{"id":136,"date":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/glossary\/harmonics\/"},"modified":"2026-06-08T04:12:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T04:12:17","slug":"harmonics","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/harmonics\/","title":{"rendered":"Apakah Harmonik dalam Analisis Getaran?"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n:root {\n  --navy: #0a2540;\n  --navy-light: #1a3a5c;\n  --blue: #2563eb;\n  --blue-light: #3b82f6;\n  --blue-pale: #dbeafe;\n  --blue-ghost: #eff6ff;\n  --beige: #f5f0e8;\n  --beige-dark: #e8dfd3;\n  --beige-light: #faf7f2;\n  --white: #ffffff;\n  --text: #1e293b;\n  --text-secondary: #475569;\n  --text-muted: #94a3b8;\n  --border: #cbd5e1;\n  --border-light: #e2e8f0;\n  --success: #059669;\n  --success-light: #d1fae5;\n  --warning: #d97706;\n  --warning-light: #fef3c7;\n  --danger: #dc2626;\n  --danger-light: #fee2e2;\n  --purple: #7c3aed;\n  --purple-light: #ede9fe;\n  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(10,37,64,0.08);\n  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(10,37,64,0.1);\n  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 30px rgba(10,37,64,0.12);\n  --radius: 12px;\n  --radius-sm: 8px;\n  --radius-lg: 16px;\n}\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }\nbody {\n  font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;\n  color: var(--text);\n  background: var(--beige-light);\n  min-width: 1200px;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* ===== HERO ===== *\/\n.hero {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-light) 50%, #234e7a 100%);\n  color: var(--white);\n  padding: 56px 0 48px;\n  position: relative;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n.hero::before {\n  content: '';\n  position: absolute; inset: 0;\n  background:\n    radial-gradient(circle at 25% 75%, rgba(37,99,235,0.15) 0%, transparent 50%),\n    radial-gradient(circle at 75% 25%, rgba(37,99,235,0.1) 0%, transparent 50%);\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.hero::after {\n  content: '';\n  position: absolute; inset: 0;\n  background: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='80' height='80' viewBox='0 0 80 80' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 40 Q20 20 40 40 Q60 60 80 40' stroke='%23ffffff' stroke-opacity='0.02' stroke-width='1' fill='none'\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.hero-inner {\n  max-width: 1280px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 48px; position: relative; z-index: 1;\n}\n.hero h1 {\n  font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 46px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.5px;\n}\n.hero h1 span { color: var(--blue-light); }\n.hero .subtitle { font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.78); max-width: 820px; line-height: 1.6; }\n.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }\n.breadcrumb a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); text-decoration: none; }\n.breadcrumb a:hover { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); }<\/p>\n<p>\/* ===== QUICK NAV ===== *\/\n.quick-nav {\n  background: var(--white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);\n}\n.quick-nav-inner { max-width: 1280px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 48px; display: flex; gap: 0; overflow-x: auto; }\n.quick-nav a {\n  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; padding: 14px 18px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500;\n  color: var(--text-secondary); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transition: all 0.2s;\n}\n.quick-nav a:hover { color: var(--blue); border-bottom-color: var(--blue); background: var(--blue-ghost); }<\/p>\n<p>.container { max-width: 1280px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 48px; }<\/p>\n<p>\/* ===== SUMMARY DASHBOARD ===== *\/\n.summary-dashboard { padding: 40px 0; background: var(--white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); }\n.dashboard-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 32px; }<\/p>\n<p>.calc-panel {\n  background: var(--beige-light); border: 1px solid var(--beige-dark); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); padding: 32px; position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.calc-panel::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 4px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--blue), var(--blue-light)); }\n.panel-title { font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 6px; color: var(--navy); }\n.panel-subtitle { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: 24px; }\n.calc-form { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 16px; }\n.form-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; }\n.form-group.full-width { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; }\n.form-group label { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-secondary); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }\n.form-group label .unit { font-weight: 400; text-transform: none; color: var(--text-muted); }\n.form-group input, .form-group select {\n  padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); font-size: 15px;\n  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; background: var(--white); color: var(--text); transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;\n}\n.form-group input:focus, .form-group select:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--blue); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(37,99,235,0.12); }\n.calc-btn {\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1; padding: 13px; background: var(--blue); color: var(--white); border: none; border-radius: var(--radius-sm);\n  font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s; margin-top: 4px;\n}\n.calc-btn:hover { background: var(--navy); transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }<\/p>\n<p>\/* Results panel *\/\n.results-panel {\n  background: var(--navy); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); padding: 32px; color: var(--white); position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.results-panel::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, rgba(37,99,235,0.2) 0%, transparent 60%); pointer-events: none; }\n.results-panel .panel-title { color: var(--white); }\n.results-panel .panel-subtitle { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }<\/p>\n<p>.spectrum-canvas-wrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 100%; height: 250px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n.spectrum-canvas-wrap canvas { width: 100%; height: 100%; }<\/p>\n<p>.harmonic-table-mini { position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 100%; max-height: 195px; overflow-y: auto; }\n.harmonic-table-mini table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\n.harmonic-table-mini th {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 11px;\n  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left; position: sticky; top: 0;\n}\n.harmonic-table-mini td {\n  padding: 5px 10px; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 13px;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06); color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);\n}\n.harmonic-table-mini tr:hover td { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05); }\n.results-empty { text-align: center; padding: 120px 20px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35); font-size: 15px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }\n.results-empty .icon { font-size: 36px; margin-bottom: 12px; display: block; }<\/p>\n<p>\/* ===== DIAGNOSTIC SECTION ===== *\/\n.diagnostic-section { padding: 40px 0 48px; background: var(--beige-light); }\n.section-header { margin-bottom: 28px; }\n.section-header h2 { font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 30px; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 6px; }\n.section-header p { font-size: 16px; color: var(--text-secondary); }<\/p>\n<p>.fault-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 36px; }\n.fault-card {\n  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border-light); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 24px;\n  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); transition: all 0.3s; position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.fault-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); transform: translateY(-3px); }\n.fault-card::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px; }\n.fault-card.unbalance::before { background: var(--blue); }\n.fault-card.misalignment::before { background: var(--warning); }\n.fault-card.looseness::before { background: var(--danger); }\n.fault-card.electrical::before { background: var(--purple); }\n.fault-card.rub::before { background: #ec4899; }\n.fault-card.bearing::before { background: var(--success); }<\/p>\n<p>.fc-icon { font-size: 28px; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n.fc-title { font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 18px; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n.fc-pattern { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 13px; color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 600; }\n.fc-body { font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.5; }\n.fc-body strong { color: var(--text); }<\/p>\n<p>.fc-spectrum { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; gap: 3px; height: 50px; margin-top: 12px; padding: 4px; background: var(--beige-light); border-radius: 4px; }\n.fc-spectrum .bar { flex: 1; border-radius: 2px 2px 0 0; min-height: 2px; position: relative; }\n.fc-spectrum .bar-label {\n  position: absolute; bottom: -14px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);\n  font-size: 8px; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; color: var(--text-muted); white-space: nowrap;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* Tables *\/\n.table-wrap {\n  background: var(--white); border-radius: var(--radius); border: 1px solid var(--border-light); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); margin-bottom: 32px;\n}\n.table-wrap .table-title { padding: 16px 24px; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; background: var(--beige); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); color: var(--navy); }\ntable { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\ntable th {\n  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left;\n}\ntable td { padding: 11px 16px; font-size: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); color: var(--text); }\ntable tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\ntable tr:hover td { background: var(--blue-ghost); }\ntable td:first-child { font-weight: 600; }\n.mono { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 13px; }\n.tag { display: inline-block; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.3px; }\n.tag.high { background: var(--danger-light); color: #991b1b; }\n.tag.medium { background: var(--warning-light); color: #92400e; }\n.tag.low { background: var(--success-light); color: #065f46; }\n.tag.info { background: var(--blue-pale); color: var(--navy); }\n.tag.purple { background: var(--purple-light); color: #5b21b6; }<\/p>\n<p>\/* ===== MAIN CONTENT ===== *\/\n.main-content { padding: 48px 0 64px; background: var(--white); }\n.content-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px; gap: 48px; }<\/p>\n<p>.toc-sidebar { position: sticky; top: 80px; align-self: start; }\n.toc-box { background: var(--beige-light); border: 1px solid var(--beige-dark); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 24px; }\n.toc-box h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 16px; }\n.toc-box a {\n  display: block; padding: 6px 0; font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); text-decoration: none;\n  border-left: 2px solid transparent; padding-left: 12px; transition: all 0.2s;\n}\n.toc-box a:hover { color: var(--blue); border-left-color: var(--blue); }\n.toc-box a.sub { padding-left: 28px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-muted); }<\/p>\n<p>.article-content h2 { font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 28px; color: var(--navy); margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-top: 20px; }\n.article-content h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }\n.article-content h3 { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy-light); margin: 32px 0 12px; }\n.article-content h4 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin: 24px 0 8px; }\n.article-content p { margin-bottom: 16px; color: var(--text); line-height: 1.8; }\n.article-content ul, .article-content ol { margin: 0 0 16px 24px; line-height: 1.8; }\n.article-content li { margin-bottom: 6px; }\n.article-content li strong { color: var(--navy); }\n.article-content a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: border-color 0.2s; }\n.article-content a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--blue); }<\/p>\n<p>.info-box { background: var(--blue-ghost); border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0; padding: 20px 24px; margin: 24px 0; }\n.info-box.warning { background: #fffbeb; border-left-color: var(--warning); }\n.info-box.success { background: #ecfdf5; border-left-color: var(--success); }\n.info-box.danger { background: #fef2f2; border-left-color: var(--danger); }\n.info-box .box-title { font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 6px; color: var(--navy); }\n.info-box p { margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; }\n.info-box p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/p>\n<p>.example-block { background: var(--beige-light); border: 1px solid var(--beige-dark); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 28px; margin: 24px 0; }\n.example-block .example-title { font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 18px; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 16px; }<\/p>\n<p>.formula-box {\n  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 24px 32px; margin: 24px 0;\n  text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.formula-box::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: radial-gradient(circle at 80% 50%, rgba(37,99,235,0.15) 0%, transparent 60%); pointer-events: none; }\n.formula-box .formula-label { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; color: var(--blue-light); margin-bottom: 10px; position: relative; }\n.formula-box .formula-main { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; position: relative; line-height: 1.4; }\n.formula-box .formula-note { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); margin-top: 10px; position: relative; }<\/p>\n<p>.article-table { width: 100%; margin: 20px 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-light); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); overflow: hidden; }\n.article-table th { padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 12px; }\n.article-table td { padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; }<\/p>\n<p>\/* ===== SHOP CTA ===== *\/\n.shop-cta {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-light) 100%); padding: 48px 0; color: var(--white);\n  text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.shop-cta::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, rgba(37,99,235,0.15) 0%, transparent 60%); pointer-events: none; }\n.shop-cta h2 { font-family: 'DM Serif Display', serif; font-size: 32px; margin-bottom: 12px; position: relative; }\n.shop-cta p { font-size: 17px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); margin-bottom: 28px; max-width: 640px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; position: relative; }\n.shop-cta .cta-btn {\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 14px 36px; background: var(--blue); color: var(--white);\n  text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--radius-sm); font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; transition: all 0.2s; position: relative;\n}\n.shop-cta .cta-btn:hover { background: var(--blue-light); transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(37,99,235,0.3); }<\/p>\n<p>.page-footer { background: var(--beige); border-top: 1px solid var(--beige-dark); padding: 32px 0; text-align: center; }\n.page-footer a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500; }\n.page-footer p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-muted); }<\/p>\n<p>@media print { .quick-nav, .shop-cta { display: none; } body { min-width: auto; } }\n<\/style>\n<p><!-- HERO --><\/p>\n<header class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"hero-inner\">\n<div class=\"breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/\">Laman Utama<\/a> \u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/\">Glosari<\/a> \u2192 Harmonik\n    <\/div>\n<h1>Memahami <span>Harmonik<\/span> dalam Analisis Getaran<\/h1>\n<p class=\"subtitle\">Mengapa kelipatan integer kelajuan poros muncul dalam spektra getaran \u2014 dan bagaimana corak harmonik 1\u00d7, 2\u00d7, 3\u00d7\u2026 mendedahkan sifat tepat kerosakan mesin daripada ketakseimbangan dan salah jajaran hingga kelonggaran dan geseran.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n\t\t<section class=\"woocommerce hestia-shop products is-shortcode\" id=\"products\" data-sorder=\"hestia_shop\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hestia-shop-content\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\" data-aos=\"fade-up\" >\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-1\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-1\/\" title=\"Pengimbang mudah alih &amp; Penganalisis getaran Balanset-1A\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Balanset-1A kit lengkap penyeimbang mudah alih dan penganalisis getaran\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-272x182.webp 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/devices\/\" rel=\"tag\">Peranti<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-1\/\" title=\"Pengimbang mudah alih &amp; Penganalisis getaran Balanset-1A\">Pengimbang mudah alih &amp; Penganalisis getaran Balanset-1A<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>1,975.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=986\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"986\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=986\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_986\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"986\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cPortable balancer &amp; Vibration analyzer Balanset-1A\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cPortable balancer &amp; Vibration analyzer Balanset-1A\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_986\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/vibration-sensor\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/vibration-sensor\/\" title=\"Penderia getaran\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Pandangan dekat sensor getaran Balanset-1A\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">bahagian<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/vibration-sensor\/\" title=\"Penderia getaran\">Penderia getaran<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>90.