{"id":100021,"date":"2026-02-15T20:06:28","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100021"},"modified":"2026-07-11T18:52:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T18:52:00","slug":"bearing-load","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/calculators\/bearing-load\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalkulator \u017eivljenjske dobe le\u017eaja L10 (ISO 281)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Bearing L10 Life Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"Bearing Life Calculator\",\"ISO 281 Calculator\",\"L10 Life Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Free online engineering calculator for bearing basic rating life L10 per ISO 281. Supports ball and roller bearings with metric and imperial units.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-load-life-l10\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-11\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"Ball and roller bearing support\",\"Physical conversion between metric and imperial units\",\"Life in hours, revolutions, and years\",\"C\/P ratio and applicability warning\",\"Strict input validation\",\"URL parameter sharing\",\"Calculation history\"],\"keywords\":\"bearing life, L10, ISO 281, dynamic load rating, bearing hours, ball bearing, roller bearing\"}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is L10 bearing life?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L10 life is the basic rating life defined by ISO 281 \u2014 the number of revolutions (or hours at a given speed) that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue damage appears. In other words, there is a 10% probability of failure before L10 is reached.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between basic and modified rating life?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L10 is the basic rating life based on C\/P and the life exponent. ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as Lnm = a1 \u00d7 aISO \u00d7 L10, where a1 accounts for the selected reliability and aISO for operating conditions including lubrication, contamination and fatigue load limit. This calculator computes only basic L10 life.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is the life exponent different for ball and roller bearings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The life exponent p reflects the contact geometry. Ball bearings have point contact (elliptical contact area), giving p = 3. Roller bearings have line contact (rectangular contact area), giving p = 10\/3 \u2248 3.333. The higher exponent for rollers means their life is more sensitive to load changes. These values are established in ISO 281.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I determine the equivalent dynamic bearing load P?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The equivalent dynamic load P combines radial (Fr) and axial (Fa) forces into a single value that would give the same bearing life. For radial bearings: P = X\u00b7Fr + Y\u00b7Fa, where X and Y are factors from the bearing catalog depending on the contact angle and Fa\/Fr ratio. For purely radial loads, P = Fr. Always consult the bearing manufacturer's catalog for exact X and Y values.\"}},\r\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What L10h value should I require?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"There is no universal acceptable L10h value. The required rating life must come from the machine specification and risk assessment, considering duty cycle, reliability target, maintenance strategy and the bearing manufacturer\u2019s application guidance. Basic rating life is not a guarantee of service life.\"}}\r\n]}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\r\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\r\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\r\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Bearing L10 Life Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-load-life-l10\/\"}\r\n]}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300;0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;0,9..40,700;1,9..40,400&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&#038;family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,700;9..144,800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n:root {\r\n    --vc-bg: #f4f1ec;\r\n    --vc-surface: #ffffff;\r\n    --vc-surface-alt: #f8f6f2;\r\n    --vc-ink: #1a1a1a;\r\n    --vc-ink-secondary: #5a5650;\r\n    --vc-ink-muted: #8a857e;\r\n    --vc-accent: #c85a2a;\r\n    --vc-accent-hover: #b04d22;\r\n    --vc-accent-light: #fdf0ea;\r\n    --vc-blue: #2a5c8c;\r\n    --vc-blue-light: #eaf1f8;\r\n    --vc-green: #2a7a4b;\r\n    --vc-green-light: #eaf8ef;\r\n    --vc-yellow: #a67c00;\r\n    --vc-yellow-light: #fef9e8;\r\n    --vc-red: #b91c1c;\r\n    --vc-red-light: #fef2f2;\r\n    --vc-border: #d9d4cc;\r\n    --vc-border-light: #e8e4dd;\r\n    --vc-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(26,26,26,0.06), 