{"id":20604,"date":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/glossary\/iso-17359\/"},"modified":"2026-07-03T11:08:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T11:08:29","slug":"iso-17359","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ml\/glossary\/iso-17359\/","title":{"rendered":"ISO 17359: General Guidelines for Condition Monitoring"},"content":{"rendered":"

ISO 17359: Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Machines \u2014 General Guidelines<\/h1>\n\t\t
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ISO 17359<\/strong> is the high-level “umbrella” standard for the entire field of machinery condition monitoring<\/a>. Rather than prescribing a single measurement technique, it lays out a strategic framework \u2014 a roadmap \u2014 for setting up and running a monitoring programme from first planning through to routine operation and review. It is deliberately technology-agnostic: it tells you how<\/em> and why<\/em> to build a programme, then points to the more specific standards that govern each individual technology, such as ISO 13373-1<\/a> for vibration analysis<\/a>, oil analysis<\/a> for tribology, and infrared thermography<\/a> for thermal surveys. In short, ISO 17359 is the starting point that ties the whole discipline together.<\/p>\n

1. The Role of an Umbrella Standard<\/h2>\n

Most condition-monitoring standards answer narrow questions: which sensor, which frequency range, which alarm chart. ISO 17359 answers the prior, more strategic question \u2014 what should the programme as a whole look like, and how do its parts fit together?<\/em> It supplies the business and engineering logic that justifies the investment and keeps the effort focused on the machines that matter.<\/p>\n

Two ideas underpin the whole approach. The first is detecting a developing fault early enough to act: ISO 17359 frames this as the lead time to failure<\/strong> \u2014 the interval between when a defect first becomes detectable and when the machine can no longer do its job \u2014 the same idea known more generally as the P-F interval in reliability-centred maintenance. The whole point of condition-based maintenance<\/a> is to detect the fault within that window and act before functional failure arrives, converting an unplanned breakdown into a planned, proactive repair. The second idea is integration<\/strong>: data from several technologies \u2014 vibration, oil, thermography, motor-current analysis \u2014 can be combined to reach a more confident diagnosis than any single method gives alone.<\/p>\n

2. The Cyclical Process \u2014 Six Core Steps (a Simplified View)<\/h2>\n

ISO 17359 lays out the programme as a continuous cycle in which the output of the final stage feeds back into the first, creating a process of continuous improvement. The standard’s own flowchart (Figure 1, developed in Clauses 5\u201311) is more detailed than any short list: it opens with an explicit business cost-benefit analysis<\/strong>, then proceeds through an equipment audit, a reliability and criticality audit (FMEA\/FMECA), selection of the monitoring method and alert\/alarm criteria, measurement and trending, diagnosis and prognosis, determination of the maintenance action, and finally a review of the programme’s effectiveness<\/strong>. The six steps below are a practical condensation of that fuller workflow \u2014 grouped for readability, not a literal ISO step count.<\/p>\n

Step 1 \u2014 Machine Knowledge and Information (the Audit)<\/h3>\n

This foundational step is the strategic core of the entire programme. In the standard itself the ground-work begins even earlier, with a business cost-benefit analysis that confirms monitoring is worth the investment before any technology is chosen. The step then mandates a thorough audit to identify which machines are most important to the operation and therefore warrant monitoring \u2014 a criticality<\/a> and risk analysis that ranks assets by the consequence of their failure. Once the critical machines<\/a> are identified, the standard requires gathering all pertinent information: design specifications, operating parameters, maintenance history, and \u2014 most importantly \u2014 a detailed Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The FMEA is a systematic method for identifying every way a machine or its components can fail. For each failure mode \u2014 say “bearing spalling” or “shaft unbalance<\/a>” \u2014 the team works out the likely causes, the symptoms or effects it produces (for example “generates high-frequency impacts” or “causes high 1X vibration”), and the consequences of the failure. The output is a definitive list of credible failure modes for each critical machine, and that list drives every later step.<\/p>\n

Step 2 \u2014 Select the Monitoring Strategy<\/h3>\n

This step builds directly on the FMEA. For each identified failure mode, the team chooses the most effective and economical technology to detect its onset; there is deliberately no one-size-fits-all answer. If the FMEA shows that a gearbox’s dominant failure mode is tooth wear<\/a>, the strategy might be wear-particle oil analysis<\/a>, which can flag debris long before the vibration signature changes. For shaft misalignment<\/a>, the obvious choice is vibration analysis, because it reads the characteristic 2X signature directly. The activity here is to review every available CBM technology and map each one onto the specific symptoms the FMEA predicted, producing a targeted, efficient plan.<\/p>\n

