"roller\">Roller bearing (p = 10\/3)<\/option>\r\n                <\/select>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-a1\">Reliability Factor a<sub>1<\/sub><\/label>\r\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-a1\">\r\n                    <option value=\"1.00\" data-n=\"10\" selected>90% reliability \u2014 a1 = 1.00 \u2014 L10m<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"0.64\" data-n=\"5\">95% reliability \u2014 a1 = 0.64 \u2014 L5m<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"0.55\" data-n=\"4\">96% reliability \u2014 a1 = 0.55 \u2014 L4m<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"0.47\" data-n=\"3\">97% reliability \u2014 a1 = 0.47 \u2014 L3m<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"0.37\" data-n=\"2\">98% reliability \u2014 a1 = 0.37 \u2014 L2m<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"0.25\" data-n=\"1\">99% reliability \u2014 a1 = 0.25 \u2014 L1m<\/option>\r\n                <\/select>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-aiso\">Verified Life Modification Factor a<sub>ISO<\/sub> <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(from ISO\/manufacturer method)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-aiso\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"verified value, e.g. 1 or 1,0\" value=\"1\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"52.7\" data-p=\"10\" data-s=\"1500\" data-t=\"ball\" data-a1=\"1.00\" data-aiso=\"1\">Example A \u00b7 ball \u00b7 aISO 1<\/button>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"143\" data-p=\"25\" data-s=\"3000\" data-t=\"roller\" data-a1=\"1.00\" data-aiso=\"2\">Example B \u00b7 roller \u00b7 aISO 2<\/button>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"95.6\" data-p=\"15\" data-s=\"1000\" data-t=\"ball\" data-a1=\"0.64\" data-aiso=\"1.5\">Example C \u00b7 ball \u00b7 95% \u00b7 aISO 1.5<\/button>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"270\" data-p=\"50\" data-s=\"500\" data-t=\"roller\" data-a1=\"1.00\" data-aiso=\"3\">Example D \u00b7 roller \u00b7 aISO 3<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"vc-info-box\"><p><strong>a<sub>ISO<\/sub> is not estimated here.<\/strong> Obtain it for the actual bearing and duty from the ISO 281 method or verified manufacturer software\/diagrams using viscosity ratio, contamination, fatigue load limit and load. Generic labels such as \u201cclean oil\u201d are insufficient.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/form>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\r\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\r\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                Copy\r\n            <\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\" id=\"vc-r-lnm-label\">Modified Rating Life L10m<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10a-hrs\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Basic Life L10<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10-hrs\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">L10 (million revolutions)<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10-rev\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\" id=\"vc-r-lnm-rev-label\">L10m (million revolutions)<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10a-rev\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">C\/P Ratio<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-cp\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"vc-warning-box\" id=\"vc-domain-warning\" hidden><p><strong>Applicability warning:<\/strong> C\/P is below 2. Public manufacturer guidance states that conventional rating-life theory is no longer fully valid in this range. The mathematical result is shown, but bearing-specific guidance and a more complete analysis are required.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Theory -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\r\n            <h3>Basic Rating Life L<sub>10<\/sub><\/h3>\r\n            <p>Per ISO 281, the basic rating life in millions of revolutions is:<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\r\n            <ul>\r\n                <li><strong>C<\/strong> \u2014 basic dynamic load rating (kN)<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>P<\/strong> \u2014 equivalent dynamic bearing load (kN)<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>p<\/strong> \u2014 life exponent: 3 for ball bearings, 10\/3 for roller bearings<\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n\r\n            <h3>Modified Rating Life L<sub>nm<\/sub><\/h3>\r\n            <p>The ISO modified rating life applies the reliability factor a<sub>1<\/sub> and the condition-dependent factor a<sub>ISO<\/sub>:<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\r\n            <ul>\r\n                <li><strong>a<sub>1<\/sub><\/strong> \u2014 life adjustment factor for reliability (1.00 for 90%, 0.25 for 99% in ISO 281:2007)<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>a<sub>ISO<\/sub><\/strong> \u2014 life modification factor for lubrication, contamination, and fatigue load limit<\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n\r\n            <h3>Conversion to Hours<\/h3>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-3\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <h3>Reliability Factor a<sub>1<\/sub><\/h3>\r\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\r\n                <thead><tr><th>Reliability (%)<\/th><th>a<sub>1<\/sub><\/th><th>L<sub>n<\/sub> notation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n                <tbody>\r\n                    <tr><td>90<\/td><td>1.00<\/td><td>L<sub>10m<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\r\n                    <tr><td>95<\/td><td>0.64<\/td><td>L<sub>5m<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\r\n                    <tr><td>96<\/td><td>0.55<\/td><td>L<sub>4m<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\r\n                    <tr><td>97<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>L<sub>3m<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\r\n                    <tr><td>98<\/td><td>0.37<\/td><td>L<sub>2m<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\r\n                    <tr><td>99<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><td>L<sub>1m<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\r\n                <\/tbody>\r\n            <\/table>\r\n\r\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Worked example \u2014 stated rating and verified factors<\/div>\r\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> C = 52.7 kN, P = 10 kN, n = 1500 RPM, a<sub>1<\/sub> = 1.0, a<sub>ISO<\/sub> = 1.0<\/p>\r\n                <p>L<sub>10<\/sub> = (52.7 \/ 10)<sup>3<\/sup> = <strong>146.36 million rev<\/strong><\/p>\r\n                <p>L<sub>10h<\/sub> = 146.36 \u00d7 10<sup>6<\/sup> \/ (60 \u00d7 1500) = <strong>1,626 hours<\/strong><\/p>\r\n                <p>L<sub>10m<\/sub> = 1.0 \u00d7 1.0 \u00d7 1,626 = <strong>1,626 hours<\/strong><\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"vc-warning-box\">\r\n                <p style=\"margin:0;font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);\"><strong>\u26a0\ufe0f Scope:<\/strong> Modified rating life is a statistical fatigue rating, not guaranteed service life. ISO 281 does not cover wear, corrosion or electrical erosion. Values of a<sub>ISO<\/sub> above 50 are not accepted here because public manufacturer guidance states that such values are not meaningful for this simplified calculation.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Related -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bearing-static-load-rating\/\">Bearing Static Safety Factor<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bearing-equivalent-load\/\">Bearing Equivalent Load<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bearing-speed-factor\/\">Bearing Speed Factor n\u00d7dm<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bearing-relubrication-interval\/\">Relubrication Interval<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bearing-grease-quantity\/\">Grease Quantity<\/a>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- FAQ -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Promo -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\r\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\r\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>\r\n        Professional field balancing instruments and vibration analyzers. Monitor bearing condition on-site. Used in 50+ countries.\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\r\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132026 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\r\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Formula basis: ISO 281:2007. Scientific review: July 2026<\/p>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\r\n        <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/footer>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n    'use strict';\r\n\r\n    var SLUG = 'bearing-modified-life-l10a';\r\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\r\n    function fmt(n, d) { if(isNaN(n)||!isFinite(n)) return '\u2014'; var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,''); }\r\n    function fmtInt(n) { if(isNaN(n)||!isFinite(n)) return '\u2014'; return Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US'); }\r\n    function parseLocaleNumber(raw) {\r\n        var normalized = String(raw).trim().replace(\/\\s+\/g, '');\r\n        if (!