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.04);\r\n    --vc-shadow-lg: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.08), 0 16px 40px rgba(26,26,26,0.06);\r\n    --vc-radius: 8px;\r\n    --vc-radius-lg: 12px;\r\n    --vc-font: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\r\n    --vc-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Consolas', 'Monaco', monospace;\r\n    --vc-display: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.vc-calculator {\r\n    font-family: var(--vc-font);\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    line-height: 1.65;\r\n    color: var(--vc-ink);\r\n    max-width: 960px;\r\n    margin: 0 auto;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px 40px;\r\n    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\r\n}\r\n.vc-calculator *, .vc-calculator *::before, .vc-calculator *::after { box-sizing: border-box; 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}\r\n    .vc-faq-a { max-height:none!important; }\r\n    .vc-results { max-height:none!important; padding:24px!important; }\r\n    .vc-copy-btn, .vc-section-chevron, .vc-faq-chevron, .vc-presets, .vc-promo { display:none!important; }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-bearing-life\">\r\n\r\n<!-- Header -->\r\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\r\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\r\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Bearing L10 Life Calculator<\/h1>\r\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate bearing basic rating life L10 per ISO 281. Enter the dynamic load rating C, equivalent dynamic load P, bearing type, and rotational speed.<\/p>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">ISO 281:2007<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Ball &amp; Roller<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">L10 \/ L10h<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n<!-- Calculator Card -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\r\n    <div class=\"vc-unit-bar\">\r\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn vc-active\" data-system=\"metric\">Metric (kN)<\/button>\r\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn\" data-system=\"imperial\">Imperial (lbf)<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-loadC\">Dynamic Load Rating, C <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-loadC-unit\">(kN)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-loadC\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"e.g. 42.3 or 42,3\" value=\"42.3\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-loadP\">Equivalent Dynamic Load, P <span class=\"vc-label-hint\" id=\"vc-loadP-unit\">(kN)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-loadP\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"e.g. 8.5 or 8,5\" value=\"8.5\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-bearingType\">Bearing Type<\/label>\r\n                <select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-bearingType\">\r\n                    <option value=\"ball\">Ball bearing (p = 3)<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"roller\">Roller bearing (p = 10\/3)<\/option>\r\n                <\/select>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\r\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-speed\">Rotational Speed <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label>\r\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"vc-speed\" inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1500 or 1500,0\" value=\"1500\">\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Presets -->\r\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"14.8\" data-p=\"3\" data-n=\"1500\" data-t=\"ball\">Example A \u00b7 ball \u00b7 C 14.8 \u00b7 P 3 \u00b7 1500 RPM<\/button>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"61.8\" data-p=\"10\" data-n=\"3000\" data-t=\"ball\">Example B \u00b7 ball \u00b7 C 61.8 \u00b7 P 10 \u00b7 3000 RPM<\/button>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-c=\"88\" data-p=\"15\" data-n=\"1500\" data-t=\"roller\">Example C \u00b7 roller \u00b7 C 88 \u00b7 P 15 \u00b7 1500 RPM<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/form>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Results -->\r\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\r\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\r\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\r\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                Copy\r\n            <\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Basic Rating Life L\u2081\u2080\u2095<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10h\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">L\u2081\u2080 (millions of revolutions)<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10rev\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">L\u2081\u2080 (years, 24\/7 operation)<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-l10yr\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">C\/P Ratio<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-cpratio\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Life Exponent p<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-exponent\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"vc-warning-box\" id=\"vc-domain-warning\" hidden>\r\n            <p><strong>Applicability warning:<\/strong> C\/P is below 2. Public manufacturer guidance states that conventional rating-life theory is no longer fully valid in this range. The mathematical result is shown, but bearing-specific guidance and a more complete analysis are required.