Step 3 \u2014 Establish the Monitoring Programme<\/h3>\n

This is the tactical planning phase, where the strategy from Step 2 becomes a documented action plan. It defines the precise measurement locations on each machine, the exact parameters to be recorded (RMS velocity, peak acceleration, temperature, wear-particle concentration), the data-collection frequency (monthly for less critical assets, continuously for the most critical), and the initial alarm or alert limits. The standard offers three sound ways to set those first alarm levels<\/a>: generic severity charts such as ISO 10816<\/a> \/ ISO 7919<\/a> (now consolidated as ISO 20816<\/a>), the equipment vendor’s recommendations, or a percentage change from a healthy baseline<\/a> reading. The result is a complete, written monitoring plan for every machine.<\/p>\n

Step 4 \u2014 Data Acquisition<\/h3>\n

This step is the routine, physical execution of the plan: dispatching a technician or an automated system to collect the specified data at the prescribed interval. The standard places heavy emphasis on standardised procedures so that data stays consistent and repeatable from visit to visit. That means following the detailed method for the chosen technology \u2014 for vibration, adhering to ISO 13373-1<\/a> \u2014 and ensuring the machine runs under comparable conditions (same load and speed) each time, with every record correctly stored and labelled with date, time, machine ID and measurement-point ID for reliable trending<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Step 5 \u2014 Data Analysis and Diagnostics<\/h3>\n

Here the raw data becomes information. Analysis<\/strong> comes first: the new reading is compared against the alarm limits set in Step 3. If nothing is breached, the machine is confirmed healthy. If an alarm trips, the work moves on to diagnostics<\/strong> \u2014 a deeper investigation by a trained analyst to find the root cause. That might mean studying the specific frequencies and patterns in a vibration spectrum<\/a>, or examining the size and shape of particles in an oil sample. The standard recommends a systematic approach: correlate the observed pattern with the failure modes catalogued in the Step 1 FMEA to arrive at a specific, confident diagnosis<\/a> \u2014 and, where the data allow, a prognosis of how long the machine can safely run before the fault must be corrected.<\/p>\n

Step 6 \u2014 Maintenance Decision and Action<\/h3>\n

The final, decisive step turns the diagnosis into action \u2014 though “repair immediately” is only one of several options. The decision is a risk-based judgement weighing the severity of the fault, the criticality of the machine and the resources available. The response might be as light as simply increasing the monitoring frequency, or as planned as scheduling a specific correction (an alignment job, a bearing change) for the next outage, or as drastic as recommending an immediate shutdown<\/a> to head off catastrophic failure. Once the work is done and the fault verified as cleared, the result is fed back into the machine’s history (Step 1), closing the loop and improving the next cycle. ISO 17359 also closes the loop at programme level: it calls for a periodic review<\/strong> that measures the effectiveness of the monitoring effort itself and revisits the original cost-benefit case, so the programme \u2014 not just the machines \u2014 keeps improving.<\/p>\n

3. Where Vibration Analysis Fits \u2014 and the Balanset-1A<\/h2>\n

Although ISO 17359 is technology-neutral, vibration is by far the most common monitoring channel because it sees so many failure modes at once \u2014 unbalance, misalignment, looseness<\/a>, bearing defects<\/a> and gear defects<\/a> all leave distinct frequency fingerprints. Step 4 of the cycle requires a portable, repeatable way to capture that data in the field. A two-channel instrument such as the \u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d7b\u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d-1\u0d0e<\/a> covers two roles in one tool: it acquires the FFT spectrum<\/a> and overall vibration levels needed for the Step 5 comparison against ISO 20816 limits, and \u2014 when the diagnosis points to unbalance<\/a> \u2014 it performs the corrective field balancing<\/a> in the machine’s own bearings without sending the rotor away. That ability to move straight from detection to correction is exactly the kind of efficient, closed-loop workflow the standard is designed to encourage.<\/p>\n

4. Key Concepts to Remember<\/h2>\n