\/^[+-]?(?:\\d+(?:[.,]\\d*)?|[.,]\\d+)$\/.test(normalized)) return NaN;\r\n        return Number(normalized.replace(',', '.'));\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function calculate() {\r\n        var C = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-C').value);\r\n        var P = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-P').value);\r\n        var speed = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-speed').value);\r\n        var bearingType = $('vc-type').value;\r\n        var p = bearingType === 'ball' ? 3 : bearingType === 'roller' ? (10\/3) : NaN;\r\n        var a1Raw = $('vc-a1').value;\r\n        var reliabilityMap = {'1.00':10, '0.64':5, '0.55':4, '0.47':3, '0.37':2, '0.25':1};\r\n        var lifeN = reliabilityMap[a1Raw];\r\n        var a1 = parseLocaleNumber(a1Raw);\r\n        var aiso = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-aiso').value);\r\n\r\n        if (!isFinite(C) || C <= 0 || !isFinite(P) || P <= 0 || !isFinite(speed) || speed <= 0 || !isFinite(p) || lifeN === undefined || !isFinite(aiso) || aiso <= 0 || aiso > 50) {\r\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\r\n            return;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var cp = C \/ P;\r\n        var L10_rev = Math.pow(cp, p); \/\/ million revolutions\r\n        var L10_hrs = L10_rev * 1e6 \/ (60 * speed);\r\n        var L10a_rev = a1 * aiso * L10_rev;\r\n        var L10a_hrs = a1 * aiso * L10_hrs;\r\n        if (![L10_rev, L10_hrs, L10a_rev, L10a_hrs].every(isFinite)) { $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible'); return; }\r\n        var notation = 'L' + lifeN + 'm';\r\n\r\n        $('vc-r-l10a-hrs').innerHTML = fmtInt(L10a_hrs) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">hours<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-l10-hrs').innerHTML = fmtInt(L10_hrs) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">hours<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-l10-rev').innerHTML = fmt(L10_rev, 1) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u00d710\u2076 rev<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-l10a-rev').innerHTML = fmt(L10a_rev, 1) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u00d710\u2076 rev<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-cp').innerHTML = fmt(cp, 2);\r\n        $('vc-r-lnm-label').textContent = 'Modified Rating Life ' + notation;\r\n        $('vc-r-lnm-rev-label').textContent = notation + ' (million revolutions)';\r\n        $('vc-domain-warning').hidden = cp >= 2;\r\n\r\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\r\n\r\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('C', C); u.searchParams.set('P', P); u.searchParams.set('speed', speed);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('type', bearingType); u.searchParams.set('a1', a1); u.searchParams.set('aiso', aiso);\r\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\r\n\r\n        saveHistory({ C:C, P:P, speed:speed, bearingType:bearingType, a1:a1, aiso:aiso, _summary:'C='+C+'kN, P='+P+'kN, n='+speed+' RPM \u2192 '+notation+'='+fmtInt(L10a_hrs)+' h' });\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Presets *\/\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\r\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\r\n            e.preventDefault();\r\n            $('vc-C').value = this.getAttribute('data-c');\r\n            $('vc-P').value = this.getAttribute('data-p');\r\n            $('vc-speed').value = this.getAttribute('data-s');\r\n            $('vc-type').value = this.getAttribute('data-t');\r\n            $('vc-a1').value = this.getAttribute('data-a1');\r\n            $('vc-aiso').value = this.getAttribute('data-aiso');\r\n            calculate();\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\r\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\r\n\r\n    \/* Copy *\/\r\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n        var text = 'Bearing Modified Rating Life (ISO 281:2007)\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\r\n            'C = ' + $('vc-C').value + ' kN\\nP = ' + $('vc-P').value + ' kN\\n' +\r\n            'Speed: ' + $('vc-speed').value + ' RPM\\n' +\r\n            'a1 = ' + $('vc-a1').value + ', aISO = ' + $('vc-aiso').value + '\\n' +\r\n            $('vc-r-lnm-label').textContent + ': ' + $('vc-r-l10a-hrs').textContent + '\\n' +\r\n            'L10: ' + $('vc-r-l10-hrs').textContent + '\\n' +\r\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nvibromera.eu';\r\n        if(navigator.clipboard){navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function(){\r\n            var b=$('vc-copy-btn');b.classList.add('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\r\n            