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Theory & Reference -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\r\n            <h3>Basic Rating Life (ISO 281)<\/h3>\r\n            <p>The basic rating life in revolutions:<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\r\n            <p>The basic rating life in hours:<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\r\n            <ul>\r\n                <li><strong>C<\/strong> \u2014 basic dynamic load rating (kN) from bearing catalog<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>P<\/strong> \u2014 equivalent dynamic bearing load (kN)<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>n<\/strong> \u2014 rotational speed (RPM)<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>p<\/strong> \u2014 life exponent: <strong>p = 3<\/strong> for ball bearings, <strong>p = 10\/3<\/strong> for roller bearings<\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-3\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <h3>Choosing a Required Life<\/h3>\r\n            <p>ISO 281 supplies a rating-life calculation, not a universal minimum life for each machine type. Select the required life from the machine specification and risk assessment, using the actual duty cycle, reliability target, maintenance strategy and bearing manufacturer\u2019s application guidance.<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-warning-box\"><p><strong>Scope:<\/strong> Basic rating life is a statistical fatigue rating under conventional conditions. ISO 281 does not address every service-life cause; wear, corrosion and electrical erosion can end service life earlier.<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\r\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\r\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Worked example \u2014 stated catalog rating and load<\/div>\r\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> C = 42.3 kN, P = 8.5 kN, Speed = 1500 RPM, Ball bearing (p = 3)<\/p>\r\n                <p>C\/P = 42.3 \/ 8.5 = 4.976<\/p>\r\n                <p>L\u2081\u2080 = (4.976)\u00b3 \u00d7 10\u2076 = 123.24 \u00d7 10\u2076 = <strong>123,244,000 rev<\/strong><\/p>\r\n                <p>L\u2081\u2080\u2095 = 123,244,000 \/ (60 \u00d7 1500) = <strong>1,369 hours<\/strong><\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"vc-info-box\">\r\n                <p><strong>\u2139\ufe0f Note:<\/strong> This calculator computes basic L\u2081\u2080 life only. ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as L<sub>nm<\/sub> = a\u2081 \u00d7 a<sub>ISO<\/sub> \u00d7 L\u2081\u2080, with factors selected for the required reliability and operating conditions.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Related Calculators -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/natural-frequency\/\">Natural Frequency (Mass-Spring)<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/bolt-tightening-torque\/\">Bolt Tightening Torque<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/residual-unbalance-iso1940\/\">Residual Unbalance (ISO 1940)<\/a>\r\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/vibration-velocity\/\">Vibration Velocity (ISO 10816)<\/a>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- FAQ -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\r\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\r\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Promo -->\r\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\r\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\r\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Vibration Diagnostics &amp; Balancing Equipment<\/strong><br>\r\n        Professional portable balancers, vibration analyzers, and condition monitoring systems. Extend bearing life through precision balancing. Used in 50+ countries.