{"id":100195,"date":"2026-02-15T20:26:08","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100195"},"modified":"2026-07-13T04:44:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T04:44:12","slug":"press-force-calculator","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sk\/calculators\/press-force-calculator\/","title":{"rendered":"Documented Simultaneous Punching-Force Worksheet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Documented Simultaneous Punching-Force Worksheet\",\"description\":\"Calculate the nominal sharp, no-shear cutting force for simultaneous blanking or punching from controlled cutting length, thickness and punching shear strength.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/press-force-calculator\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"EngineeringApplication\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-13\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the result the required press capacity?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. It is a nominal sharp, no-shear cutting-force estimate. Press selection additionally requires the machine manufacturer's force-versus-slide-position rating, available energy, speed, tooling and station limits, reverse loads, stripping and ejection, dynamic effects, overload protection and the applicable safety requirements.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does ISO 16092 supply the cutting-force formula?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. ISO 16092 is a machinery-safety series. The perimeter-times-thickness-times-punching-shear-strength equation used here is documented as a manufacturer engineering formula, not an ISO formula.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can shear strength be inferred from tensile strength?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Not by a universal percentage on this worksheet. Use a controlled punching shear strength or cutting resistance for the actual grade, condition, thickness direction, temperature and relevant process basis.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does die clearance leave peak force unchanged?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No such claim is made. Clearance, edge condition, punch or die shear, material variability, geometry, lubrication and process dynamics can change the actual force trace and peak.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is there no safety-factor or stripping-force percentage?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A universal multiplier would hide machine-, tool- and process-specific requirements. Obtain selection factors, stripping and ejection loads, and operating limits from the applicable machine and tooling documentation.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Documented Simultaneous Punching-Force Worksheet\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/press-force-calculator\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<style>\n:root{--vc-surface:#fff;--vc-alt:#f8f6f2;--vc-ink:#1a1a1a;--vc-secondary:#5a5650;--vc-muted:#807b73;--vc-accent:#b84f22;--vc-accent-light:#fdf0ea;--vc-yellow:#825f00;--vc-yellow-light:#fff8dc;--vc-red:#9d2b24;--vc-red-light:#fff0ee;--vc-border:#d9d4cc;--vc-border-light:#e8e4dd;--vc-shadow:0 1px 3px 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a{color:var(--vc-accent)}@media(max-width:720px){.vc-grid,.vc-result-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.vc-result-primary{grid-column:auto}.vc-form,.vc-results{padding:18px}}@media print{.vc-section-body,.vc-results{display:block!important}.vc-copy,.vc-chevron,.vc-actions{display:none}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\">\n<header class=\"vc-header\"><p class=\"vc-eyebrow\">Source-gated cutting-force arithmetic<\/p><h1 class=\"vc-title\">Documented Simultaneous Punching-Force Worksheet<\/h1><p class=\"vc-subtitle\">Calculate the nominal force to shear selected contours through flat stock with a straight, sharp punch and die and no intentional tool shear. The result is not a required press capacity or a machine-selection verdict.<\/p><div class=\"vc-badges\"><span class=\"vc-badge\">F\u2080 = L<sub>total<\/sub> \u00b7 t \u00b7 \u03c4<\/span><span class=\"vc-badge\">Sharp \/ no tool shear<\/span><span class=\"vc-badge\">Not an ISO force formula<\/span><\/div><\/header>\n<div class=\"vc-card\"><form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" novalidate><div class=\"vc-grid\">\n<div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-system\">Input unit system<\/label><select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-system\"><option value=\"metric\">Metric: mm and MPa<\/option><option value=\"imperial\">US customary: in and ksi<\/option><\/select><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-shape\">Contour geometry<\/label><select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-shape\"><option value=\"custom\">Documented cutting length<\/option><option value=\"circle\">Circle<\/option><option value=\"rect\">Rectangle<\/option><\/select><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-custom-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-cut-length\">Cutting