{"id":100224,"date":"2026-02-15T20:28:14","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100224"},"modified":"2026-03-05T15:42:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T15:42:59","slug":"shaft-radial-runout","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/calculators\/shaft-radial-runout\/","title":{"rendered":"Calculadora de excentricidade radial do eixo \u2014 Ferramenta TIR gratuita | Vibromera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Shaft Radial Runout Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"TIR Calculator\",\"Permissible Runout Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Calculate permissible shaft radial runout (TIR) based on balance grade and operating speed. Compare measured runout against ISO 21940 limits.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/shaft-radial-runout\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-14\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Permissible TIR calculation\",\"Pass\/Fail comparison\",\"Balance grades G0.4\u2013G40\",\"Metric and Imperial units\",\"Auto-calculation on input change\",\"URL parameter sharing\",\"Calculation history\"],\"keywords\":\"shaft runout, TIR, total indicator reading, permissible eccentricity, ISO 21940\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is radial runout on a shaft?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Radial runout (TIR) is the total variation in distance measured from a shaft surface to a fixed reference as the shaft rotates one full revolution. TIR equals twice the eccentricity.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I measure runout with a dial indicator?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mount the shaft on V-blocks, place a dial indicator perpendicular to the surface, zero it, then rotate one full revolution. The total needle movement is the TIR.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What causes excessive radial runout?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Common causes: bent shaft, manufacturing eccentricity, bearing journal wear, improper coupling alignment, and assembly errors.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the relationship between runout and unbalance?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"If a shaft has eccentricity e (half the TIR), the equivalent unbalance is U = e \u00d7 m, where m is rotor mass. Runout creates mass displacement producing centrifugal force.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is acceptable runout for different applications?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"At G6.3 \/ 3000 RPM: TIR \u2248 40 \u03bcm. At G1.0 \/ 6000 RPM: TIR < 5.3 \u03bcm. At G6.3 \/ 1500 RPM: TIR \u2248 80 \u03bcm. 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}\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-shaft-runout\">\n\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Shaft Radial Runout Calculator<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate permissible shaft radial runout (TIR \u2014 Total Indicator Reading) based on balance quality grade and operating speed. Compare measured runout against ISO 21940 limits.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">ISO 21940-11<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">TIR \/ Eccentricity<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Pass \/ Fail Check<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <div class=\"vc-unit-bar\">\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn vc-active\" data-system=\"metric\">Metric (\u03bcm, kg, mm)<\/button>\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn\" data-system=\"imperial\">Imperial (mils, lb, in)<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-grade\">Balance Grade G<\/label>\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-grade\">\n                    <option value=\"0.4\">G0.4 \u2014 Spindles, gyroscopes<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"1\">G1.0 \u2014 Grinding machine drives<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"2.5\">G2.5 \u2014 Gas\/steam turbines, turbochargers<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"6.3\" selected>G6.3 \u2014 Fans, pumps, motors, general<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"16\">G16 \u2014 Agricultural machinery, crushers<\/option>\n                    <option value=\"40\">G40 \u2014 Automobile wheels, rims<\/option>\n                <\/select>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-speed\">Operating Speed <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-speed\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 3000\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-diameter\">Shaft Diameter <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-diam-hint\">(mm)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-diameter\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 50\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-mass\">Rotor Mass <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-mass-hint\">(kg)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-mass\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.001\" placeholder=\"e.g. 45\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field vc-field-full\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-measured\">Measured Runout <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">\u2014 optional, for Pass\/Fail check<\/span> <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-meas-hint\">(\u03bcm TIR)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-measured\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"Leave blank to skip\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-g=\"6.3\" data-n=\"1500\" data-d=\"50\" data-m=\"80\">Motor G6.3 \/ 1500 RPM<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-g=\"6.3\" data-n=\"3000\" data-d=\"40\" data-m=\"45\">Pump G6.3 \/ 3000 RPM<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-g=\"1\" data-n=\"6000\" data-d=\"30\" data-m=\"15\">Spindle