setTimeout(function(){b.classList.remove('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';},2000);\r\n        });}\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* Sections *\/\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\r\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n            var s = this.closest('.vc-section'); s.classList.toggle('vc-open');\r\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', s.classList.contains('vc-open'));\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* FAQ *\/\r\n    var faqData = [\r\n        {q:'What is bearing modified rating life Lnm?',a:'<p>ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as L<sub>nm<\/sub> = a\u2081 \u00d7 a<sub>ISO<\/sub> \u00d7 L\u2081\u2080. The subscript n is failure probability in percent.<\/p><p>It is a statistical fatigue rating under the standard\u2019s conditions, not a guarantee of service life.<\/p>'},\r\n        {q:'What is the difference between L10 and Lnm?',a:'<p>L10 is basic rating life at 90% reliability under the conventional conditions stated by ISO 281. L<sub>nm<\/sub> applies the reliability factor a\u2081 and the condition-dependent a<sub>ISO<\/sub> factor.<\/p><p>Wear, corrosion and electrical erosion are outside ISO 281 rating-life scope.<\/p>'},\r\n        {q:'How do I choose the reliability factor a1?',a:'<p>Use the ISO 281:2007 factor for the required reliability:<\/p><ul><li>90%: 1.00<\/li><li>95%: 0.64<\/li><li>96%: 0.55<\/li><li>97%: 0.47<\/li><li>98%: 0.37<\/li><li>99%: 0.25<\/li><\/ul><p>Higher required reliability gives a lower rating life.<\/p>'},\r\n        {q:'What does the life exponent p mean?',a:'<p>The life exponent p is 3 for ball bearings and 10\/3 for roller bearings. It appears in the basic rating life formula L<sub>10<\/sub> = (C\/P)<sup>p<\/sup> and reflects the different contact geometry: point contact for balls, line contact for rollers.<\/p>'},\r\n        {q:'How do I obtain aISO?',a:'<p>Do not choose a<sub>ISO<\/sub> from a generic clean or dirty label. Determine it with the ISO 281 method or verified bearing-manufacturer software or diagrams for the exact bearing and operating conditions.<\/p><p>The determination uses bearing-specific and operating inputs such as viscosity ratio, contamination factor, fatigue load limit and equivalent load. This calculator only applies the supplied value.<\/p>'}\r\n    ];\r\n    var fl = $('vc-faq-list');\r\n    faqData.forEach(function(f){fl.innerHTML+='<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>'+f.q+'<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">'+f.a+'<\/div><\/div><\/div>';});\r\n    fl.addEventListener('click',function(e){var b=e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');if(b)b.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');});\r\n\r\n    \/* History *\/\r\n    function saveHistory(entry){var key='vc_history_'+SLUG;var arr=[];try{arr=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key))||[];}catch(e){}entry._ts=new Date().toISOString();arr.unshift(entry);if(arr.length>10)arr=arr.slice(0,10);try{localStorage.setItem(key,JSON.stringify(arr));}catch(e){}}\r\n\r\n    \/* URL Params *\/\r\n    function loadParams(){var p=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);['C','P','speed','type','a1','aiso'].forEach(function(k){if(p.has(k)){var el=$('vc-'+k);if(el)el.value=p.get(k);}});}\r\n\r\n    \/* KaTeX *\/\r\n    function renderFormulas(){try{\r\n        katex.render('L_{10} = \\\\left(\\\\frac{C}{P}\\\\right)^p \\\\quad [\\\\text{million revolutions}]', $('vc-katex-1'), {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});\r\n        katex.render('L_{nm} = a_1 \\\\times a_{ISO} \\\\times L_{10}', $('vc-katex-2'), {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});\r\n        katex.render('L_{10h} = \\\\frac{L_{10} \\\\times 10^6}{60 \\\\times n} \\\\quad [\\\\text{hours}]', $('vc-katex-3'), {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});\r\n    }catch(e){}}\r\n\r\n    function init(){loadParams();renderFormulas();calculate();}\r\n    if(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);}else{init();}\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calculateur en ligne gratuit pour la dur\u00e9e de vie nominale ajust\u00e9e des roulements L10a selon la norme ISO 281. Entrez la capacit\u00e9 de charge dynamique C, la charge \u00e9quivalente P, la vitesse, le facteur de fiabilit\u00e9 a1 et le facteur de lubrification pour calculer la dur\u00e9e de vie modifi\u00e9e du roulement.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100024","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102310,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100024\/revisions\/102310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}