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1820\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1820\" data-product_sku=\"VS-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1820\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1820\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1820\" data-product_sku=\"VS-1\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cVibration sensor\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cVibration sensor\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1820\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/optical-sensor-for-balanset-and-arbalance\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/optical-sensor-for-balanset-and-arbalance\/\" title=\"Penderia Optik (Takometer Laser)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Penderia Optik (Takometer Laser)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-1536x1023.webp 1536w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-460x306.webp 460w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU.webp 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">bahagian<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/optical-sensor-for-balanset-and-arbalance\/\" title=\"Penderia Optik (Takometer Laser)\">Penderia Optik (Takometer Laser)<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>124.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1832\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1832\" data-product_sku=\"Tach-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1832\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1832\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1832\" data-product_sku=\"Tach-1\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cOptical Sensor (Laser Tachometer)\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cOptical Sensor (Laser Tachometer)\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1832\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-4\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-4\/\" title=\"Balanset-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Kit pengimbangan rotor Vibromera: kes pembawa, perapi isyarat berbilang saluran, penganalisis genggam, tapak magnet, sensor getaran dan kabel bergelung.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-460x306.webp 460w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4.webp 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/devices\/\" rel=\"tag\">Peranti<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-4\/\" title=\"Balanset-4\">Balanset-4<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>6,803.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1833\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1833\" data-product_sku=\"BS-4\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1833\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1833\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1833\" data-product_sku=\"BS-4\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cBalanset-4\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cBalanset-4\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1833\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- \/.row --><div class=\"row\">\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/magnet-stand\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/magnet-stand\/\" title=\"Magnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Pangkalan magnet.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">bahagian<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/magnet-stand\/\" title=\"Magnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf\">Magnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>46.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1852\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1852\" data-product_sku=\"MS-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=1852\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1852\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1852\" data-product_sku=\"MS-1\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cMagnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cMagnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1852\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/reflective-tape\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/reflective-tape\/\" title=\"Pita reflektif\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Pita reflektif\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-460x306.webp 460w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-272x182.webp 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">bahagian<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/reflective-tape\/\" title=\"Pita reflektif\">Pita reflektif<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>10.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=2329\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"2329\" data-product_sku=\"rt-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=2329\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_2329\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"2329\" data-product_sku=\"rt-1\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cReflective tape\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cReflective tape\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_2329\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/dynamic-balancer-balanset-1a\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/dynamic-balancer-balanset-1a\/\" title=\"Pengimbang dinamik &quot;Balanset-1A&quot; OEM\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Kandungan kit Balanset-1A dengan unit antara muka, penderia, tachometer dan aksesori\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-2048x1366.webp 2048w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-e1732998877834.webp 708w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product-category\/devices\/\" rel=\"tag\">Peranti<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/dynamic-balancer-balanset-1a\/\" title=\"Pengimbang dinamik &quot;Balanset-1A&quot; OEM\">Pengimbang dinamik &quot;Balanset-1A&quot; OEM<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>1,735.00<\/span> + VAT (jika berkenaan)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=4193\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"4193\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1OEM\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Add to cart\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Add to cart\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136?add-to-cart=4193\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_4193\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"4193\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1OEM\" aria-label=\"Add to cart: \u201cDynamic balancer \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cDynamic balancer \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM\u201d has been added to your cart\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Add to cart<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_4193\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<p><!-- QUICK NAV --><\/p>\n<nav class=\"quick-nav\">\n<div class=\"quick-nav-inner\">\n    <a href=\"#calculator\">\u2699 Pengira Harmonik<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#diagnostic-cards\">\ud83d\udcca Corak Kegagalan<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#diagnostic-table\">\ud83d\udccb Jadual Diagnostik<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#definition\">\ud83d\udcd0 Definisi<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#why-generated\">\ud83d\udd22 Mengapa Dihasilkan<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#fault-signatures\">\ud83d\udd0d Corak Kerosakan<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#non-synchronous\">\u3030\ufe0f Tidak serentak<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#analysis-guide\">\ud83d\udee0 Panduan Analisis<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#case-studies\">\ud83d\udcdd Kajian Kes<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<p><!-- SUMMARY DASHBOARD --><\/p>\n<section class=\"summary-dashboard\" id=\"calculator\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"dashboard-grid\">\n<p>      <!-- Calculator --><\/p>\n<div class=\"calc-panel\">\n<h2 class=\"panel-title\">Pengira Frekuensi Harmonik<\/h2>\n<p class=\"panel-subtitle\">Kira harmonik dan frekuensi kerosakan biasa untuk mana-mana kelajuan aci.<\/p>\n<div class=\"calc-form\">\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n            <label>Kelajuan aci <span class=\"unit\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n            <input type=\"number\" id=\"shaftRPM\" value=\"1800\" min=\"1\" step=\"1\">\n          <\/div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n            <label>Bilangan harmonik<\/label><br \/>\n            <select id=\"numHarmonics\"><option value=\"5\">5 harmonik<\/option><option value=\"10\" selected>10 harmonik<\/option><option value=\"15\">15 harmonik<\/option><option value=\"20\">20 harmonik<\/option><\/select>\n          <\/div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n            <label>Bilangan Bilah\/Bilah Kipas <span class=\"unit\">(pilihan)<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n            <input type=\"number\" id=\"numBlades\" value=\"\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" placeholder=\"contohnya 5, 7\">\n          <\/div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n            <label>Bilangan gigi gear <span class=\"unit\">(pilihan)<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n            <input type=\"number\" id=\"numTeeth\" value=\"\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" placeholder=\"contohnya 48\">\n          <\/div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n            <label>Frekuensi talian <span class=\"unit\">(hertz)<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n            <select id=\"lineFreq\"><option value=\"50\" selected>50 Hz (Eropah \/ Asia)<\/option><option value=\"60\">60 Hz (Amerika)<\/option><\/select>\n          <\/div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n            <label>Bilangan tiang <span class=\"unit\">(motor)<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n            <select id=\"numPoles\"><option value=\"2\">2-kutu<\/option><option value=\"4\" selected>4-kutu<\/option><option value=\"6\">6-kutub<\/option><option value=\"8\">8-kutu<\/option><\/select>\n          <\/div>\n<p>          <button class=\"calc-btn\" onclick=\"calculate()\">Kira Semua Frekuensi \u2192<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>      <!