{"id":192,"date":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/glossary\/phase\/"},"modified":"2026-05-23T22:37:52","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:37:52","slug":"phase","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/glossary\/phase\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaj je fazna analiza vibracij?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Razumevanje faze v analizi vibracij<\/h1>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Prenosni\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNaprave<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrenosni balanser in analizator vibracij Balanset-1A<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u20ac<\/span>1,975.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Senzor\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeli<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSenzor vibracij<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>90.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Opti\u010dni\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeli<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpti\u010dni senzor (laserski tahometer)<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>124.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Komplet\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNaprave<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBalanset-4<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>6,803.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Magnetna\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeli<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMagnetno stojalo Insize-60-kgf<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>46.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Odsevni\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeli<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOdsevni trak<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>10.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Vsebina\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNaprave<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDinami\u010dni uravnote\u017eevalnik \"Balanset-1A\" OEM<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u20ac<\/span>1,735.00<\/span> + DDV (\u010de je primerno)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Dodaj v ko\u0161arico<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n

Faza<\/strong> opisuje \u010dasovno razmerje med dvema signaloma ali, kar je \u0161e bolj koristno pri delu z rotacijskimi stroji, \u010dasovno usklajenost vibracije<\/a> signal glede na fiksno referen\u010dno oznako na vrte\u010dem se gredi. Odgovarja na vpra\u0161anje kjer je<\/em> med vrtenjem pride do vibracij, ki se obi\u010dajno merijo v stopinjah od 0\u00b0 do 360\u00b0, kar ustreza enemu celemu obratu gredi. \u010ce amplituda<\/a> vam pove koliko<\/em> naprava vibrira in frekvenca<\/a> vam pove kako hitro<\/em>, faza ti pove kako se premika<\/em> \u2014 kar je prav tisto, kar lo\u010duje napake z enako frekvenco.<\/p>\n

Prav ta zadnja to\u010dka je bistvo tega, zakaj je faza pomembna. Neuravnote\u017eenost<\/a>, neporavnanost gredi<\/a>, a upognjena gred<\/a> in . ohlapnost<\/a> vsi lahko dvignemo 1\u00d7 hitrost teka<\/a> vrh; pogosto je to edini na\u010din, da jih razlikujemo, ne da bi morali stroj razstaviti.<\/p>\n

1. Kako se meri faza<\/h2>\n

Za od\u010ditavanje faze sta potrebna dva signala:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Vibracijski signal<\/strong> \u2014 primarna meritev iz merilnik pospe\u0161ka<\/a> ali sonda za bli\u017eino<\/a> opazovanje gibanja stroja.<\/li>\n
  2. Referen\u010dni signal<\/strong> \u2014 \u010dasovni impulz, ki se pojavi enkrat na obrat, iz tahometer<\/a>, namenjen pasu odsevni trak<\/a> ali utor, tako da vsaki\u010d, ko oznaka preide mimo senzorja, spro\u017ei jasen impulz. Funkcionalno gre za isto vlogo, kot jo ima trajno vgrajeni Keyphasor<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Spletna stran analizator vibracij<\/a> nato izmeri \u010dasovni zamik med referen\u010dnim impulzom in prvim pozitivnim vrhom vibracijskega signala pri izbrani frekvenci \u2013 obi\u010dajno 1\u00d7 delovna hitrost \u2013 ter ta zamik pretvori v kot. Od\u010ditek 90\u00b0, na primer, pomeni, da vrh vibracije prispe \u010detrtino obrata po tem, ko referen\u010dna oznaka preide tahometer. Ker je rezultat vezan na dolo\u010deno frekvenco, se faza najpogosteje navaja skupaj s komponento 1\u00d7; ista ideja, posplo\u0161ena na celotno spektrum, je tista, ki naredi fazni kot<\/a> osnovni element zgodb, kot je na primer Bode<\/a> in . Nyquist<\/a> diagrami.<\/p>\n

    2. Diagnosti\u010dna mo\u010d faze<\/h2>\n

    Faza je veliko ve\u010d kot le \u0161tevilka. S primerjavo od\u010ditkov, izmerjenih na razli\u010dnih to\u010dkah stroja v isti merilni smeri, lahko analitik z visoko stopnjo zanesljivosti potrdi ali izklju\u010di dolo\u010dene diagnoze. Ponavljajo\u010da se tema je primerjava dveh mest: \u010de se skupaj<\/em> slika ka\u017ee v eno smer; \u010de se pribli\u017eajo opozicija<\/em> to ka\u017ee na drugo. V spodnjih pododdelkih so obravnavani klasi\u010dni vzorci.<\/p>\n

    Potrditev neuravnote\u017eenosti<\/h3>\n

    \u010cista neuravnote\u017eenost daje podobne fazne vrednosti \u2013 obi\u010dajno v obmo\u010dju pribli\u017eno \u00b130\u00b0 \u2013, \u010de se meri v isti radialni smeri (na primer vodoravno) na obeh le\u017eajih rotorja. V tem trenutku te\u017eko mesto celoten rotor vle\u010de v eno smer, zato se oba konca gibljeta usklajeno. Primerjava vodoravnih in navpi\u010dnih vrednosti na enem le\u017eaju prina\u0161a \u0161e en namig: pri pravi neuravnote\u017eenosti je med njima obi\u010dajno razlika pribli\u017eno 90\u00b0.<\/p>\n