\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Footer -->\r\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\r\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132026 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\r\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Formula basis: ISO 281:2007. Scientific review: July 2026<\/p>\r\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\r\n        <a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All 298 Calculators<\/a>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/footer>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n    'use strict';\r\n\r\n    var SLUG = 'bearing-load-life-l10';\r\n    var unitSystem = 'metric';\r\n    var KN2LBF = 224.80894387096;\r\n\r\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\r\n    function fmt(n, d) { if(!isFinite(n)) return '\u2014'; var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,''); }\r\n    function parseLocaleNumber(raw) {\r\n        var normalized = String(raw).trim().replace(\/\\s+\/g, '');\r\n        if (!\/^[+-]?(?:\\d+(?:[.,]\\d*)?|[.,]\\d+)$\/.test(normalized)) return NaN;\r\n        return Number(normalized.replace(',', '.'));\r\n    }\r\n    function formatNum(n) {\r\n        if(n>=1e6) return (n\/1e6).toFixed(2)+'M';\r\n        if(n>=1e4) return Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US');\r\n        if(n>=100) return Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US');\r\n        if(n>=10) return n.toFixed(1);\r\n        if(n>=1) return n.toFixed(2);\r\n        return n.toFixed(3);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 CALCULATION \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    function calculate() {\r\n        var cVal = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-loadC').value);\r\n        var pVal = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-loadP').value);\r\n        var speed = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-speed').value);\r\n        var type = $('vc-bearingType').value;\r\n\r\n        if (!isFinite(cVal) || cVal <= 0 || !isFinite(pVal) || pVal <= 0 || !isFinite(speed) || speed <= 0 || (type !== 'ball' && type !== 'roller')) {\r\n            $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');\r\n            return;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* Convert to kN if imperial *\/\r\n        var cKN = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? cVal \/ KN2LBF : cVal;\r\n        var pKN = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? pVal \/ KN2LBF : pVal;\r\n\r\n        var p = (type === 'ball') ? 3 : (10\/3);\r\n        var cpRatio = cKN \/ pKN;\r\n        var L10rev = Math.pow(cpRatio, p) * 1e6; \/* revolutions *\/\r\n        var L10h = L10rev \/ (60 * speed); \/* hours *\/\r\n        var L10yr = L10h \/ (365.25 * 24); \/* years 24\/7 *\/\r\n        var L10Mrev = L10rev \/ 1e6; \/* millions of revolutions *\/\r\n\r\n        \/* Display *\/\r\n        $('vc-r-l10h').innerHTML = formatNum(L10h) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">hours<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-l10rev').innerHTML = L10Mrev.toFixed(2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">Mrev<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-l10yr').innerHTML = L10yr.toFixed(2) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">years<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-r-cpratio').innerHTML = cpRatio.toFixed(3);\r\n        $('vc-r-exponent').innerHTML = (type === 'ball') ? 'p = 3 <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">(ball)<\/span>' : 'p = 10\/3 \u2248 3.333 <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">(roller)<\/span>';\r\n        $('vc-domain-warning').hidden = cpRatio >= 2;\r\n\r\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\r\n\r\n        \/* URL params *\/\r\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('loadC', $('vc-loadC').value);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('loadP', $('vc-loadP').value);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('speed', speed);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('bearingType', type);\r\n        u.searchParams.set('system', unitSystem);\r\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\r\n\r\n        \/* History *\/\r\n        var forceUnit = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'lbf' : 'kN';\r\n        saveHistory({\r\n            loadC: $('vc-loadC').value,\r\n            loadP: $('vc-loadP').value,\r\n            speed: speed,\r\n            bearingType: type,\r\n            _summary: 'C=' + $('vc-loadC').value + ' ' + forceUnit + ', P=' + $('vc-loadP').value + ' ' + forceUnit + ', n=' + speed + ' RPM \u2192 L10h=' + formatNum(L10h) + ' h'\r\n        });\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 UNIT TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    var unitBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.vc-unit-btn');\r\n    unitBtns.forEach(function(btn) {\r\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n            var nextSystem = this.getAttribute('data-system');\r\n            if (nextSystem !== unitSystem) {\r\n                var currentC = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-loadC').value);\r\n                var currentP = parseLocaleNumber($('vc-loadP').value);\r\n                if (isFinite(currentC) && currentC > 0) $('vc-loadC').value = fmt(nextSystem === 'imperial' ? currentC * KN2LBF : currentC \/ KN2LBF, 5);\r\n                if (isFinite(currentP) && currentP > 0) $('vc-loadP').value = fmt(nextSystem === 'imperial' ? currentP * KN2LBF : currentP \/ KN2LBF, 5);\r\n                unitSystem = nextSystem;\r\n            }\r\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-system') === unitSystem); });\r\n            $('vc-loadC-unit').