-- Results --><\/p>\n<div class=\"results-panel\">\n<h2 class=\"panel-title\">Spektrum Harmonik<\/h2>\n<p class=\"panel-subtitle\">Peta frekuensi visual dan jadual harmonik lengkap<\/p>\n<div id=\"resultsArea\">\n<div class=\"results-empty\">\n            <span class=\"icon\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><br \/>\n            Masukkan kelajuan aci dan klik Kira<br \/>untuk melihat frekuensi harmonik\n          <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- DIAGNOSTIC CARDS + TABLES --><\/p>\n<section class=\"diagnostic-section\" id=\"diagnostic-cards\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"section-header\">\n<h2>Corak Tandatangan Kerosakan \u2014 Pengecaman Pantas<\/h2>\n<p>Setiap kesalahan jentera menghasilkan pola harmonik ciri yang nampak dalam <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/spectrum\/\">spektrum getaran<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fault-cards\">\n<div class=\"fault-card unbalance\">\n<div class=\"fc-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-title\">Ketidakseimbangan<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-pattern\">Dominan 1\u00d7 \u2014 bersih, satu puncak<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-body\"><strong>Corak:<\/strong> 1\u00d7 kuat dengan harmonik minimum. Amplitud berkadaran dengan kelajuan\u00b2. Fasa stabil dan boleh diulang. <strong>Arah:<\/strong> Terutamanya getaran radial.<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-spectrum\">\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:95%;background:var(--blue)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">1\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:8%;background:var(--blue-pale)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">2\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:3%;background:var(--blue-pale)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">3\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:2%;background:var(--blue-pale)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">4\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:1%;background:var(--blue-pale)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">5 kali<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fault-card misalignment\">\n<div class=\"fc-icon\">\u2194\ufe0f<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-title\">salah jajaran<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-pattern\">Kuat 2\u00d7 (dan 3\u00d7) berbanding 1\u00d7<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-body\"><strong>Sudut:<\/strong> Tinggi 1\u00d7 paksi. <strong>selari:<\/strong> Tinggi radial 2\u00d7, selalunya \u2265 1\u00d7 amplitud. Kes teruk menunjukkan 3\u00d7, 4\u00d7. <strong>Kunci:<\/strong> Getaran paksi tinggi pada kopling.<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-spectrum\">\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:60%;background:var(--warning)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">1\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:90%;background:var(--warning)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">2\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:40%;background:var(--warning-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">3\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15%;background:var(--warning-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">4\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:5%;background:var(--warning-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">5 kali<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fault-card looseness\">\n<div class=\"fc-icon\">\ud83d\udd29<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-title\">Kelonggaran Mekanikal<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-pattern\">Banyak harmonik: 1\u00d7, 2\u00d7, 3\u00d7, 4\u00d7\u2026 hingga 10\u00d7+<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-body\"><strong>Corak:<\/strong> Keluarga harmonik yang kaya sering kali dengan sub-harmonik (\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7). Fasa tidak stabil. Lebih banyak harmonik = kelonggaran yang lebih teruk. <strong>Petunjuk utama:<\/strong> sub-harmonik hadir.<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-spectrum\">\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:70%;background:var(--danger)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">1\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:55%;background:var(--danger)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">2\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:50%;background:var(--danger)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">3\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:40%;background:var(--danger)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">4\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:35%;background:var(--danger-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">5 kali<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:25%;background:var(--danger-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">6\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:20%;background:var(--danger-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">7\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:12%;background:var(--danger-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">8\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fault-card bearing\">\n<div class=\"fc-icon\">\ud83d\udd34<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-title\">Kecacatan Galas<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-pattern\">Puncak bukan serentak: BPFO, BPFI + harmonik<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-body\"><strong>Corak:<\/strong> Puncak pada <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/bearing-fault-frequencies\/\" style=\"color:var(--success)\">frekuensi kerosakan galas<\/a> (bukan gandaan integer RPM). Harmonik frekuensi kesalahan + <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/sidebands\/\" style=\"color:var(--success)\">jalur sisi<\/a> pada jarak 1\u00d7.<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-spectrum\">\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:30%;background:var(--success)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">1\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:5%;background:#ddd\"><span class=\"bar-label\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:75%;background:var(--success)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">BPFO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:45%;background:var(--success-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">2\u00b7BPF<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:25%;background:var(--success-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">3\u00b7BPF<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fault-card electrical\">\n<div class=\"fc-icon\">\u26a1<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-title\">Kerosakan Elektrik<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-pattern\">2\u00d7 frekuensi talian (2FL) \u00b1 jalur sisi gelincir<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-body\"><strong>Stator:<\/strong> 2FL (100\/120 Hz) dominan. <strong>Bar rotor:<\/strong> 1\u00d7 dengan sidebands pada <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/pole-pass-frequency\/\" style=\"color:var(--purple)\">kekerapan hantaran tiang<\/a>. <strong>Ujian:<\/strong> Pemadaman kuasa \u2014 getaran elektrik menurun dengan segera.<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-spectrum\">\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:50%;background:var(--purple)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">1\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:85%;background:var(--purple)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">2FL<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:30%;background:var(--purple-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">4FL<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15%;background:var(--purple-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">6FL<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:5%;background:var(--purple-light)\"><span class=\"bar-label\">8FL<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fault-card rub\">\n<div class=\"fc-icon\">\ud83d\udd25<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-title\">Geseran aci<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-pattern\">Banyak harmonik tertib tinggi + sub-harmonik<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-body\"><strong>Gosokan ringan:<\/strong> \u00bd\u00d7, 1\u00d7, dan banyak harmonik sehingga 10\u00d7+. <strong>Geseran anular penuh:<\/strong> Sub-harmonik (\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7, \u00bc\u00d7) dominan. Pembengkokan termal boleh menyebabkan hanyutan vektor 1\u00d7.