length per contour <span class=\"vc-hint vc-len-unit\">(mm)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-cut-length\" inputmode=\"decimal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-circle-field\" hidden><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-diameter\">Circle diameter d <span class=\"vc-hint vc-len-unit\">(mm)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-diameter\" inputmode=\"decimal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-rect-a-field\" hidden><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-side-a\">Rectangle side a <span class=\"vc-hint vc-len-unit\">(mm)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-side-a\" inputmode=\"decimal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-rect-b-field\" hidden><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-side-b\">Rectangle side b <span class=\"vc-hint vc-len-unit\">(mm)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-side-b\" inputmode=\"decimal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-count\">Identical contours engaged simultaneously <span class=\"vc-hint\">(positive integer)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-count\" inputmode=\"numeric\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-thickness\">Stock thickness t <span class=\"vc-hint vc-len-unit\">(mm)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-thickness\" inputmode=\"decimal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-tau\">Documented punching shear strength \/ cutting resistance \u03c4 <span class=\"vc-hint vc-stress-unit\">(MPa = N\/mm\u00b2)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-tau\" inputmode=\"decimal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-field vc-wide\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-source\">Controlled basis \/ source <span class=\"vc-hint\">(required: material grade, condition, thickness and \u03c4 basis)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" id=\"vc-source\"><\/div>\n<label class=\"vc-check vc-wide\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vc-confirm\"><span>I confirm that the entered contours engage simultaneously; L, t and \u03c4 describe the same operation; flat uniform stock and a straight, sharp punch\/die with no intentional shear are reasonable assumptions; and clearance, wear, stripping\/ejection, machine force-versus-position, energy, speed, station\/tool ratings, dynamics, overload protection and applicable safety requirements will be checked separately.<\/span><\/label>\n<div class=\"vc-actions vc-wide\"><button class=\"vc-calc-btn\" type=\"submit\">Calculate nominal cutting force<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div><\/form><div class=\"vc-error\" id=\"vc-error\" role=\"alert\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div class=\"vc-results-head\"><h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Ideal sharp \/ no-shear result<\/h2><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy\" id=\"vc-copy\">Copy<\/button><\/div><div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n<div class=\"vc-result vc-result-primary\"><div class=\"vc-result-label\">Nominal simultaneous cutting force F\u2080<\/div><div class=\"vc-result-value\" id=\"vc-r-force\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-result\"><div class=\"vc-result-label\">Single-contour cutting length<\/div><div class=\"vc-result-value\" id=\"vc-r-single\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-result\"><div class=\"vc-result-label\">Total simultaneous cutting length<\/div><div class=\"vc-result-value\" id=\"vc-r-total\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-result\"><div class=\"vc-result-label\">Nominal sheared area L<sub>total<\/sub>\u00b7t<\/div><div class=\"vc-result-value\" id=\"vc-r-area\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-result\"><div class=\"vc-result-label\">Exact force-unit conversions<\/div><div class=\"vc-result-value\" id=\"vc-r-conversions\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"vc-warning\"><strong>Do not select a press from F\u2080 alone.<\/strong> This result contains no capacity allowance and does not establish the actual force trace, peak, energy, reverse load, tooling limit or safe machine operating point.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"vc-section vc-open\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\"><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Equation, variables and applicability<\/span><span class=\"vc-chevron\">\u2304<\/span><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n<h3>Nominal straight-punch estimate<\/h3><div class=\"vc-formula\">L<sub>single<\/sub> = entered length, \u03c0d, or 2(a + b)<br>L<sub>total<\/sub> = n L<sub>single<\/sub><br>A<sub>shear<\/sub> = L<sub>total<\/sub> t<br>F\u2080 = A<sub>shear<\/sub> \u03c4 = L<sub>total<\/sub> t \u03c4<\/div>\n<p>L is cutting-edge length, not blank area. n is the count of identical contours whose selected edges engage at the same time. With L and t in mm and \u03c4 in N\/mm\u00b2 (MPa), F\u2080 is in newtons. With inch\/ksi inputs, the worksheet first converts them with exact NIST factors and then evaluates the same SI equation.