{"id":100054,"date":"2026-02-15T20:09:32","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:09:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100054"},"modified":"2026-06-25T23:30:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T23:30:35","slug":"centrifuge-g-force","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/calculators\/centrifuge-g-force\/","title":{"rendered":"Kikokotoo cha Nguvu ya G (RCF) ya Sentrifuji | RPM hadi g"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Centrifuge G-Force (RCF) Calculator\",\"alternateName\":[\"RPM to G Calculator\",\"RCF Calculator\",\"Centrifuge Speed Calculator\"],\"description\":\"Free online calculator to convert centrifuge RPM to relative centrifugal force (RCF \/ \u00d7g) or calculate RPM from desired RCF. Includes tip speed and angular velocity output.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/centrifuge-g-force\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any (Web Browser)\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-15\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"featureList\":[\"RPM to RCF conversion\",\"RCF to RPM conversion\",\"Bidirectional mode toggle\",\"Tip speed calculation\",\"Angular velocity output\",\"Preset configurations\"],\"keywords\":\"centrifuge, g-force, RCF, RPM, ultracentrifuge, relative centrifugal force\"}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is RCF (relative centrifugal force)?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"RCF is the effective force applied to the sample in a centrifuge, expressed as multiples of gravitational acceleration (\u00d7g). RCF = 1.118 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u00d7 n\u00b2 \u00d7 R, where n is RPM and R is rotor radius in mm. Unlike RPM, RCF accounts for rotor size, making it comparable across different centrifuges.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why should I use RCF instead of RPM in protocols?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"RPM alone doesn't specify the actual force on the sample \u2014 it depends on rotor radius. Two centrifuges at the same RPM but different rotor sizes produce different g-forces. Scientific protocols specify RCF (\u00d7g) to ensure reproducible results regardless of the centrifuge model used.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What radius should I use \u2014 maximum, minimum, or average?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Use the maximum radius (r_max) \u2014 the distance from the rotation axis to the bottom of the sample tube \u2014 for the reported RCF. This gives the maximum g-force experienced by the sample. Some protocols specify r_avg (average) for sedimentation calculations.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What g-forces do different centrifuges achieve?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Typical ranges: benchtop microcentrifuges up to 20,000 \u00d7g, general lab centrifuges 3,000\u201315,000 \u00d7g, high-speed centrifuges 25,000\u2013100,000 \u00d7g, ultracentrifuges up to 1,000,000 \u00d7g. Industrial separators typically operate at 1,000\u201310,000 \u00d7g.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I convert g-force back to RPM?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Use the reverse formula: n = \u221a(RCF \/ (1.118 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u00d7 R)), where RCF is the desired g-force and R is rotor radius in mm. This calculator supports both directions \u2014 toggle between 'RPM \u2192 RCF' and 'RCF \u2192 RPM' modes.\"}}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},\n{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Centrifuge G-Force Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/centrifuge-g-force\/\"}\n]}\n<\/script>\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300;0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;0,9..40,700;1,9..40,400&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&#038;family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,700;9..144,800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\n\n<style>\n:root{--vc-bg:#f4f1ec;--vc-surface:#ffffff;--vc-surface-alt:#f8f6f2;--vc-ink:#1a1a1a;--vc-ink-secondary:#5a5650;--vc-ink-muted:#8a857e;--vc-accent:#c85a2a;--vc-accent-hover:#b04d22;--vc-accent-light:#fdf0ea;--vc-blue:#2a5c8c;--vc-blue-light:#eaf1f8;--vc-green:#2a7a4b;--vc-green-light:#eaf8ef;--vc-yellow:#a67c00;--vc-yellow-light:#fef9e8;--vc-red:#b91c1c;--vc-red-light:#fef2f2;--vc-border:#d9d4cc;--vc-border-light:#e8e4dd;--vc-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(26,26,26,0.06),0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.04);--vc-shadow-lg:0 4px 12px rgba(26,26,26,0.08),0 16px 40px rgba(26,26,26,0.06);--vc-radius:8px;--vc-radius-lg:12px;--vc-font:'DM Sans',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;--vc-mono:'JetBrains