<\/div>\n<div class=\"fc-spectrum\">\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:35%;background:#ec4899\"><span class=\"bar-label\">Separuh kali<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:65%;background:#ec4899\"><span class=\"bar-label\">1\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:40%;background:#ec4899\"><span class=\"bar-label\">2\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:30%;background:#fbcfe8\"><span class=\"bar-label\">3\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:25%;background:#fbcfe8\"><span class=\"bar-label\">4\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:20%;background:#fbcfe8\"><span class=\"bar-label\">5 kali<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15%;background:#fbcfe8\"><span class=\"bar-label\">6\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:12%;background:#fbcfe8\"><span class=\"bar-label\">7\u00d7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- MASTER DIAGNOSTIC TABLE --><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\" id=\"diagnostic-table\">\n<div class=\"table-title\">\ud83d\udccb Rujukan Diagnostik Lengkap Corak Harmonik<\/div>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kondisi Kerosakan<\/th>\n<th>Harmonik Dominan<\/th>\n<th>Corak Amplitud<\/th>\n<th>Arah<\/th>\n<th>Tingkah laku fasa<\/th>\n<th>Ciri Pembeda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ketakseimbangan jisim<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>1\u00d7 \u226b semua yang lain<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Stabil; mengikuti tumpuan berat<\/td>\n<td>Puncak tunggal bersih; berkadar dengan kuasa dua kelajuan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Poros bengkok<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7 + 2\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Kedua-duanya tinggi<\/td>\n<td>Aksial + Radial<\/td>\n<td>1\u00d7 fasa 180\u00b0 antara hujung (aksial)<\/td>\n<td>1\u00d7 aksial tinggi; tidak boleh diperbetulkan dengan pengimbangan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ketidaksejajaran sudut<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7 (paksi)<\/td>\n<td>Aksial tinggi 1\u00d7 pada penyambungan<\/td>\n<td>Dominan paksi<\/td>\n<td>180\u00b0 merentasi gandingan (paksi)<\/td>\n<td>Aksial 1\u00d7 pada gandingan &gt; radial<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ketidaksejajaran selari<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">2\u00d7 (radial)<\/td>\n<td>2\u00d7 \u2248 atau &gt; 1\u00d7; 3\u00d7 mungkin muncul<\/td>\n<td>Dominan jejari<\/td>\n<td>180\u00b0 merentasi gandingan (radial)<\/td>\n<td>Perbandingan 2\u00d7 berbanding 1\u00d7 adalah diagnostik.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kelonggaran \u2014 struktur (Jenis A)<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Arah \u2014 lebih tinggi dalam arah longgar<\/td>\n<td>Arah<\/td>\n<td>Tidak stabil; mungkin menyimpang<\/td>\n<td>Amplitud berubah dengan tork bolt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kelonggaran \u2014 berputar (Jenis B)<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7, 2\u00d7, 3\u00d7\u2026n\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Rangkaian harmonik kaya + \u00bd\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Tidak stabil; tidak menentu<\/td>\n<td>Sub-harmonik (\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7) adalah pembeza utama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kelonggaran \u2014 dudukan galas (Jenis C)<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">Banyak harmonik + sub<\/td>\n<td>Kenaikan bunyi lantai dengan banyak puncak<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Sangat tidak stabil<\/td>\n<td>Peningkatan paras hingar jalur lebar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kaki lembut<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7 + 2\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>1\u00d7 berubah mengikut tork bolt<\/td>\n<td>Dominan menegak<\/td>\n<td>Perpindahan semasa pengetatan bolt<\/td>\n<td>Amplitud 1\u00d7 berubah apabila bolt dilepaskan satu persatu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gosokan rotor (ringan, separa)<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">\u00bd\u00d7, 1\u00d7, 2\u00d7\u2026n\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Banyak harmonik tertib tinggi<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Tidak menentu; hanyutan terma<\/td>\n<td>Sub-harmonik \u00bd\u00d7 dan \u2153\u00d7; drif vektor termal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gosokan rotor (anulus penuh)<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7, \u00bc\u00d7 dominan<\/td>\n<td>Sub-harmonik &gt; 1\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Chaotik<\/td>\n<td>Dominasi sub-sinkron; presesi songsang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pusaran minyak<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">0.42\u20130.48\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Puncak sub-sinkron tepat di bawah \u00bd\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Presesi hadapan<\/td>\n<td>Frekuensi dikesan pada ~0.43\u00d7 RPM; bergantung pada kelajuan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pukul minyak<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">\u2248 kritikal pertama<\/td>\n<td>Terkunci pada kritikal pertama tanpa mengira kelajuan<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Presesi hadapan<\/td>\n<td>Frekuensi terkunci; bencana jika tidak ditangani<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>mesh gear<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">GMF, 2\u00d7GMF, 3\u00d7GMF<\/td>\n<td>GMF = #gigi \u00d7 RPM + jalur sisi<\/td>\n<td>Jejari + Paksi<\/td>\n<td>Tidak terpakai (dipaksa)<\/td>\n<td>Jalur sisi pada kelajuan aci mengenal pasti gear yang rosak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Laluan bilah\/sirip<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">BPF, 2\u00d7BPF<\/td>\n<td>BPF = #bilah \u00d7 RPM<\/td>\n<td>Jejari + Paksi<\/td>\n<td>Tidak terpakai (dipaksa)<\/td>\n<td>Normal; amplitud tinggi = masalah kelonggaran atau resonans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eksentrisiti stator<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">2FL (100\/120 Hz)<\/td>\n<td>2\u00d7 frekuensi talian dominan<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Tidak terpakai<\/td>\n<td>Langsung hilang apabila bekalan kuasa terputus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kecacatan bar rotor<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">1\u00d7 dengan jalur sisi lalu tiang<\/td>\n<td>Jalur sisi pada frekuensi selip \u00d7 kutub<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Dimodulasi<\/td>\n<td>Zoom sekitar 1\u00d7 mendedahkan jalur sisi yang berjarak sama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>disebabkan oleh VFD<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">Harmonik frekuensi suis<\/td>\n<td>Puncak tidak serentak pada frekuensi PWM<\/td>\n<td>Jejari<\/td>\n<td>Tidak terpakai<\/td>\n<td>Frekuensi tidak bergantung pada kelajuan aci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- SUB-HARMONIC TABLE --><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"table-title\">\u3030\ufe0f Rujukan Sub-Harmonik dan Fraksional-Harmonik<\/div>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kekerapan<\/th>\n<th>Jawatan<\/th>\n<th>Punca Biasa<\/th>\n<th>Keparahan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">0.42\u20130.48\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Pusaran minyak<\/td>\n<td>Beban galas tidak mencukupi; celah berlebihan; aci ringan<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"tag high\">Kritikal \u2014 boleh menyebabkan cambuk minyak<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">\u00bd\u00d7 (0.50\u00d7)<\/td>\n<td>Separuh-tempahan<\/td>\n<td>Kegeseran, kelonggaran (Jenis B\/C), aci retak (jarang), masalah tali<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"tag high\">Ketara \u2014 siasat segera<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">\u2153\u00d7 (0.33\u00d7)<\/td>\n<td>Sub-harmonik peringkat ketiga<\/td>\n<td>Gosokan annular penuh; kelonggaran teruk; ketidakstabilan yang disebabkan oleh cecair<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"tag high\">Teruk \u2014 keadaan berbahaya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">\u00bc\u00d7 (0.25\u00d7)<\/td>\n<td>Sub kuarter-order<\/td>\n<td>Gosokan penuh dengan orbit terkunci; kelonggaran melampau<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"tag high\">Sangat teruk \u2014 penutupan mungkin diperlukan<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">1.5\u00d7 (3\/2\u00d7)<\/td>\n<td>Pesanan 3\/2<\/td>\n<td>Pusaran minyak digabungkan dengan ketidakseimbangan<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"tag medium\">Pantau dengan teliti<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">2.5\u00d7, 3.5\u00d7\u2026<\/td>\n<td>Keluarga separuh-tatanan<\/td>\n<td>Kelonggaran dengan komponen geseran yang kuat<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"tag medium\">Mekanisme ralat gabungan<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- MAIN ARTICLE CONTENT --><br \/>\n<main class=\"main-content\" id=\"definition\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"content-layout\">\n<article class=\"article-content\">\n<h2>Definisi: Apakah Harmonik?