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lbf)' : '(kN)';\r\n            $('vc-loadP-unit').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lbf)' : '(kN)';\r\n            try { localStorage.setItem('vc_units_' + SLUG, unitSystem); } catch(e) {}\r\n            calculate();\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 PRESETS \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\r\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\r\n            e.preventDefault();\r\n            var c = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-c'));\r\n            var p = parseFloat(this.getAttribute('data-p'));\r\n            $('vc-loadC').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? fmt(c * KN2LBF, 1) : c;\r\n            $('vc-loadP').value = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? fmt(p * KN2LBF, 1) : p;\r\n            $('vc-speed').value = this.getAttribute('data-n');\r\n            $('vc-bearingType').value = this.getAttribute('data-t');\r\n            calculate();\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 AUTO-CALCULATE \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\r\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COPY \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n        var forceUnit = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? 'lbf' : 'kN';\r\n        var text = 'Bearing L10 Life Calculation (ISO 281)\\n' +\r\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\r\n            'Dynamic Load Rating C: ' + $('vc-loadC').value + ' ' + forceUnit + '\\n' +\r\n            'Equivalent Load P: ' + $('vc-loadP').value + ' ' + forceUnit + '\\n' +\r\n            'Speed: ' + $('vc-speed').value + ' RPM\\n' +\r\n            'Bearing Type: ' + $('vc-bearingType').value + '\\n' +\r\n            'L10h: ' + $('vc-r-l10h').textContent + '\\n' +\r\n            'L10 (Mrev): ' + $('vc-r-l10rev').textContent + '\\n' +\r\n            'C\/P Ratio: ' + $('vc-r-cpratio').textContent + '\\n' +\r\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\r\n            'vibromera.eu\/calculators\/bearing-load-life-l10\/';\r\n\r\n        if (navigator.clipboard) {\r\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function() {\r\n                var btn = $('vc-copy-btn');\r\n                btn.classList.add('vc-copied');\r\n                btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\r\n                setTimeout(function() {\r\n                    btn.classList.remove('vc-copied');\r\n                    btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy';\r\n                }, 2000);\r\n            });\r\n        }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\r\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n            var section = this.closest('.vc-section');\r\n            var isOpen = section.classList.contains('vc-open');\r\n            section.classList.toggle('vc-open');\r\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isOpen);\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    var faqData = [\r\n        { q: 'What is L10 bearing life?', a: '<p>L10 life is the basic rating life defined by ISO 281 \u2014 the number of revolutions (or hours at a given speed) that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue damage appears. In other words, there is a 10% probability of failure before L10 is reached.<\/p><p>It is the industry-standard metric for comparing and selecting bearings.<\/p>' },\r\n        { q: 'What is the difference between basic and modified rating life?', a: '<p>L10 is the basic rating life based on C\/P and the life exponent. ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as L<sub>nm<\/sub> = a\u2081 \u00d7 a<sub>ISO<\/sub> \u00d7 L\u2081\u2080.<\/p><p>The factors account for the selected reliability and operating conditions including lubrication, contamination and fatigue load limit. This calculator computes only basic L10 life.<\/p>' },\r\n        { q: 'Why is the life exponent different for ball and roller bearings?', a: '<p>The life exponent p reflects the contact geometry between rolling elements and raceways. Ball bearings have point contact (small elliptical contact area), giving p = 3. Roller bearings have line contact (rectangular contact area), giving p = 10\/3 \u2248 3.333.<\/p><p>The higher exponent for rollers means their life is more sensitive to load changes \u2014 a small load increase causes a proportionally larger reduction in life compared to ball bearings.<\/p>' },\r\n        { q: 'How do I determine the equivalent dynamic bearing load P?', a: '<p>Equivalent dynamic load reduces the actual load case or duty cycle to the load used by the rating-life equation. The applicable equation, factors and thresholds depend on bearing type, arrangement, load direction and manufacturer data.