    Diagnosticiranje nepravilne poravnave<\/h3>\n

    Faza je eden najbolj zanesljivih na\u010dinov za preverjanje gredi neporavnanost gredi<\/a>. Izmerite aksialne fazne vrednosti na obeh straneh sklopka<\/a>: 180-stopinjski fazni zamik (\u00b130\u00b0) je klasi\u010dni znak kotne neporavnave, ki ka\u017ee, da se, ko se en gred premika v osi navzven, drugi premika navznoter \u2013 gre za nihajno gibanje na sklopki.<\/p>\n

    Razlikovanje med neuravnote\u017eenostjo in upognjenim gredom<\/h3>\n

    Tako nesorazmerje kot tudi upognjena gred<\/a> pove\u010dajo vibracije za 1\u00d7, vendar jih fazni razmerji lo\u010dijo. Vrednosti osne faze, izmerjene na obeh koncih istega greda motorja ali \u010drpalke, ki se razlikujejo za pribli\u017eno 180\u00b0, ka\u017eejo na upogib: konca se premikata v nasprotnih osnih smereh, ko se upogib vrti.<\/p>\n

    Ugotavljanje ohlapnosti ali razpokanih temeljev<\/h3>\n

    Kadar so fazne vrednosti neredne, nestabilne ali nepovratne, mehanske ohlapnost<\/a> je obi\u010dajni osumljenec. Izrazita sprememba faze, ko se sondo premakne s podno\u017eja stroja na njegovo osnovno plo\u0161\u010do ali z osnovne plo\u0161\u010de na temelj, ka\u017ee na ohlapno pritrdilno vijako ali razpokan temelj \u2013 in nakazuje na neustrezno togost temeljev<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Potrditev resonance<\/h3>\n

    Ko se stroj pospe\u0161uje ali vozi po inerciji skozi kriti\u010dna hitrost<\/a>, se v fazi 1\u00d7 pojavi zna\u010dilen premik za 90\u00b0 to\u010dno na resonanca<\/a> vrh in popoln zasuk za 180\u00b0 po celotnem resonan\u010dnem obmo\u010dju. Opazovanje tega zasuka \u2013 ki ga je mogo\u010de zlahka zabele\u017eiti med iztek<\/a> \u2014 je najbolj zanesljiv na\u010din za potrditev, da gre za resonanco in ne za problem s silo.<\/p>\n

    3. Kratki pregled faznih vzorcev<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Opazovanje<\/th>\nVerjetna diagnoza<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Oba le\u017eaja sta v isti fazi, v isti radialni smeri<\/td>\nNeuravnote\u017eenost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u2248180\u00b0 preko spojke, v osi<\/td>\nKotna neporavnanost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u2248180\u00b0 med obema koncema enega greda, v osi<\/td>\nUkrivljeno \/ upognjeno gred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nepredvidljiva, neponovljiva faza<\/td>\nMehanska ohlapnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    90\u00b0 premik na vrhu, 180\u00b0 v tem obmo\u010dju<\/td>\nResonanca \/ kriti\u010dna hitrost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

    Ta pravila so zgolj smernice, ne pa zagotovila: preverite z amplitudo, obliko spektra in harmoni\u010dno<\/a> vsebino, preden se odlo\u010dite za popravilo.<\/p>\n

    4. Faza kot klju\u010d do ravnovesja<\/h2>\n

    Faza je nepogre\u0161ljiva za uravnote\u017eenje rotorja<\/a>. Od\u010ditek faze 1\u00d7 neposredno ka\u017ee na kotni polo\u017eaj te\u017eke to\u010dke glede na referen\u010dno oznako, s \u010dimer tehniku natan\u010dno pove, kje mora dodati ali odstraniti korekcijska te\u017ea<\/a>. V praksi analizator pred poskusna te\u017ea<\/a> se ponovno namesti in to spremembo uporabi za izra\u010dun koeficientov vpliva<\/a> ki omogo\u010dajo kon\u010dno korekcijo. Prenosni dvo-kanalni merilni instrument, kot je Balanset-1A<\/a> opravlja to merjenje amplitude in faze na lastnih le\u017eajih stroja pri delovni hitrosti, nato pa preveri preostala neuravnote\u017eenost<\/a> ko so ute\u017ei na mestu. Za izra\u010dun kotnega razporeda, kadar je treba korekcijo porazdeliti med ute\u017ei, na\u0161 Kalkulator kota vibracijske faze<\/a> skrbi za geometrijo vektorjev.<\/p>\n

    5. Zakaj Phase dopolnjuje sliko<\/h2>\n

    Brez podatkov o fazi analitik vibracij vidi le del slike \u2013 amplitudo in frekvenco, vendar nima pojma, kako se konstrukcija dejansko deformira med vsakim obratom. Faza zagotavlja ta manjkajo\u010di kontekst, saj seznam vrhov pretvori v jasno sliko gibanja in tako bistveno pove\u010da zanesljivost diagnoze. To je razlika med tem, da vemo, da stroj vibrira, in tem, da vemo, zakaj. Zato je faza sestavni del vsake resne diagnoze in nepogre\u0161ljiv temelj terenskega dela uravnote\u017eenje<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u2190 Nazaj na glavno kazalo<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vodnik po fazni analizi pri spremljanju vibracij. Spoznajte, kaj je faza, kako se meri s tahometrom in kak\u0161na je njena klju\u010dna vloga pri diagnosticiranju napak, kot sta neuravnote\u017eenost in neporavnanost.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[114,109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-192","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","category-analysis","category-glossary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101296,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/192\/revisions\/101296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=192"}],"curies":[{"name":"delovni list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}