<\/h2>\n<p>Dalam analisis getaran, sebuah <strong>harmonik<\/strong> adalah frekuensi yang merupakan kelipatan integer tepat dari frekuensi asas. Dalam mesin berputar, frekuensi asas biasanya adalah kelajuan putaran aci, dirujuk sebagai harmonik pertama atau <strong>1\u00d7<\/strong>. Harmonik seterusnya ialah gandaan integer: 2\u00d7 (dua kali kelajuan aci), 3\u00d7 (tiga kali), dan seterusnya. Frekuensi ini juga dipanggil <em>pesanan<\/em> daripada kelajuan larian, atau <em>harmonik serentak<\/em> kerana ia disegerakkan dengan tepat dengan putaran aci.<\/p>\n<p>Sebagai contoh, jika sebuah motor beroperasi pada 1,800 RPM (30 Hz), harmoniknya muncul pada 60 Hz (2\u00d7), 90 Hz (3\u00d7), 120 Hz (4\u00d7), 150 Hz (5\u00d7), dan seterusnya. Rangkaian harmonik secara teori adalah tak terhingga, tetapi dalam praktik, amplitud menurun pada urutan yang lebih tinggi dan hanya beberapa harmonik pertama yang membawa maklumat diagnostik.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula-box\">\n<div class=\"formula-label\">Definisi Frekuensi Harmonik<\/div>\n<div class=\"formula-main\">f<sub>n<\/sub> = n \u00d7 f<sub>1<\/sub> = n \u00d7 (RPM \/ 60)<\/div>\n<div class=\"formula-note\">di mana n = 1, 2, 3, 4\u2026 (tertib harmonik) dan f\u2081 = frekuensi putaran aci dalam Hz<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">Harmonik vs. Sub-harmonik vs. Puncak tidak serentak<\/div>\n<p><strong>Harmonik<\/strong> ialah gandaan integer kelajuan aci (2\u00d7, 3\u00d7, 4\u00d7\u2026). <strong>Sub-harmonik<\/strong> adalah ganda pecahan (\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7, \u00bc\u00d7) dan sentiasa menunjukkan masalah mekanikal yang teruk. <strong>Puncak tidak serentak<\/strong> ialah frekuensi yang tidak berkaitan dengan kelajuan aci \u2014 seperti <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/bearing-fault-frequencies\/\">frekuensi kerosakan galas<\/a>, frekuensi mesh gear, frekuensi talian (50\/60 Hz), atau <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/natural-frequency\/\">frekuensi semula jadi<\/a> \u2014 dan memerlukan pendekatan diagnostik yang berbeza. Puncak pada 3.57\u00d7 RPM bukanlah harmonik; ia mungkin frekuensi kerosakan galas.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"why-generated\">Mengapa harmonik terhasil?<\/h2>\n<p>Dalam sistem yang sepenuhnya linear yang digerakkan oleh daya sinusoidal tulen (seperti rotor yang sepenuhnya seimbang dan sejajar sempurna dalam galas yang sempurna), hanya fundamental 1\u00d7 akan muncul. Mesin sebenar tidak pernah sepenuhnya linear. Harmonik muncul setiap kali bentuk gelombang getaran terpesong daripada gelombang sinus tulen \u2014 setiap kali tindak balas sistem adalah <em>tidak linear<\/em> atau fungsi pemaksaan itu sendiri bukan sinusoidal.<\/p>\n<h3>Matematik: Teorem Fourier<\/h3>\n<p><strong>teorem Fourier&#8217;s<\/strong> menyatakan bahawa sebarang bentuk gelombang berkala \u2014 tidak kira betapa kompleksnya \u2014 boleh dipecahkan kepada jumlah gelombang sinus pada frekuensi asas dan gandaan bulatnya, setiap satu dengan amplitud dan fasa tertentu. Algoritma FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) yang digunakan oleh penganalisis getaran melaksanakan pemecahan ini secara komputasi, mendedahkan kandungan harmonik isyarat tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Gelombang sinus tulen hanya mempunyai satu komponen frekuensi. Gelombang segi empat sama mengandungi semua harmonik ganjil (1\u00d7, 3\u00d7, 5\u00d7, 7\u00d7\u2026) dengan amplitud yang berkurangan mengikut 1\/n. Gelombang gigi gerigi mengandungi semua harmonik dengan amplitud yang berkurangan mengikut 1\/n. Bentuk distorsi yang khusus menentukan harmonik mana yang muncul \u2014 inilah yang menjadikan analisis harmonik begitu berkuasa dari segi diagnostik.<\/p>\n<h3>Mekanisme Fizikal yang Menghasilkan Harmonik<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pemotongan \/ pemendekan bentuk gelombang:<\/strong> Apabila pergerakan aci dihadkan secara fizikal (rumah galas, sentuhan geseran), bentuk gelombang yang terhasil dipotong, menghasilkan harmonik. Pemotongan yang lebih teruk menghasilkan lebih banyak harmonik.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kekakuan tidak simetri:<\/strong> Jika kekakuan sistem berbeza antara separuh positif dan negatif kitaran getaran (pembukaan\/penutupan aci retak, ketidaksejajaran yang menghasilkan kekakuan tegangan\/mampatan berbeza), harmonik genap (2\u00d7, 4\u00d7, 6\u00d7) akan terhasil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kejadian impak:<\/strong> Impak berkala (impak bolt longgar, impak kecacatan galas) menghasilkan bentuk gelombang tajam dengan tempoh singkat yang sangat kaya dengan kandungan harmonik \u2014 seperti bagaimana kayu pemukul dram menghasilkan banyak nada tambahan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gaya pemulihan bukan linear:<\/strong> Apabila kekakuan berubah dengan pergeseran (galas di bawah beban yang berubah-ubah, dudukan getah kadar progresif), tindak balas terhadap daya sinusoidal mengandungi harmonik.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pengagitan parametrik:<\/strong> Apabila sifat sistem berubah secara berkala pada frekuensi yang berkaitan dengan kelajuan aci, ia boleh menjana harmonik dan subharmonik bagi frekuensi eksitasi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"info-box success\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">Prinsip Diagnostik Utama<\/div>\n<p>Corak harmonik yang hadir, amplitud relatifnya, dan harmonik yang tidak hadir memberitahu penganalisis mekanisme fizikal yang menjana ketaklinearan. Penganalisis berpengalaman meneliti struktur harmonik sepenuhnya dalam spektrum \u2014 bukan hanya tahap getaran keseluruhan \u2014 untuk mengenal pasti mekanisme kerosakan tertentu.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"fault-signatures\">Signatur Kegagalan Terperinci \u2014 Corak Harmonik<\/h2>\n<h3>1\u00d7 Dominan \u2014 Ketidakseimbangan<\/h3>\n<p>Satu puncak dominan pada 1\u00d7 dengan harmonik lebih tinggi yang minimum adalah tanda tangan klasik bagi <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/unbalance\/\">ketakseimbangan jisim<\/a><\/strong>. Daya ketidakseimbangan secara semula jadi bersifat sinusoidal (ia berputar bersama aci pada frekuensi 1\u00d7), menghasilkan satu puncak tunggal yang bersih dalam domain frekuensi.<\/p>\n<h4>Butiran Diagnostik<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Amplitud:<\/strong> Secara berkadar dengan kelajuan kuasa dua (kelajuan berganda \u2192 amplitud 4 kali ganda) dan secara berkadar dengan jisim tidak seimbang<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fasa:<\/strong> Stabil, boleh diulang, bernilai tunggal. Berubah secara boleh diramal apabila berat percubaan ditambah \u2014 ini adalah asas bagi semua <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/balancing\/\">prosedur pengimbangan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Arah:<\/strong> Secara utama radial; 1\u00d7 aksial adalah rendah melainkan rotor mempunyai julur yang ketara.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pengesahan:<\/strong> Respon terhadap berat ujian mengesahkan ketidakseimbangan. Jika 1\u00d7 tidak memberi respons kepada berat ujian, pertimbangkan poros bengkok, eksentrisiti, atau resonans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"info-box warning\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">Tidak Semua Getaran 1\u00d7 Berpunca daripada Ketidakseimbangan<\/div>\n<p>Beberapa keadaan menghasilkan 1\u00d7 yang tinggi yang TIDAK boleh diperbetulkan melalui penyeimbangan: aci bengkok, eksentrisiti aci, run-out elektrik pada probe jarak dekat, lengkungan rotor akibat kesan terma, eksentrisiti kopling, dan <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/resonance\/\">resonans<\/a> Penguatan. Sentiasa sahkan diagnosis sebelum cuba mengimbangkan.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>2\u00d7 Dominan \u2014 Ketidaksejajaran<\/h3>\n<p>Harmonik kedua yang kuat, sering kali setara atau melebihi amplitud puncak 1\u00d7, adalah petunjuk utama bagi <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/misalignment\/\">salah jajaran aci<\/a><\/strong>. Ketidaksejajaran memaksa aci bergerak melalui laluan bukan sinusoidal pada setiap putaran, menghasilkan distorsi yang menjana harmonik 2\u00d7 dan kadangkala harmonik yang lebih tinggi.<\/p>\n<h4>Ketidaksejajaran Bersudut vs. Selari<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ketidaksejajaran sudut:<\/strong> Garisan tengah aci bertembung pada sudut di kopling. Menghasilkan getaran paksi 1\u00d7 yang tinggi. Fasa merentasi kopling menunjukkan pergeseran kira-kira 180\u00b0 dalam arah paksi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ketidaksejajaran selari (ofset):<\/strong> Garisan tengah aci adalah selari tetapi tersasar. Menghasilkan getaran radial 2\u00d7 yang tinggi, sering kali dengan 2\u00d7 \u2265 1\u00d7. Kes teruk menghasilkan 3\u00d7 dan 4\u00d7. Fasa radial merentasi kopling menunjukkan peralihan kira-kira 180\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jumlah:<\/strong> Dalam amalan, kedua-duanya biasanya wujud serentak, menghasilkan campuran tandatangan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Perkadaran 2\u00d7\/1\u00d7 sebagai Penunjuk Diagnostik<\/h4>\n<table class=\"article-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nisbah 2\u00d7\/1\u00d7<\/th>\n<th>Kondisi yang mungkin<\/th>\n<th>Tindakan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">kurang daripada 0.25<\/td>\n<td>Normal; 2\u00d7 hadir pada tahap rendah dalam kebanyakan mesin<\/td>\n<td>Tiada tindakan diperlukan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">0.25 \u2013 0.50<\/td>\n<td>Ketidaksejajaran ringan mungkin berlaku; normal bagi sesetengah jenis penyambung.