Mono','Consolas','Monaco',monospace;--vc-display:'Fraunces',Georgia,serif}\n.vc-calculator{font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--vc-ink);max-width:960px;margin:0 auto;padding:20px 16px 40px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.vc-calculator *,.vc-calculator *::before,.vc-calculator *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\n.vc-header{text-align:center;padding:48px 24px 40px;position:relative}.vc-header::after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:0;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:80px;height:3px;background:var(--vc-accent);border-radius:2px}\n.vc-header-eyebrow{font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:11px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.15em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--vc-accent);margin:0 0 12px}.vc-header-title{font-family:var(--vc-display);font-size:clamp(24px,4vw,36px);font-weight:800;line-height:1.15;color:var(--vc-ink);margin:0 0 16px;letter-spacing:-0.02em}.vc-header-subtitle{font-size:15px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);margin:0 auto 20px;max-width:600px}\n.vc-badges{display:inline-flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.vc-badge{font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:11px;font-weight:500;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;background:var(--vc-surface);border:1px solid var(--vc-border);color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}\n.vc-card{background:var(--vc-surface);border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg);box-shadow:var(--vc-shadow);overflow:hidden;margin-top:32px}\n.vc-unit-bar{display:flex;border-bottom:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);background:var(--vc-surface-alt)}\n.vc-unit-btn{flex:1;padding:12px;border:none;background:transparent;font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--vc-ink-muted);cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.2s;position:relative}\n.vc-unit-btn:hover{color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);background:rgba(200,90,42,0.04)}\n.vc-unit-btn.vc-active{color:var(--vc-accent);background:var(--vc-surface)}\n.vc-unit-btn.vc-active::after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:16px;right:16px;height:2px;background:var(--vc-accent);border-radius:1px 1px 0 0}\n.vc-form{padding:24px}.vc-form-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}@media(max-width:600px){.vc-form-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.vc-field{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.vc-field-full{grid-column:1\/-1}\n.vc-label{font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);margin-bottom:6px}.vc-label-hint{font-weight:400;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--vc-ink-muted);font-size:11px}\n.vc-select,.vc-input{width:100%;padding:10px 12px;border:1.5px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:6px;font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink);background:var(--vc-surface);transition:border-color 0.15s,box-shadow 0.15s}\n.vc-select:focus,.vc-input:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--vc-accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(200,90,42,0.12)}.vc-select:hover,.vc-input:hover{border-color:var(--vc-ink-muted)}\n.vc-presets{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:18px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light)}.vc-presets-label{font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:11px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--vc-ink-muted);width:100%;margin-bottom:2px}\n.vc-preset-btn{padding:5px 12px;font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:12px;font-weight:500;border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:6px;background:var(--vc-surface-alt);color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.15s}.vc-preset-btn:hover{border-color:var(--vc-accent);color:var(--vc-accent);background:var(--vc-accent-light)}\n.vc-results{border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);background:var(--vc-surface-alt);padding:0;max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1),padding 0.3s}.vc-results.vc-visible{max-height:2000px;padding:24px}\n.vc-results-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:18px}.vc-results-title{font-family:var(--vc-display);font-size:20px;font-weight:700;color:var(--vc-ink);margin:0}\n.vc-copy-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:6px 12px;border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:6px;background:var(--vc-surface);font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:12px;font-weight:500;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.15s}.vc-copy-btn:hover{border-color:var(--vc-accent);color:var(--vc-accent)}.vc-copy-btn.vc-copied{background:var(--vc-green-light);border-color:var(--vc-green);color:var(--vc-green)}\n.vc-result-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;margin-bottom:20px}@media(max-width:500px){.vc-result-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.vc-rcard{background:var(--vc-surface);border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);border-radius:var(--vc-radius);padding:16px;transition:transform 