G1.0 \/ 6000 RPM<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\n                Copy\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Permissible TIR (Total Indicator Reading)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-tir\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Permissible Eccentricity (e_per)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-ecc\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Equivalent Unbalance (U_per)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-unbal\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Angular Velocity \u03c9<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-omega\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Balance Grade<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-grade\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div id=\"vc-passfail\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Theory -->\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>Permissible Eccentricity<\/h3>\n            <p>From the balance quality grade G and operating speed:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>G<\/strong> \u2014 balance quality grade (mm\/s)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>n<\/strong> \u2014 operating speed (RPM)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>\u03c9<\/strong> \u2014 angular velocity (rad\/s) = 2\u03c0n\/60<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n\n            <h3>Total Indicator Reading<\/h3>\n            <p>TIR measured by a dial indicator is twice the eccentricity (peak-to-peak):<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Equivalent Unbalance<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-3\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Example \u2014 Pump Shaft G6.3 at 3000 RPM<\/div>\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> Speed = 3000 RPM, Grade = G6.3, Mass = 45 kg, Diameter = 40 mm<\/p>\n                <p>\u03c9 = 2\u03c0 \u00d7 3000 \/ 60 = 314.16 rad\/s<\/p>\n                <p>e<sub>per<\/sub> = 6.3 \u00d7 1000 \/ 314.16 = <strong>20.05 \u03bcm<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>TIR = 2 \u00d7 20.05 = <strong>40.1 \u03bcm<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>U<sub>per<\/sub> = 20.05 \u00d7 45 = <strong>902.3 g\u00b7mm<\/strong><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <h3>Permissible Runout Reference Table<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>Grade<\/th><th>Speed (RPM)<\/th><th>e<sub>per<\/sub> (\u03bcm)<\/th><th>TIR (\u03bcm)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>G6.3<\/td><td>750<\/td><td>80.2<\/td><td>160.4<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>G6.3<\/td><td>1500<\/td><td>40.1<\/td><td>80.2<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>G6.3<\/td><td>3000<\/td><td>20.1<\/td><td>40.1<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>G2.5<\/td><td>3000<\/td><td>7.96<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>G2.5<\/td><td>6000<\/td><td>3.98<\/td><td>7.96<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>G1.0<\/td><td>6000<\/td><td>1.59<\/td><td>3.18<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>G1.0<\/td><td>12000<\/td><td>0.80<\/td><td>1.59<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Related -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/residual-unbalance-iso1940\/\">Residual Unbalance (ISO 21940)<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/rotor-deflection\/\">Rotor Deflection on Supports<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/vibration-velocity\/\">Vibration Velocity (ISO 10816)<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>\n        Professional field balancing instruments and software. Achieve ISO 21940-11 compliance on-site with precision runout measurement. Used in 50+ countries.\n    <\/div>\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Based on ISO 21940-11. Last updated: June 2025<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\n        <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function() {\n    'use strict';\n\n    var SLUG = 'shaft-radial-runout';\n    var unitSystem = 'metric';\n    var KG2LB = 2.20462;\n    var MM2IN = 1\/25.4;\n    var UM2MIL = 1\/25.4;\n    var GMM2OZIN = 1\/720;\n\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\n    function fmt(n, d) {\n        if (isNaN(n)) return '\u2014';\n        if (n === 0) return '0';\n        if (d !== undefined) { var f = n.toFixed(d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/, '$1').replace(\/\\.$\/, ''); }\n        if (Math.abs(n) < 1) return n.toFixed(3);\n        if (Math.abs(n) < 10) return n.toFixed(2);\n        if (Math.abs(n) < 100) return n.toFixed(1);\n        return Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US');\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 CALCULATION \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function calculate() {\n        var speedVal = parseFloat($('vc-speed').value);\n        var grade = parseFloat($('vc-grade').value);\n\n        if (!speedVal || speedVal <= 0) {\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var massVal = parseFloat($('vc-mass').value);\n        var diamVal = parseFloat($('vc-diameter').value);\n        var measuredVal = parseFloat($('vc-measured').value);\n\n        var hasMass = massVal > 0;\n        var massKg = hasMass ? (unitSystem === 'imperial' ? massVal \/ KG2LB : massVal) : 0;\n        var hasDiam = diamVal > 0;\n        var diamMm = hasDiam ? (unitSystem === 'imperial' ? diamVal \/ MM2IN : diamVal) : 0;\n\n        var omega = 2 * Math.PI * speedVal \/ 60;\n        var eper = grade * 1000 \/ omega;  \/\/ \u03bcm\n        var tir = 2 * eper;               \/\/ \u03bcm\n        var uper = hasMass ? eper * massKg : 0;\n\n        \/* Display TIR *\/\n        var tirDisplay = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? (tir * UM2MIL) : tir;\n        var tirUnit = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'mils' : '\u03bcm';\n        $('vc-r-tir').innerHTML = (tirDisplay < 1 ? tirDisplay.toFixed(3) : tirDisplay < 10 ? tirDisplay.toFixed(2) : tirDisplay.toFixed(1)) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">' + tirUnit + '<\/span>';\n\n        \/* Eccentricity *\/\n        var eperDisplay = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? (eper * UM2MIL) : eper;\n        $('vc-r-ecc').innerHTML = (eperDisplay < 1 ? eperDisplay.toFixed(3) : eperDisplay < 10 ? eperDisplay.toFixed(2) : eperDisplay.toFixed(1)) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">' + (unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'mils' : '\u03bcm') + '<\/span>';\n\n        \/* Unbalance *\/\n        if (hasMass) {\n            var uperDisplay = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? (uper * GMM2OZIN) : uper;\n            var unitU = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'oz\u00b7in' : 'g\u00b7mm';\n            $('vc-r-unbal').innerHTML = (uperDisplay < 1 ? uperDisplay.toFixed(3) : uperDisplay < 10 ? uperDisplay.toFixed(2) : uperDisplay.toFixed(1)) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">' + unitU + '<\/span>';\n        } else {\n            $('vc-r-unbal').innerHTML = '<span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">Enter mass to calculate<\/span>';\n        }\n\n        $('vc-r-omega').innerHTML = fmt(omega, 2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">rad\/s<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-grade').innerHTML = 'G' + grade;\n\n        \/* Pass\/Fail *\/\n        var pfDiv = $('vc-passfail');\n        if (!isNaN(measuredVal) && measuredVal >= 0 && $('vc-measured').value !== '') {\n            var measuredUm = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? measuredVal \/ UM2MIL : measuredVal;\n            var pass = measuredUm <= tir;\n            var measuredDisplay = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? measuredVal.toFixed(2) + ' mils' : measuredVal.toFixed(1) + ' \u03bcm';\n            var permDisplay = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? tirDisplay.toFixed(2) + ' mils' : tir.toFixed(1) + ' \u03bcm';\n            var ratio = (measuredUm \/ tir * 100).toFixed(1);\n            if (pass) {\n                pfDiv.innerHTML = '<div class=\"vc-pass-fail vc-pass\">\u2713 PASS \u2014 Measured ' + measuredDisplay + ' \u2264 Permissible ' + permDisplay + ' (' + ratio + '% of limit)<\/div>';\n            } else {\n                pfDiv.innerHTML = '<div class=\"vc-pass-fail vc-fail\">\u2717 FAIL \u2014 Measured ' + measuredDisplay + ' > Permissible ' + permDisplay + ' (' + ratio + '% of limit)<\/div>';\n            }\n        } else {\n            pfDiv.innerHTML = '';\n        }\n\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n        \/* URL params *\/\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\n        u.searchParams.set('grade', grade);\n        u.searchParams.set('speed', speedVal);\n        if (hasDiam) u.searchParams.set('diameter', $('vc-diameter').value);\n        if (hasMass) u.searchParams.set('mass', $('vc-mass').value);\n        if (!isNaN(measuredVal) && $('vc-measured').value !== '') u.searchParams.set('measured', $('vc-measured').value);\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\n\n        \/* History *\/\n        var summary = 'G' + grade + ', ' + speedVal + ' RPM \u2192 TIR=' + (tirDisplay < 10 ? tirDisplay.toFixed(2) : tirDisplay.toFixed(1)) + ' ' + tirUnit;\n        saveHistory({\n            grade: grade,\n            speed: speedVal,\n            diameter: $('vc-diameter').value,\n            mass: $('vc-mass').value,\n            measured: $('vc-measured').value,\n            _summary: summary\n        });\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 UNIT TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var unitBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.vc-unit-btn');\n    unitBtns.forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.remove('vc-active'); });\n            this.classList.add('vc-active');\n            unitSystem = this.getAttribute('data-system');\n            $('vc-mass-hint').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lb)' : '(kg)';\n            $('vc-diam-hint').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(in)' : '(mm)';\n            $('vc-meas-hint').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(mils TIR)' : '(\u03bcm TIR)';\n            try { localStorage.setItem('vc_units', unitSystem); } catch(e) {}\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 PRESETS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            $('vc-grade').value = this.getAttribute('data-g');\n            $('vc-speed').value = this.getAttribute('data-n');\n            var d = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-d'));\n            var m = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-m'));\n            $('vc-diameter').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? (d * MM2IN).toFixed(3) : d;\n            $('vc-mass').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? (m * KG2LB).toFixed(1) : m;\n            $('vc-measured').value = '';\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 AUTO-CALCULATE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COPY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\n        var text = 'Shaft Radial Runout Calculation\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'Grade: G' + $('vc-grade').value + '\\n' +\n            'Speed: ' + $('vc-speed').value + ' RPM\\n' +\n            'Permissible TIR: ' + $('vc-r-tir').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Eccentricity: ' + $('vc-r-ecc').