<\/td>\n<td>Semak penjajaran; bandingkan dengan garis dasar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">0.50 \u2013 1.00<\/td>\n<td>Ketidaksejajaran ketara mungkin<\/td>\n<td>Melakukan penjajaran laser berketepatan tinggi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mono\">1.00<\/td>\n<td>Ketidaksejajaran teruk; 2\u00d7 melebihi 1\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>Segera \u2014 selaras semula; periksa sambungan dan ketegangan paip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Harmonik Berganda \u2014 Kelonggaran Mekanikal<\/h3>\n<p>Satu siri kaya <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/running-speed\/\">kelajuan kendalian<\/a> harmonik (1\u00d7, 2\u00d7, 3\u00d7, 4\u00d7, 5\u00d7\u2026 hingga 10\u00d7 atau lebih) menunjukkan <strong>kelonggaran mekanikal<\/strong>. Impak, ketukan, dan kitaran sentuhan\/pemisahan bukan linear menghasilkan distorsi bentuk gelombang yang melampau yang terurai kepada banyak komponen harmonik.<\/p>\n<h4>Tiga Jenis Kelonggaran<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jenis A \u2014 Struktur:<\/strong> Penyambungan longgar antara mesin dan asas (kaki lembut, asas retak, bolt sauh longgar). Menghasilkan arah 1\u00d7 (lebih tinggi pada arah kelonggaran). Ujian utama: ketatkan\/longgarkan setiap bolt sambil memantau amplitud 1\u00d7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jenis B \u2014 Komponen:<\/strong> Pelapik galas longgar dalam penutup, penutup longgar pada perumah, kelegaan galas berlebihan. Menghasilkan satu keluarga harmonik, selalunya dengan subharmonik (\u00bd\u00d7). Subharmonik ialah pembeza utama daripada ketidakselarasan (kelonggaran, bukan ketidakselarasan, menghasilkan subharmonik).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jenis C \u2014 Tempat Duduk Galas:<\/strong> Impeller longgar pada aci, hab kopling longgar, celah galas yang berlebihan membenarkan rotor memantul. Menghasilkan banyak harmonik dengan peningkatan paras hingar jalur lebar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">Sub-Harmonik: Cap Jejak Kelonggaran<\/div>\n<p>Kehadiran sub-harmonik (\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7) adalah pembeza paling boleh dipercayai antara kelonggaran dan ketidaksejajaran. Ketidaksejajaran menghasilkan 2\u00d7 dan 3\u00d7 tetapi jarang menghasilkan sub-harmonik. Kelonggaran (Jenis B dan C) secara ciri menghasilkan \u00bd\u00d7 kerana rotor menyentuh satu sisi galas pada satu setengah pusingan dan memantul ke sisi lain pada pusingan seterusnya \u2014 mewujudkan corak yang berulang setiap dua pusingan, oleh itu \u00bd\u00d7.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Syarat-syarat lain penjanaan harmonik<\/h3>\n<h4>Aci Bengkok<\/h4>\n<p>Menghasilkan getaran 1\u00d7 dan 2\u00d7 dengan komponen paksi tinggi. Tidak seperti kesalahaan selaras, satu <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/bent-shaft\/\">poros bengkok<\/a> menunjukkan 1\u00d7 yang tidak dapat diperbaiki dengan mengimbangi (eksentrisiti geometri, bukan pengedaran jisim) dan perbezaan fasa paksi ~180\u00b0 antara hujung poros. 2\u00d7 datang daripada kekakuan tidak simetri apabila lengkungan terbuka dan tertutup semasa putaran.<\/p>\n<h4>Mesin Pergerakan Bolak-Balik<\/h4>\n<p>Enjin, pemampat, dan mesin ulang-alik secara semula jadi menghasilkan spektrum harmonik yang kaya kerana gerakan omboh\/aci engkol pada dasarnya tidak sinusoidal. Corak harmonik bergantung pada bilangan silinder, susunan penembakan, dan jenis lejang (2-lejang berbanding 4-lejang).<\/p>\n<h4>Gosok pemutar<\/h4>\n<p>Goresan separa (kontak pada sebahagian setiap putaran) menghasilkan banyak harmonik orde tinggi \u2014 kadang-kadang sehingga 10\u00d7, 20\u00d7, atau lebih. Goresan annular penuh (kontak 360\u00b0 berterusan) menjana sub-harmonik dominan (\u00bd\u00d7, \u2153\u00d7, \u00bc\u00d7) melalui mekanisme presesi songsang.<\/p>\n<h4>Masalah Elektrikal dalam Motor<\/h4>\n<p>Motor AC menghasilkan getaran pada kelipatan frekuensi talian (50 atau 60 Hz) tanpa mengira kelajuan poros. Yang paling biasa ialah 2\u00d7 frekuensi talian (100 Hz dalam sistem 50 Hz, 120 Hz dalam sistem 60 Hz). Ini BUKAN harmonik kelajuan poros \u2014 ia adalah harmonik frekuensi talian, yang menjadi kunci untuk membezakan getaran elektrik daripada getaran mekanikal. <strong>ujian pemadaman kuasa<\/strong> Adalah muktamad: getaran elektrik berhenti serta-merta apabila kuasa ditarik balik, manakala getaran mekanikal berterusan semasa meluncur perlahan.<\/p>\n<p>Kecacatan bar rotor menghasilkan sidebands di sekitar 1\u00d7 berjarak pada frekuensi pas kutub (<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/slip-frequency\/\">kekerapan gelincir<\/a> \u00d7 bilangan kutub). Sidebands ini sangat dekat dengan 1\u00d7 (dalam 1\u20135 Hz), memerlukan resolusi tinggi <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/zoom-fft\/\">FFT zum<\/a> analisis untuk menyelesaikan.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"non-synchronous\">Frekuensi Asinkron \u2014 Bukan Harmonik Sebenar<\/h2>\n<p>Beberapa frekuensi penting kadangkala dikelirukan dengan harmonik tetapi sebenarnya tidak bergantung pada kelajuan aci:<\/p>\n<table class=\"article-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Jenis Kekerapan<\/th>\n<th>Formula<\/th>\n<th>Hubungan dengan RPM<\/th>\n<th>Nota<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kekerapan kerosakan galas<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/calculators\/bearing-defect-frequencies\/\">BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Ganda bukan integer (contohnya 3.57\u00d7, 5.43\u00d7)<\/td>\n<td>Sentiasa tidak serentak; bergantung pada geometri galas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/gear-mesh-frequency\/\">Frekuensi Jaringan Gear<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">GMF = #gigi \u00d7 RPM<\/td>\n<td>Bulat tetapi berperingkat sangat tinggi<\/td>\n<td>Secara teknikalnya ia adalah harmonik tetapi dianalisis secara berasingan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Laluan bilah\/sirip<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">BPF = #bilah \u00d7 RPM<\/td>\n<td>Ganda integer<\/td>\n<td>Normal; amplitud yang berlebihan menunjukkan masalah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekuensi talian<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">FL = 50 atau 60 Hz<\/td>\n<td>Tidak berkaitan dengan RPM<\/td>\n<td>Elektrikal; hilang semasa pemadaman kuasa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/natural-frequency\/\">Frekuensi semula jadi<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">f<sub>n<\/sub> = \u221a(k\/m)\/2\u03c0<\/td>\n<td>Tetap; tidak berkaitan dengan RPM<\/td>\n<td>Frekuensi tetap tanpa mengira perubahan kelajuan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekuensi tali sawat<\/td>\n<td class=\"mono\">f<sub>pita pinggang<\/sub> = RPM\u00d7\u03c0\u00d7D\/L<\/td>\n<td>Subsinkron (&lt; kelajuan aci)<\/td>\n<td>Frekuensi tali sawat dan harmoniknya 2\u00d7, 3\u00d7, 4\u00d7 BF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"analysis-guide\">Panduan Analisis \u2014 Cara Menafsirkan Corak Harmonik<\/h2>\n<h3>Langkah 1: Kenal pasti Asas (1\u00d7)<\/h3>\n<p>Cari puncak 1\u00d7 yang sepadan dengan kelajuan putaran poros. Sahkan menggunakan a <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/tachometer\/\">takometer<\/a> atau papan nama motor. Dalam mesin kelajuan berubah-ubah, 1\u00d7 mesti dikenal pasti dengan tepat untuk setiap pengukuran.<\/p>\n<h3>Langkah 2: Katalog Semua Puncak<\/h3>\n<p>Untuk setiap puncak yang ketara, tentukan: adakah ia gandaan integer tepat 1\u00d7 (harmonik sebenar)? Gandaan pecahan (sub-harmonik)? Tidak berkaitan dengan kelajuan aci (tidak segerak)? Gunakan ciri kursor harmonik penganalisis untuk kecekapan.<\/p>\n<h3>Langkah 3: Periksa corak amplitud<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Harmonik mana yang dominan? \u2192 Menunjuk kepada kerosakan tertentu<\/li>\n<li>Berapa banyak harmonik yang hadir? \u2192 Lebih banyak = distorsi yang lebih teruk<\/li>\n<li>Adakah 2\u00d7 melebihi 1\u00d7? \u2192 Kemungkinan penjajaran yang salah<\/li>\n<li>Adakah sub-harmonic hadir? \u2192 Ketidakliuran, geseran, atau <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/oil-whirl\/\">pusaran minyak<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Adakah amplitud berkurang dengan orde (peluruhan 1\/n)? \u2192 Lazim bagi kelonggaran<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Langkah 4: Semak arah<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Radial tinggi, aksial rendah:<\/strong> Ketidakseimbangan atau kelonggaran<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aksial tinggi:<\/strong> Ketidaksejajaran (terutamanya sudut) atau aci bengkok<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arah radial:<\/strong> Kelonggaran struktur (lebih tinggi dalam arah kendur)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Langkah 5: Tren Sepanjang Masa<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Adakah amplitud harmonik meningkat? \u2192 Kerosakan sedang berkembang<\/li>\n<li>Adakah harmonik baru muncul? \u2192 Mekanisme kerosakan baru sedang berkembang<\/li>\n<li>Adakah paras hingar meningkat? \u2192 Keausan umum atau kerosakan peringkat akhir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Langkah 6: Korelasikan dengan Data Fasa<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tidak seimbang:<\/strong> Fasa 1\u00d7 adalah stabil dan boleh diulang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>salah jajaran:<\/strong> Fasa 1\u00d7 atau 2\u00d7 menunjukkan kira-kira 180\u00b0 merentasi gandingan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kelonggaran:<\/strong> Fasa tidak stabil, mungkin berubah secara rawak antara pengukuran.