0.2s}.vc-rcard:hover{transform:translateY(-1px)}\n.vc-rcard-primary{border-color:var(--vc-accent);border-width:2px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdf6f2 0%,var(--vc-surface) 100%);grid-column:1\/-1}\n.vc-rcard-label{font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:10px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--vc-ink-muted);margin-bottom:4px}\n.vc-rcard-value{font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:22px;font-weight:600;color:var(--vc-ink);line-height:1.2}.vc-rcard-primary .vc-rcard-value{font-size:30px;color:var(--vc-accent)}.vc-rcard-unit{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}\n.vc-section{margin-top:24px;border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg);background:var(--vc-surface);box-shadow:var(--vc-shadow);overflow:hidden}\n.vc-section-toggle{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:18px 24px;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--vc-font);text-align:left;transition:background 0.15s}.vc-section-toggle:hover{background:var(--vc-surface-alt)}\n.vc-section-toggle-text{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}.vc-section-icon{font-size:20px;line-height:1}.vc-section-title{font-family:var(--vc-display);font-size:18px;font-weight:700;color:var(--vc-ink);margin:0}\n.vc-section-chevron{width:20px;height:20px;color:var(--vc-ink-muted);transition:transform 0.3s;flex-shrink:0}.vc-section.vc-open .vc-section-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}\n.vc-section-body{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1)}.vc-section.vc-open .vc-section-body{max-height:20000px}\n.vc-section-inner{padding:0 24px 24px;border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light)}\n.vc-theory h3{font-family:var(--vc-display);font-size:17px;font-weight:700;color:var(--vc-ink);margin:28px 0 10px}.vc-theory h3:first-child{margin-top:20px}\n.vc-theory p{font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);margin:0 0 10px}.vc-theory ul,.vc-theory ol{font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);margin:0 0 12px 18px;padding:0}.vc-theory li{margin-bottom:5px}\n.vc-formula-box{background:var(--vc-surface-alt);border:2px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:6px;padding:14px 20px;font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:16px;font-weight:500;text-align:center;margin:14px 0;color:var(--vc-ink);overflow-x:auto}\n.vc-info-box{background:var(--vc-blue-light);border-left:3px solid var(--vc-blue);padding:14px 16px;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;margin:14px 0}.vc-info-box p{margin:0;font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}\n.vc-warning-box{background:var(--vc-yellow-light);border-left:3px solid var(--vc-yellow);padding:14px 16px;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;margin:14px 0}\n.vc-example-box{background:var(--vc-surface-alt);border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);border-radius:6px;padding:16px;margin:14px 0}.vc-example-title{font-family:var(--vc-mono);font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--vc-accent);margin-bottom:8px}\n.vc-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:14px 0;font-size:13px}.vc-table th,.vc-table td{padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);text-align:left}\n.vc-table th{background:var(--vc-surface-alt);font-size:11px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}.vc-table tr:nth-child(even){background:var(--vc-surface-alt)}\n@media(max-width:600px){.vc-table{font-size:12px}.vc-table th,.vc-table td{padding:8px}}\n.vc-faq-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;margin-top:20px}.vc-faq-item{border:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden}\n.vc-faq-q{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:14px 16px;border:none;background:var(--vc-surface-alt);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:var(--vc-ink);text-align:left;transition:background 0.15s}.vc-faq-q:hover{background:#ede9e3}\n.vc-faq-chevron{width:16px;height:16px;color:var(--vc-ink-muted);flex-shrink:0;transition:transform 0.25s}.vc-faq-item.vc-open .vc-faq-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}\n.vc-faq-a{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height 0.35s}.vc-faq-item.vc-open .vc-faq-a{max-height:1200px}\n.vc-faq-a-inner{padding:14px 16px;border-top:1px solid var(--vc-border-light);font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}.vc-faq-a-inner p{margin:0 0 8px}.vc-faq-a-inner p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.vc-faq-a-inner ul{margin:4px 0 8px 