<\/p>\n<table class=\"vc-table\"><thead><tr><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Controlled meaning<\/th><th>Unit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>L<sub>single<\/sub><\/td><td>Complete cutting length of one selected contour<\/td><td>mm or in<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n<\/td><td>Positive integer count engaged simultaneously<\/td><td>dimensionless<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<\/td><td>Actual stock thickness for the operation<\/td><td>mm or in<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03c4<\/td><td>Documented punching shear strength or cutting resistance for the actual material state and basis<\/td><td>MPa or ksi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F\u2080<\/td><td>Nominal sharp, no-intentional-shear simultaneous cutting force<\/td><td>N; displayed as kN and kip<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<h3>What is deliberately outside the equation<\/h3><p>The equation is not a force-versus-stroke model. Actual peak force can differ because of punch\/die clearance and edge condition, intentional shear on the punch or die, tool wear, material lot and direction, strain rate, temperature, lubrication, local geometry and machine\/tool compliance. This page does not estimate stripping, ejection, snap-through or reverse loads.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vc-warning\"><strong>No universal material table or percentage:<\/strong> \u03c4 is not reconstructed here from tensile strength, a generic material name or a broad handbook range. If its grade, condition, thickness and process basis are not controlled, the result is not suitable for equipment decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"vc-section\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Press and tooling selection boundary<\/span><span class=\"vc-chevron\">\u2304<\/span><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n<h3>F\u2080 is not rated press capacity<\/h3><p>Before selecting or approving a machine, use its controlled manufacturer data to check rated force at the relevant slide position and stroke, available energy, operating speed, tool and station capacity, load distribution, allowable reverse\/stripping\/ejection loads, dynamic shock, overload protection and all process-specific restrictions. A single universal \u201csafety factor\u201d cannot replace those checks.<\/p>\n<p>Intentional punch or die shear requires the tooling manufacturer&#8217;s applicable force-time model and limits. Mate&#8217;s guide explicitly cautions against using shear merely to bring a calculation inside press capacity because dull cutting edges can raise force. Clearance, maintenance and wear criteria likewise belong to the actual tooling system; this worksheet supplies no universal clearance, stripping-force or shear-angle percentage.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vc-warning\"><strong>Safety boundary:<\/strong> locking out, guarding, tooling, controls, setup, inspection and operation must follow the machine\/tool manufacturer and the legally applicable machinery-safety requirements. A numerical result from this page is not evidence of conformity.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"vc-section\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Sources and standards classification<\/span><span class=\"vc-chevron\">\u2304<\/span><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n<h3>Engineering source for the equation<\/h3><p>Mate Precision Technologies, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/LIT00828_Salv_III_PN_2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salvagnini Style Tooling Guide III (2010), page 28<\/a>, documents the no-shear manufacturer formula as punch perimeter \u00d7 material thickness \u00d7 material shear strength. Its published 20 mm square, 3 mm thick, 0.3447 kN\/mm\u00b2 example gives 82.7 kN. The equation on this page is therefore classified as a documented manufacturer engineering formula\u2014not an ISO formula.<\/p>\n<p>For a cluster, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mate.com\/cs\/technical-resources\/punch-press-resources\/special-applications-solution-bulletins\/category-3\/cluster-punching-tips-bulletin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mate&#8217;s Cluster Punching Tips<\/a> defines total linear cut length from the perimeter and number of punches. Any manufacturer-specific capacity percentage or application instruction remains specific to its stated equipment and is not generalized here. Exact inch, pound-force and psi conversions use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/pml\/special-publication-811\/nist-guide-si-appendix-b-conversion-factors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NIST SP 811 Appendix B<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>ISO 16092 is safety scope, not this force formula<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/55667.