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dalam praktik, keenam-enam langkah boleh dilaksanakan di lokasi dengan instrumen dua saluran mudah alih seperti <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-1\/\">Balanset-1A<\/a>: pasang akselerometer, tangkap spektrum dan fasa 1\u00d7 semasa mesin beroperasi, dan baca corak harmonic terus lawan jadual diagnostik di atas \u2014 kemudian betulkan sebarang ketidakseimbangan sisa tanpa mengeluarkan rotor.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"case-studies\">Kajian Kes \u2014 Analisis Harmoni Dunia Sebenar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<div class=\"example-title\">Kes 1: Motor-Pam \u2014 Adakah ia Ketidakseimbangan atau Ketidaksejajaran?<\/div>\n<p><strong>Mesin:<\/strong> Motor 30 kW memacu pam sentrifugal pada 2960 RPM melalui kopling fleksibel. Getaran keseluruhan: 6.2 mm\/s pada galas hujung pemacu motor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spektrum:<\/strong> 1\u00d7 = 4.1 mm\/s, 2\u00d7 = 3.8 mm\/s, 3\u00d7 = 1.2 mm\/s. Nisbah 2\u00d7\/1\u00d7 = 0.93.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Arah:<\/strong> Getaran radial tinggi 2\u00d7 pada kedua-dua galas hujung pemacu. Getaran aksial 1\u00d7 pada kopling: motor = 2.8 mm\/s, pam = 3.1 mm\/s dengan perbezaan fasa 165\u00b0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagnosis:<\/strong> Ketidaksejajaran sudut dan selari gabungan. Nisbah 2\u00d7\/1\u00d7 yang hampir 1.0, bacaan paksi yang tinggi, dan fasa kira-kira 180\u00b0 merentasi penyambung mengesahkannya. BUKAN ketidakseimbangan \u2014 walaupun 1\u00d7 meningkat, corak 2\u00d7 adalah cerita sebenar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tindakan:<\/strong> Penjajaran laser telah dilakukan. Selepas penjajaran: 1\u00d7 = 0.8 mm\/s, 2\u00d7 = 0.3 mm\/s. Secara keseluruhan menurun kepada 1.1 mm\/s \u2014 pengurangan 82%.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<div class=\"example-title\">Kes 2: Kipas \u2014 Mengapa Penyeimbangan Tidak Berfungsi?<\/div>\n<p><strong>Mesin:<\/strong> Kipas empar pada 1480 RPM. Getaran: 8.5 mm\/s. Percubaan pengimbangan sebelum ini mengurangkan 1\u00d7 tetapi getaran keseluruhan kekal tinggi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spektrum:<\/strong> 1\u00d7 = 2.1 mm\/s (rendah selepas pengimbangan), \u00bd\u00d7 = 1.8 mm\/s, 2\u00d7 = 3.2 mm\/s, 3\u00d7 = 2.5 mm\/s, 4\u00d7 = 1.8 mm\/s, 5\u00d7 = 1.1 mm\/s, 6\u00d7 = 0.7 mm\/s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagnosis:<\/strong> Kelonggaran mekanikal (Jenis B). Keluarga harmonik dengan sub-harmonik \u00bd\u00d7 adalah ciri utamanya. Penyeimbangan telah membetulkan 1\u00d7 tetapi tidak dapat menangani harmonik yang dihasilkan oleh kelonggaran yang menguasai getaran keseluruhan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tindakan:<\/strong> Pemeriksaan mendedahkan rumah galas longgar sebanyak 0.08 mm dalam lubang pedestal. Rumah galas telah dibor semula dan galas baru dipasang. Selepas pembaikan: semua harmonik kembali ke paras asas. Keseluruhan: 1.4 mm\/s.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<div class=\"example-title\">Kes 3: Motor Pemampat \u2014 Elektrikal atau Mekanikal?<\/div>\n<p><strong>Mesin:<\/strong> Motor induksi 4-kutub, 50 Hz pada 1485 RPM yang memacu pemampat skru. Getaran meningkat daripada 2.0 hingga 5.5 mm\/s dalam tempoh 3 bulan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spektrum:<\/strong> Puncak dominan pada 100 Hz (= 2FL). Juga: 1\u00d7 pada 24.75 Hz = 1.2 mm\/s, jalur sisi sekitar 1\u00d7 pada selang \u00b11.0 Hz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ujian Utama:<\/strong> Pemotongan kuasa \u2014 puncak 100 Hz turun kepada sifar dalam satu pusingan.  Sisihan sisi 1\u00d7 berterusan semasa pelambatan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagnosis:<\/strong> Dua masalah: (1) Elektrikal \u2014 eksentrisiti stator menyebabkan 2FL. (2) Mekanikal \u2014 jalur sisi 1\u00d7 pada \u00b11.0 Hz (= frekuensi lulus kutub untuk motor 4-kutub dengan selip 1.0%) mencadangkan kecacatan bar rotor yang sedang berkembang.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tindakan:<\/strong> Motor dihantar untuk digulung semula. Disahkan: 2 bar rotor patah + keeksentrikan stator akibat lendutan asas. Selepas digulung semula dan pemasangan shim: getaran 1.6 mm\/s.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"info-box success\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">Peralatan Vibromera untuk Analisis Harmoni<\/div>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-1\/\">Balanset-1A<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-4\/\">Balanset-4<\/a> menyediakan secara masa nyata <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/fft\/\">Analisis spektrum FFT<\/a> dengan penjejakan kursor harmonik, membolehkan pengecaman tapak bagi corak 1\u00d7, 2\u00d7, 3\u00d7 dan diagnosis kerosakan. Peranti-peranti ini menggabungkan analisis getaran untuk diagnostik dan ketepatan <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/balancing\/\">menyeimbangkan<\/a> untuk pembetulan \u2014 mengenal pasti masalah dan membetulkannya dengan satu instrumen.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<hr style=\"margin: 48px 0 24px; border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/\">\u2190 Kembali ke Indeks Glosari<\/a><\/p>\n<\/article>\n<p>      <!-- TOC SIDEBAR --><\/p>\n<aside class=\"toc-sidebar\">\n<div class=\"toc-box\">\n<h3>Di Halaman Ini<\/h3>\n<p>          <a href=\"#calculator\">Pengira Harmoni<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#diagnostic-cards\">Kad Corak Kegagalan<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#diagnostic-table\">Jadual Diagnostik<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#definition\">Definisi<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#why-generated\">Mengapa dijana<\/a><br \/>\n          <a class=\"sub\" href=\"#why-generated\">Teorem Fourier&#8217;s<\/a><br \/>\n          <a class=\"sub\" href=\"#why-generated\">Mekanisme Fizikal<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#fault-signatures\">Tandatangan Kerosakan<\/a><br \/>\n          <a class=\"sub\" href=\"#fault-signatures\">1\u00d7 \u2014 Ketidakseimbangan<\/a><br \/>\n          <a class=\"sub\" href=\"#fault-signatures\">2\u00d7 \u2014 Ketidaksejajaran<\/a><br \/>\n          <a class=\"sub\" href=\"#fault-signatures\">Banyak \u00d7 \u2014 Kelonggaran<\/a><br \/>\n          <a class=\"sub\" href=\"#fault-signatures\">Aci bengkok, Geseran, Elektrikal<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#non-synchronous\">Puncak tidak serentak<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#analysis-guide\">Panduan Analisis (6 Langkah)<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"#case-studies\">Kajian Kes<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n<div class=\"toc-box\" style=\"margin-top: 24px; background: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy);\">\n<h3 style=\"color: var(--white);\">Peralatan Vibromera<\/h3>\n<p style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 12px;\">Analisis spektrum FFT mudah alih + pengimbangan tepat dalam satu peranti.<\/p>\n<p>          <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-1\/\" style=\"display: block; padding: 8px 14px; background: var(--blue); color: white; border-radius: 6px; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; margin-bottom: 8px; border-left: none;\">Balanset-1A \u2192<\/a><br \/>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/product\/balanset-4\/\" style=\"display: block; padding: 8px 14px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); color: white; border-radius: 6px; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2); border-left: none;\">Balanset-4 \u2192<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n<\/aside><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/main><\/p>\n<p><!-- SHOP CTA --><\/p>\n<section class=\"shop-cta\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h2>Analisis Getaran Profesional &amp; Pengimbangan<\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis corak harmonic dan seimbangkan rotor di lapangan dengan peranti mudah alih Vibromera \u2014 spektrum FFT, pengukuran fasa, dan penyeimbangan patuh ISO dalam satu instrumen.<\/p>\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/shop\/\" class=\"cta-btn\">Lihat Peralatan \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- FOOTER --><\/p>\n<footer class=\"page-footer\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/\">\u2190 Kembali ke Glosari<\/a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/\">vibromera.eu<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<hr>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/glossary\/\">\u2190 Kembali ke Indeks Utama<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ketahui tentang harmonik dalam analisis getaran. Fahami cara gandaan integer bagi frekuensi asas ini dijana dan perkara yang ditunjukkan tentang kesihatan mesin, seperti salah jajaran dan kelonggaran.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[114,109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","category-analysis","category-glossary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101731,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/136\/revisions\/101731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}