16px;padding:0}.vc-faq-a-inner li{margin-bottom:3px}\n.vc-related{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:16px}.vc-related-link{display:inline-block;padding:8px 16px;font-family:var(--vc-font);font-size:13px;font-weight:600;background:var(--vc-surface-alt);color:var(--vc-ink-secondary);border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:var(--vc-radius);text-decoration:none;transition:all 0.15s}.vc-related-link:hover{border-color:var(--vc-accent);color:var(--vc-accent);background:var(--vc-accent-light)}\n.vc-promo{margin-top:24px;padding:20px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--vc-accent-light),var(--vc-surface));border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px}\n.vc-promo-text{flex:1;font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}.vc-promo-text strong{color:var(--vc-ink)}\n.vc-promo-link{padding:8px 20px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;background:var(--vc-accent);border-radius:var(--vc-radius);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;transition:background 0.15s}.vc-promo-link:hover{background:var(--vc-accent-hover)}\n.vc-footer{text-align:center;padding:32px 16px;font-size:13px;color:var(--vc-ink-muted)}.vc-footer a{color:var(--vc-accent);text-decoration:none}.vc-footer a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.vc-footer-links{margin-top:8px;font-size:12px}.vc-footer-links a{margin:0 8px}\n@media print{.vc-section-body{max-height:none!important}.vc-faq-a{max-height:none!important}.vc-results{max-height:none!important;padding:24px!important}.vc-copy-btn,.vc-section-chevron,.vc-faq-chevron,.vc-presets,.vc-promo{display:none!important}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\" id=\"vc-centrifuge-gforce\">\n\n<header class=\"vc-header\">\n    <p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Centrifuge G-Force (RCF) Calculator<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Convert centrifuge RPM to relative centrifugal force (\u00d7g), or calculate RPM from desired RCF. Includes tip speed and angular velocity.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-badges\">\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">RPM \u2192 RCF<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">RCF \u2192 RPM<\/span>\n        <span class=\"vc-badge\">Tip Speed<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <div class=\"vc-unit-bar\">\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn vc-active\" data-mode=\"rpm2rcf\">RPM \u2192 RCF (g-force)<\/button>\n        <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-unit-btn\" data-mode=\"rcf2rpm\">RCF (g-force) \u2192 RPM<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-radius\">Rotor Radius R <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(mm, center to sample)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-radius\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 100\" value=\"100\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-field-speed\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-speed\">Speed <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(RPM)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-speed\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 5000\" value=\"5000\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-field-rcf\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-rcf\">Desired RCF <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(\u00d7g)<\/span><\/label>\n                <input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-rcf\" inputmode=\"decimal\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"e.g. 3000\" value=\"3000\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\">\n            <div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Quick presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-r=\"100\" data-s=\"5000\">Lab centrifuge R=100mm 5000RPM<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-r=\"80\" data-s=\"50000\">Ultracentrifuge R=80mm 50000RPM<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-r=\"250\" data-s=\"3000\">Industrial R=250mm 3000RPM<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\">\n            <h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg>\n                Copy\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\" id=\"vc-r-primary-label\">Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-primary\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">RPM<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-rpm\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Tip Speed<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-tipspeed\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\">\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Angular Velocity \u03c9<\/div>\n                <div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-omega\">\u2014<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Theory -->\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\">\n            <h3>Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)<\/h3>\n            <p>RCF is the effective force on the sample expressed as multiples of gravitational acceleration:<\/p>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>n<\/strong> \u2014 speed (RPM)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>R<\/strong> \u2014 rotor radius in mm (center of rotation to sample position)<\/li>\n                <li><strong>1.118 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076<\/strong> \u2014 combined constant from (2\u03c0\/60)\u00b2\/(9.81\u00d71000)<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n\n            <h3>Reverse: RPM from RCF<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div>\n\n            <h3>Typical RCF Values<\/h3>\n            <table class=\"vc-table\">\n                <thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>Typical RCF (\u00d7g)<\/th><th>Typical RPM<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr><td>Blood separation<\/td><td>1,000\u20133,000<\/td><td>2,000\u20135,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Cell pelleting<\/td><td>300\u2013500<\/td><td>1,000\u20132,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Protein precipitation<\/td><td>10,000\u201320,000<\/td><td>10,000\u201315,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Subcellular fractionation<\/td><td>20,000\u2013100,000<\/td><td>15,000\u201350,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Ultracentrifugation<\/td><td>100,000\u20131,000,000<\/td><td>40,000\u2013100,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                    <tr><td>Industrial separators<\/td><td>1,000\u201310,000<\/td><td>3,000\u201310,000<\/td><\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n\n            <h3>Practical Example<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"vc-example-box\">\n                <div class=\"vc-example-title\">Example \u2014 Lab Centrifuge<\/div>\n                <p><strong>Given:<\/strong> R = 100 mm, Speed = 5000 RPM<\/p>\n                <p>RCF = 1.118 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u00d7 5000\u00b2 \u00d7 100 = <strong>2,795 \u00d7g<\/strong><\/p>\n                <p>\u03c9 = 2\u03c0 \u00d7 5000 \/ 60 = 523.6 rad\/s<\/p>\n                <p>Tip speed = 0.1 \u00d7 523.6 = <strong>52.4 m\/s<\/strong><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"vc-info-box\">\n                <p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Tip:<\/strong> Always report centrifuge conditions as RCF (\u00d7g) in scientific protocols, not RPM. This ensures reproducibility across different centrifuge models with different rotor sizes.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Related -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-related\">\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/separator-balancing.html\">Separator Balancing<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/residual-unbalance-iso1940.html\">Residual Unbalance (ISO 21940)<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/fan-blade-centrifugal-force.html\">Fan Blade Centrifugal Force<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/spindle-unbalance.html\">Spindle Unbalance<\/a>\n                <a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/propeller-unbalance.html\">Propeller Unbalance<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\">\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n        <span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\">\n            <span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span>\n            <span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"vc-section-body\">\n        <div class=\"vc-section-inner\">\n            <div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-promo\">\n    <div class=\"vc-promo-text\">\n        <strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>\n        Professional vibration analysis and balancing instruments for centrifuges, separators, and all rotating machinery.\n    <\/div>\n    <a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\">\n    <p>\u00a9 2024\u20132026 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;\">Calculator #245. Last updated: February 2026<\/p>\n    <div class=\"vc-footer-links\">\n        <a href=\"\/index.html\">All Calculators<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function() {\n    'use strict';\n    var SLUG = 'centrifuge-g-force';\n    var mode = 'rpm2rcf'; \/\/ or 'rcf2rpm'\n    var FACTOR = 1.118e-6;\n\n    function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\n    function fmt(n, d) { if(isNaN(n)||!isFinite(n)) return '\u2014'; var f=n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d); return f.replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,''); }\n\n    function calculate() {\n        var R = parseFloat($('vc-radius').value);\n        if (!R || R <= 0) { $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible'); return; }\n\n        var rpm, rcf, omega, tipSpeed;\n\n        if (mode === 'rpm2rcf') {\n            rpm = parseFloat($('vc-speed').value);\n            if (!rpm || rpm <= 0) { $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible'); return; }\n            rcf = FACTOR * rpm * rpm * R;\n            omega = 2 * Math.PI * rpm \/ 60;\n            tipSpeed = (R \/ 1000) * omega;\n\n            $('vc-r-primary-label').textContent = 'Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)';\n            $('vc-r-primary').innerHTML = fmt(rcf, rcf < 100 ? 