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Unbalance: ' + $('vc-r-unbal').textContent + '\\n' +\n            '\u03c9: ' + $('vc-r-omega').textContent + '\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'vibromera.eu\/calculators\/shaft-radial-runout\/';\n\n        if (navigator.clipboard) {\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function() {\n                var btn = $('vc-copy-btn');\n                btn.classList.add('vc-copied');\n                btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\n                setTimeout(function() {\n                    btn.classList.remove('vc-copied');\n                    btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';\n                }, 2000);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            var section = this.closest('.vc-section');\n            var isOpen = section.classList.contains('vc-open');\n            section.classList.toggle('vc-open');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isOpen);\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    var faqData = [\n        { q: 'What is radial runout on a shaft?', a: '<p>Radial runout (TIR \u2014 Total Indicator Reading) is the total variation in distance measured from a shaft surface to a fixed reference point as the shaft rotates one full revolution. It indicates how much the shaft deviates from perfect concentricity. TIR equals twice the eccentricity.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'How do I measure runout with a dial indicator?', a: '<p>Mount the shaft on V-blocks or between centers, place a dial indicator perpendicular to the shaft surface, zero the indicator, then slowly rotate the shaft one full revolution. The total needle movement (max minus min) is the TIR.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What causes excessive radial runout?', a: '<p>Common causes include:<\/p><ul><li>Bent shaft from thermal distortion or impact<\/li><li>Manufacturing eccentricity (turning error)<\/li><li>Bearing journal wear or damage<\/li><li>Improper coupling alignment<\/li><li>Assembly errors (misaligned press-fit components)<\/li><\/ul>' },\n        { q: 'What is the relationship between runout and unbalance?', a: '<p>If a shaft has eccentricity e (half the TIR), the equivalent unbalance is U = e \u00d7 m, where m is rotor mass. This means runout creates a mass displacement that produces centrifugal force during rotation. However, not all unbalance comes from runout.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What is acceptable runout for different applications?', a: '<p>Acceptable runout depends on speed and balance grade:<\/p><ul><li><strong>G6.3 \/ 3000 RPM:<\/strong> TIR \u2248 40 \u03bcm<\/li><li><strong>G1.0 \/ 6000 RPM:<\/strong> TIR < 5.3 \u03bcm<\/li><li><strong>G6.3 \/ 1500 RPM:<\/strong> TIR \u2248 80 \u03bcm<\/li><\/ul><p>Always calculate for your specific conditions.<\/p>' }\n    ];\n\n    var faqList = $('vc-faq-list');\n    faqData.forEach(function(faq) {\n        faqList.innerHTML += '<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>' + faq.q + '<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">' + faq.a + '<\/div><\/div><\/div>';\n    });\n    faqList.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n        var btn = e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');\n        if (!btn) return;\n        btn.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');\n    });\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 HISTORY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function saveHistory(entry) {\n        var key = 'vc_history_' + SLUG;\n        var arr = [];\n        try { arr = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key)) || []; } catch(e) {}\n        entry._ts = new Date().toISOString();\n        arr.unshift(entry);\n        if (arr.length > 10) arr = arr.slice(0, 10);\n        try { localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(arr)); } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 URL PARAMS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function loadParams() {\n        var p = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n        var map = { grade: 'vc-grade', speed: 'vc-speed', diameter: 'vc-diameter', mass: 'vc-mass', measured: 'vc-measured' };\n        Object.keys(map).forEach(function(k) {\n            var v = p.get(k);\n            if (v) $(map[k]).value = v;\n        });\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 KATEX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function renderFormulas() {\n        try {\n            katex.render('e_{per} = \\\\frac{G \\\\times 1000}{\\\\omega} = \\\\frac{G \\\\times 1000}{2\\\\pi n \/ 60} \\\\quad [\\\\mu m]', $('vc-katex-1'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('TIR = 2 \\\\times e_{per} \\\\quad [\\\\mu m]', $('vc-katex-2'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('U_{per} = e_{per} \\\\times m \\\\quad [g \\\\cdot mm]', $('vc-katex-3'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n        } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 INIT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    function init() {\n        try {\n            var saved = localStorage.getItem('vc_units');\n            if (saved === 'imperial') {\n                unitSystem = 'imperial';\n                unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-system') === 'imperial'); });\n                $('vc-mass-hint').textContent = '(lb)';\n                $('vc-diam-hint').textContent = '(in)';\n                $('vc-meas-hint').textContent = '(mils TIR)';\n            }\n        } catch(e) {}\n\n        loadParams();\n        renderFormulas();\n        calculate();\n    }\n\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\n    } else {\n        init();\n    }\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcule o desvio radial admiss\u00edvel do eixo (TIR) com base na inclina\u00e7\u00e3o do balanceamento e na velocidade de opera\u00e7\u00e3o. Compare o desvio medido com os limites da norma ISO 21940.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100224","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100774,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100224\/revisions\/100774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}