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 16092-1:2017<\/a> is the published general press-safety part; its official record was current but marked \u201cto be revised\u201d when accessed on 13 July 2026, with a replacement project under development. Its scope requires use with the applicable type-specific part and excludes some machines, including turret punch presses. The published type-specific records include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/63389.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 16092-2:2019<\/a> for mechanical presses, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/63390.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 16092-3:2017<\/a> for hydraulic presses and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/63391.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 16092-4:2019<\/a> for pneumatic presses.<\/p>\n<p>These public ISO records support only the scope\/status statements above. Exact safety requirements and applicability to a particular machine remain <strong>NEEDS_LICENSED_SOURCE<\/strong> plus a machine-specific legal\/conformity review. No ISO clause or table is claimed for F\u2080.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"vc-section\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently asked questions<\/span><span class=\"vc-chevron\">\u2304<\/span><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n<div class=\"vc-faq\"><button type=\"button\">Is this the required press capacity?<\/button><div>No. F\u2080 is one nominal cutting-load estimate. Machine rating versus position, energy, speed, tooling\/station capacity, load distribution, reverse loads, dynamics and manufacturer restrictions still govern selection.<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-faq\"><button type=\"button\">Can I estimate \u03c4 as a fixed percentage of tensile strength?<\/button><div>Not on this worksheet. No universal ratio is asserted. Enter controlled punching shear strength or cutting resistance for the actual grade, condition, direction, thickness and relevant basis.<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-faq\"><button type=\"button\">Does clearance leave the force unchanged?<\/button><div>No. Clearance is outside this simple equation, but that does not make it irrelevant. It and edge condition can affect fracture, quality and the actual force trace.<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-faq\"><button type=\"button\">Why is tool shear not an input?<\/button><div>The reduction depends on actual tool geometry, engagement sequence, wear and the manufacturer&#8217;s model. It cannot be represented safely by one universal percentage.<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-faq\"><button type=\"button\">What do kN and kip mean?<\/button><div>Both are force units. One kip is exactly 1,000 pound-force. Metric tonne-force and short ton-force are shown only as explicitly named conversions\u2014not as machine ratings.<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"vc-section\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related calculators<\/span><span class=\"vc-chevron\">\u2304<\/span><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-related\"><a href=\"\/calculators\/shear-force-calculator\/\">Shear force<\/a><a href=\"\/calculators\/blanking-calculator\/\">Blanking<\/a><a href=\"\/calculators\/bending-force-calculator\/\">Bending force<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">Reference cutting-force arithmetic only; independent tooling, machine and safety review remains necessary. \u00b7 <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All calculators<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n(function(){\n\"use strict\";\nvar INCH_MM=25.4,PSI_MPA=0.006894757293168361,LBF_N=4.4482216152605;\nfunction byId(id){return document.getElementById(id)}\nfunction parseDecimal(text){var s=String(text).trim();if(!s||\/[eE]\/.test(s)||!\/^[-+]?(?:\\d+(?:[.,]\\d*)?|[.,]\\d+)$\/.test(s)||s.indexOf('.')>=0&&s.indexOf(',')>=0)return null;var n=Number(s.replace(',','.'));return Number.isFinite(n)?n:null}\nfunction pressCutModel(x){var shape=x.shape,count=x.count,t=x.thickness,tau=x.tau;if(['custom','circle','rect'].indexOf(shape)<0)throw new Error('Choose a supported contour geometry.');if(!Number.isSafeInteger(count)||count<1)throw new Error('Simultaneous contour count must be a positive integer.');if(!Number.isFinite(t)||!Number.isFinite(tau)||!(t>0&&tau>0))throw new Error('Thickness and documented punching shear strength must be positive finite values.');var single;if(shape==='custom'){if(!Number.isFinite(x.cutLength)||!(x.cutLength>0))throw new Error('Cutting length per contour must be positive.');single=x.cutLength}else if(shape==='circle'){if(!Number.isFinite(x.diameter)||!(x.diameter>0))throw new Error('Circle diameter must be positive.');single=Math.PI*x.diameter}else{if(!Number.isFinite(x.sideA)||!Number.isFinite(x.sideB)||!