1 : 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u00d7g<\/span>';\n            $('vc-r-rpm').innerHTML = fmt(rpm, 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">RPM<\/span>';\n        } else {\n            rcf = parseFloat($('vc-rcf').value);\n            if (!rcf || rcf <= 0) { $('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible'); return; }\n            rpm = Math.sqrt(rcf \/ (FACTOR * R));\n            omega = 2 * Math.PI * rpm \/ 60;\n            tipSpeed = (R \/ 1000) * omega;\n\n            $('vc-r-primary-label').textContent = 'Required Speed';\n            $('vc-r-primary').innerHTML = fmt(rpm, 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">RPM<\/span>';\n            $('vc-r-rpm').innerHTML = fmt(rcf, rcf < 100 ? 1 : 0) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">\u00d7g (RCF)<\/span>';\n        }\n\n        $('vc-r-tipspeed').innerHTML = fmt(tipSpeed, 1) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">m\/s<\/span>';\n        $('vc-r-omega').innerHTML = fmt(omega, 1) + ' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">rad\/s<\/span>';\n\n        $('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');\n\n        var u = new URL(window.location);\n        u.searchParams.set('radius', R); u.searchParams.set('mode', mode);\n        if (mode === 'rpm2rcf') u.searchParams.set('speed', rpm);\n        else u.searchParams.set('rcf', rcf);\n        history.replaceState(null, '', u.toString());\n\n        saveHistory({ radius:R, rpm:rpm, rcf:rcf, mode:mode,\n            _summary: 'R=' + R + 'mm, ' + (mode === 'rpm2rcf' ? rpm + 'RPM \u2192 ' + fmt(rcf,0) + '\u00d7g' : fmt(rcf,0) + '\u00d7g \u2192 ' + fmt(rpm,0) + 'RPM') });\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Mode toggle\n    var unitBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.vc-unit-btn');\n    unitBtns.forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.remove('vc-active'); });\n            this.classList.add('vc-active');\n            mode = this.getAttribute('data-mode');\n            if (mode === 'rpm2rcf') {\n                $('vc-field-speed').style.display = '';\n                $('vc-field-rcf').style.display = 'none';\n            } else {\n                $('vc-field-speed').style.display = 'none';\n                $('vc-field-rcf').style.display = '';\n            }\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \/\/ Switch to rpm2rcf mode for presets\n            mode = 'rpm2rcf';\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-mode') === 'rpm2rcf'); });\n            $('vc-field-speed').style.display = '';\n            $('vc-field-rcf').style.display = 'none';\n            $('vc-radius').value = this.getAttribute('data-r');\n            $('vc-speed').value = this.getAttribute('data-s');\n            calculate();\n        });\n    });\n\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('input', calculate);\n    $('vc-form').addEventListener('change', calculate);\n\n    $('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {\n        var text = 'Centrifuge G-Force Calculation\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'Radius: ' + $('vc-radius').value + ' mm\\n' +\n            'Result: ' + $('vc-r-primary').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'RPM \/ RCF: ' + $('vc-r-rpm').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Tip Speed: ' + $('vc-r-tipspeed').textContent + '\\n' +\n            'Angular Velocity: ' + $('vc-r-omega').textContent + '\\n' +\n            '\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\n' +\n            'vibromera.eu\/calculators\/centrifuge-g-force\/';\n        if (navigator.clipboard) {\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(function() {\n                var btn = $('vc-copy-btn');\n                btn.classList.add('vc-copied');\n                btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg> Copied!';\n                setTimeout(function() { btn.classList.remove('vc-copied'); btn.innerHTML = '<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy'; }, 2000);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n\n    document.