<\/p><p>Use the catalog method for the exact bearing and combine variable operating conditions correctly; P = X\u00b7F<sub>r<\/sub> + Y\u00b7F<sub>a<\/sub> is not a universal one-line rule for every bearing and load case.<\/p>' },\r\n        { q: 'What L10h value should I require?', a: '<p>There is no universal acceptable value. Derive the requirement from the machine specification and risk assessment, including duty cycle, reliability target, maintenance strategy and bearing manufacturer guidance.<\/p><p>Basic rating life is a statistical fatigue rating, not a guarantee of actual service life; wear, corrosion, electrical erosion and other mechanisms can end service life earlier.<\/p>' }\r\n    ];\r\n\r\n    var faqList = $('vc-faq-list');\r\n    faqData.forEach(function(faq) {\r\n        faqList.innerHTML += '<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>' + faq.q + '<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">' + faq.a + '<\/div><\/div><\/div>';\r\n    });\r\n    faqList.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\r\n        var btn = e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');\r\n        if (!btn) return;\r\n        btn.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 HISTORY \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    function saveHistory(entry) {\r\n        var key = 'vc_history_' + SLUG;\r\n        var arr = [];\r\n        try { arr = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key)) || []; } catch(e) {}\r\n        entry._ts = new Date().toISOString();\r\n        arr.unshift(entry);\r\n        if (arr.length > 10) arr = arr.slice(0, 10);\r\n        try { localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(arr)); } catch(e) {}\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 URL PARAMS \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    function loadParams() {\r\n        var p = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\r\n        var requestedSystem = p.get('system');\r\n        if (requestedSystem === 'metric' || requestedSystem === 'imperial') unitSystem = requestedSystem;\r\n        var hasSharedValues = p.has('loadC') || p.has('loadP') || p.has('speed') || p.has('bearingType');\r\n        if (unitSystem === 'imperial' && !hasSharedValues) {\r\n            $('vc-loadC').value = fmt(parseLocaleNumber($('vc-loadC').value) * KN2LBF, 5);\r\n            $('vc-loadP').value = fmt(parseLocaleNumber($('vc-loadP').value) * KN2LBF, 5);\r\n        }\r\n        if (p.has('loadC')) $('vc-loadC').value = p.get('loadC');\r\n        if (p.has('loadP')) $('vc-loadP').value = p.get('loadP');\r\n        if (p.has('speed')) $('vc-speed').value = p.get('speed');\r\n        if (p.has('bearingType')) $('vc-bearingType').value = p.get('bearingType');\r\n        unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-system') === unitSystem); });\r\n        $('vc-loadC-unit').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lbf)' : '(kN)';\r\n        $('vc-loadP-unit').textContent = unitSystem === 'imperial' ? '(lbf)' : '(kN)';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 KATEX \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    function renderFormulas() {\r\n        try {\r\n            katex.render('L_{10} = \\\\left(\\\\frac{C}{P}\\\\right)^p \\\\times 10^6 \\\\quad [\\\\text{rev}]', $('vc-katex-1'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\r\n            katex.render('L_{10h} = \\\\frac{L_{10}}{60 \\\\times n} \\\\quad [\\\\text{hours}]', $('vc-katex-2'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\r\n            katex.render('p = 3 \\\\text{ (ball bearings)}, \\\\quad p = \\\\tfrac{10}{3} \\\\text{ (roller bearings)}', $('vc-katex-3'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\r\n        } catch(e) {}\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 INIT \u2500\u2500 *\/\r\n    function init() {\r\n        try {\r\n            var saved = localStorage.getItem('vc_units_' + SLUG);\r\n            if (saved === 'metric' || saved === 'imperial') unitSystem = saved;\r\n        } catch(e) {}\r\n\r\n        loadParams();\r\n        renderFormulas();\r\n        calculate();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\r\n    } else {\r\n        init();\r\n    }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Izra\u010dunajte osnovno nazivno \u017eivljenjsko dobo le\u017eaja L10 po standardu ISO 281. Vnesite nazivno dinami\u010dno obremenitev C, ekvivalentno obremenitev P, vrsto le\u017eaja in hitrost, da dobite \u017eivljenjsko dobo v urah in vrtljajih.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100021","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102309,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100021\/revisions\/102309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100021"}],"curies":[{"name":"delovni list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}