(x.sideA>0&&x.sideB>0))throw new Error('Both rectangle sides must be positive.');single=2*(x.sideA+x.sideB)}var total=single*count,area=total*t,forceN=area*tau;var out={singleLength:single,totalLength:total,shearArea:area,forceN:forceN,kN:forceN\/1000,kip:forceN\/(1000*LBF_N),metricTonneForce:forceN\/9806.65,shortTonForce:forceN\/(2000*LBF_N)};if(!Object.keys(out).every(function(k){return Number.isFinite(out[k])}))throw new Error('Inputs produced a non-finite result; check their scale.');return out}\nfunction toSI(raw,system){var length=system==='imperial'?INCH_MM:1,stress=system==='imperial'?1000*PSI_MPA:1;return{shape:raw.shape,count:raw.count,cutLength:raw.cutLength===null?null:raw.cutLength*length,diameter:raw.diameter===null?null:raw.diameter*length,sideA:raw.sideA===null?null:raw.sideA*length,sideB:raw.sideB===null?null:raw.sideB*length,thickness:raw.thickness*length,tau:raw.tau*stress}}\nwindow.vbmPressCutModel=pressCutModel;window.vbmPressCutToSI=toSI;\nfunction fmt(n,d){return n.toLocaleString('en-US',{maximumFractionDigits:d,minimumFractionDigits:0})}\nfunction fail(message){byId('vc-error').textContent=message;byId('vc-error').classList.add('vc-show');byId('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible')}\nfunction readRequired(id,label){var value=parseDecimal(byId(id).value);if(value===null)throw new Error(label+' must be a complete decimal number with a point or comma; do not use exponents or thousands separators.');return value}\nfunction calculate(){if(!byId('vc-confirm').checked)return fail('Confirm the stated model applicability and separate machine\/tool checks before calculating.');if(byId('vc-source').value.trim().length<3)return fail('Identify the controlled material and punching-shear-strength basis.');var shape=byId('vc-shape').value,raw={shape:shape,count:readRequired('vc-count','Contour count'),cutLength:null,diameter:null,sideA:null,sideB:null,thickness:readRequired('vc-thickness','Thickness'),tau:readRequired('vc-tau','Punching shear strength')};if(shape==='custom')raw.cutLength=readRequired('vc-cut-length','Cutting length');else if(shape==='circle')raw.diameter=readRequired('vc-diameter','Circle diameter');else if(shape==='rect'){raw.sideA=readRequired('vc-side-a','Rectangle side a');raw.sideB=readRequired('vc-side-b','Rectangle side b')}var system=byId('vc-system').value,result;try{result=pressCutModel(toSI(raw,system))}catch(error){return fail(error.message)}byId('vc-error').classList.remove('vc-show');var imperial=system==='imperial',lengthFactor=imperial?INCH_MM:1,lengthUnit=imperial?' in':' mm',areaFactor=lengthFactor*lengthFactor,areaUnit=imperial?' in\u00b2':' mm\u00b2';byId('vc-r-force').textContent=fmt(result.kN,4)+' kN \u00b7 '+fmt(result.kip,4)+' kip';byId('vc-r-single').textContent=fmt(result.singleLength\/lengthFactor,6)+lengthUnit;byId('vc-r-total').textContent=fmt(result.totalLength\/lengthFactor,6)+lengthUnit;byId('vc-r-area').textContent=fmt(result.shearArea\/areaFactor,6)+areaUnit;byId('vc-r-conversions').textContent=fmt(result.metricTonneForce,4)+' metric tonne-force \u00b7 '+fmt(result.shortTonForce,4)+' short ton-force';byId('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible')}\nfunction updateShape(){var shape=byId('vc-shape').value;byId('vc-custom-field').hidden=shape!=='custom';byId('vc-circle-field').hidden=shape!=='circle';byId('vc-rect-a-field').hidden=shape!=='rect';byId('vc-rect-b-field').hidden=shape!=='rect';['vc-cut-length','vc-diameter','vc-side-a','vc-side-b'].forEach(function(id){byId(id).value=''});hideOutput()}\nfunction hideOutput(){byId('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');byId('vc-error').classList.remove('vc-show')}\nfunction clearForUnitChange(){['vc-cut-length','vc-diameter','vc-side-a','vc-side-b','vc-count','vc-thickness','vc-tau'].forEach(function(id){byId(id).value=''});byId('vc-confirm').checked=false;hideOutput();var imperial=byId('vc-system').value==='imperial';document.querySelectorAll('.vc-len-unit').forEach(function(e){e.textContent=imperial?'(in)':'(mm)'});document.querySelectorAll('.vc-stress-unit').forEach(function(e){e.textContent=imperial?'(ksi = kip\/in\u00b2)':'(MPa = N\/mm\u00b2)'})}\nbyId('vc-form').addEventListener('submit',function(e){e.preventDefault();try{calculate()}catch(error){fail(error.message)}});byId('vc-form').addEventListener('input',hideOutput);byId('vc-system').addEventListener('change',clearForUnitChange);byId('vc-shape').addEventListener('change',updateShape);document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(button){button.addEventListener('click',function(){var section=this.closest('.vc-section');section.classList.toggle('vc-open');this.setAttribute('aria-expanded',section.classList.contains('vc-open')?'true':'false')})});document.querySelectorAll('.vc-faq button').forEach(function(button){button.addEventListener('click',function(){this.parentNode.classList.toggle('vc-open')})});byId('vc-copy').addEventListener('click',function(){var text=byId('vc-results').innerText+'\\nControlled basis: '+byId('vc-source').value.trim();if(navigator.clipboard)navigator.clipboard.writeText(text)});\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calculate nominal sharp, no-shear simultaneous punching force from controlled cutting length, stock thickness and punching shear 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