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            var section = this.closest('.vc-section');\n            section.classList.toggle('vc-open');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', section.classList.contains('vc-open'));\n        });\n    });\n\n    var faqData = [\n        { q: 'What is RCF (relative centrifugal force)?', a: '<p>RCF is the effective force on the sample in a centrifuge, expressed as multiples of gravitational acceleration (\u00d7g). RCF = 1.118 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u00d7 n\u00b2 \u00d7 R, where n is RPM and R is rotor radius in mm. Unlike RPM alone, RCF accounts for rotor size, making results comparable across centrifuges.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'Why should I use RCF instead of RPM in protocols?', a: '<p>RPM alone doesn\\'t specify the actual force on the sample \u2014 it depends on rotor radius. Two centrifuges at the same RPM but different rotor sizes produce different g-forces. Always report RCF (\u00d7g) in scientific protocols for reproducible results.<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What radius should I use \u2014 maximum, minimum, or average?', a: '<p>Use the <strong>maximum radius<\/strong> (r<sub>max<\/sub>) \u2014 the distance from the rotation axis to the bottom of the sample tube. This gives the maximum g-force experienced by the sample. Some sedimentation protocols specify r<sub>avg<\/sub> (average radius).<\/p>' },\n        { q: 'What g-forces do different centrifuges achieve?', a: '<p>Typical ranges:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Benchtop micro:<\/strong> up to 20,000 \u00d7g<\/li><li><strong>General lab:<\/strong> 3,000\u201315,000 \u00d7g<\/li><li><strong>High-speed:<\/strong> 25,000\u2013100,000 \u00d7g<\/li><li><strong>Ultracentrifuge:<\/strong> up to 1,000,000 \u00d7g<\/li><li><strong>Industrial separators:<\/strong> 1,000\u201310,000 \u00d7g<\/li><\/ul>' },\n        { q: 'How do I convert g-force back to RPM?', a: '<p>Use the reverse formula: n = \u221a(RCF \/ (1.118 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u00d7 R)), where RCF is the desired g-force and R is rotor radius in mm. Use the \"RCF \u2192 RPM\" mode toggle at the top of this calculator for automatic conversion.<\/p>' }\n    ];\n    var faqList = $('vc-faq-list');\n    faqData.forEach(function(faq) {\n        faqList.innerHTML += '<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>' + faq.q + '<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">' + faq.a + '<\/div><\/div><\/div>';\n    });\n    faqList.addEventListener('click', function(e) { var btn = e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q'); if (!btn) return; btn.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open'); });\n\n    function saveHistory(entry) {\n        var key = 'vc_history_' + SLUG; var arr = [];\n        try { arr = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key)) || []; } catch(e) {}\n        entry._ts = new Date().toISOString(); arr.unshift(entry);\n        if (arr.length > 10) arr = arr.slice(0, 10);\n        try { localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(arr)); } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    function loadParams() {\n        var p = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\n        if (p.get('mode') === 'rcf2rpm') {\n            mode = 'rcf2rpm';\n            unitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.classList.toggle('vc-active', b.getAttribute('data-mode') === 'rcf2rpm'); });\n            $('vc-field-speed').style.display = 'none';\n            $('vc-field-rcf').style.display = '';\n        }\n        p.forEach(function(v, k) {\n            if (k === 'mode') return;\n            var el = $(k) || $('vc-' + k); if (el) el.value = v;\n        });\n    }\n\n    function renderFormulas() {\n        try {\n            katex.render('\\\\text{RCF} = 1.118 \\\\times 10^{-6} \\\\times n^2 \\\\times R \\\\quad [\\\\times g]', $('vc-katex-1'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n            katex.render('n = \\\\sqrt{\\\\frac{\\\\text{RCF}}{1.118 \\\\times 10^{-6} \\\\times R}} \\\\quad [\\\\text{RPM}]', $('vc-katex-2'), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false });\n        } catch(e) {}\n    }\n\n    function init() { loadParams(); renderFormulas(); calculate(); }\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init); } else { init(); }\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kikokotoo cha bure cha mtandaoni cha nguvu ya centrifuge (RCF). Geuza RPM kuwa nguvu ya msukosuko ya jamaa (\u00d7g) au hesabu RPM kutoka RCF inayohitajika. Inajumuisha kasi ya ncha na kasi ya pembe.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100054","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101981,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100054\/revisions\/101981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}