{"id":100139,"date":"2026-02-15T20:19:49","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:19:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?post_type=calculator&#038;p=100139"},"modified":"2026-07-12T15:39:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T15:39:01","slug":"insulation-thickness-calculator","status":"publish","type":"calculator","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/calculators\/insulation-thickness-calculator\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t | C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebApplication\",\"name\":\"Insulation Thickness Calculator\",\"description\":\"Calculate insulation thickness for pipes and surfaces based on target heat loss or surface temperature.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/insulation-thickness-calculator\/\",\"applicationCategory\":\"Engineering Calculator\",\"operatingSystem\":\"Any\",\"offers\":{\"@type\":\"Offer\",\"price\":\"0\",\"priceCurrency\":\"EUR\"},\"creator\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Vibromera\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-14\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true}<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is insulation thickness calculated for a flat surface?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"For a flat surface: thickness = k \u00d7 (T_hot \u2212 T_surface) \/ q, where k is thermal conductivity of insulation, T_hot is process temperature, T_surface is desired surface temperature, and q is heat flux. The surface heat transfer coefficient h_out also plays a role: q = h_out \u00d7 (T_surface \u2212 T_ambient).\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does pipe insulation calculation differ from flat surfaces?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Pipe insulation uses the cylindrical heat transfer equation with logarithmic radius ratio: Q\/L = 2\u03c0(T_hot \u2212 T_ambient) \/ [1\/(h_in\u00b7r_i) + ln(r_o\/r_i)\/k_pipe + ln(r_ins\/r_o)\/k_ins + 1\/(h_out\u00b7r_ins)]. The curved geometry means more insulation material is needed per unit of thermal resistance.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is a typical insulation thermal conductivity?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mineral wool: 0.035\u20130.045 W\/mK. Glass wool: 0.030\u20130.040 W\/mK. Polyurethane foam: 0.022\u20130.028 W\/mK. Calcium silicate: 0.055\u20130.070 W\/mK. Aerogel: 0.013\u20130.020 W\/mK. Lower k = better insulator.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What surface temperature is safe for personnel protection?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"For personnel protection, maximum surface temperature should be \u226460\u00b0C (140\u00b0F) according to most industrial standards. Some standards require \u226450\u00b0C for surfaces accessible to workers. This prevents burns from brief contact.\"}},\n{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the outer surface heat transfer coefficient matter?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. The outer film coefficient h_out (typically 5\u201325 W\/m\u00b2K) affects the surface temperature. Still air: ~5\u201310 W\/m\u00b2K. Light wind: ~15 W\/m\u00b2K. Forced convection: 20\u201350 W\/m\u00b2K. Lower h_out means higher surface temperature for same insulation.\"}}\n]}<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Calculators\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Insulation Thickness Calculator\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/calculators\/insulation-thickness-calculator\/\"}]}<\/script>\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n\n<link 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var(--vc-border);border-radius:var(--vc-radius);text-decoration:none;transition:all .15s}.vc-related-link:hover{border-color:var(--vc-accent);color:var(--vc-accent);background:var(--vc-accent-light)}.vc-promo{margin-top:24px;padding:20px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--vc-accent-light),var(--vc-surface));border:1px solid var(--vc-border);border-radius:var(--vc-radius-lg);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px}.vc-promo-text{flex:1;font-size:14px;color:var(--vc-ink-secondary)}.vc-promo-text strong{color:var(--vc-ink)}.vc-promo-link{padding:8px 20px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;background:var(--vc-accent);border-radius:var(--vc-radius);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;transition:background .15s}.vc-promo-link:hover{background:var(--vc-accent-hover)}.vc-footer{text-align:center;padding:32px 16px;font-size:13px;color:var(--vc-ink-muted)}.vc-footer a{color:var(--vc-accent);text-decoration:none}.vc-footer a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.vc-footer-links{margin-top:8px;font-size:12px}.vc-footer-links a{margin:0 8px}@media print{.vc-section-body{max-height:none!important}.vc-faq-a{max-height:none!important}.vc-results{max-height:none!important;padding:24px!important}.vc-copy-btn,.vc-section-chevron,.vc-faq-chevron,.vc-presets,.vc-promo{display:none!important}}<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"vc-calculator\">\n<header class=\"vc-header\"><p class=\"vc-header-eyebrow\">Free Engineering Tool<\/p><h1 class=\"vc-header-title\">Insulation Thickness Calculator<\/h1><p class=\"vc-header-subtitle\">Calculate required insulation thickness for pipes and flat surfaces to achieve target surface temperature or limit heat loss.<\/p><div class=\"vc-badges\"><span class=\"vc-badge\">Pipe &amp; Flat<\/span><span class=\"vc-badge\">ISO 12241<\/span><span class=\"vc-badge\">#180<\/span><\/div><\/header>\n\n<div class=\"vc-card\">\n    <form class=\"vc-form\" id=\"vc-form\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n        <div class=\"vc-form-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-geom\">Geometry<\/label><select class=\"vc-select\" id=\"vc-geom\"><option value=\"flat\" selected>Flat Surface<\/option><option value=\"pipe\">Pipe \/ Cylinder<\/option><\/select><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\" id=\"vc-dia-field\" style=\"display:none\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-dia\">Pipe Outer Diameter <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(mm)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-dia\" step=\"any\" min=\"1\" value=\"60.3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-Thot\">Process Temperature <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(\u00b0C)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-Thot\" step=\"any\" value=\"150\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-Tamb\">Ambient Temperature <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(\u00b0C)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-Tamb\" step=\"any\" value=\"25\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-Tsurf\">Target Surface Temp <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(\u00b0C)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-Tsurf\" step=\"any\" value=\"60\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-k\">Insulation k <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(W\/m\u00b7K)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-k\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.001\" value=\"0.04\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-field\"><label class=\"vc-label\" for=\"vc-h\">Outer Film Coeff h <span class=\"vc-label-hint\">(W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K)<\/span><\/label><input class=\"vc-input\" type=\"number\" id=\"vc-h\" step=\"any\" min=\"0.1\" value=\"10\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-presets\"><div class=\"vc-presets-label\">Insulation material presets<\/div>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-k=\"0.04\">Mineral Wool (0.04)<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-k=\"0.035\">Glass Wool (0.035)<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-k=\"0.025\">PU Foam (0.025)<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-k=\"0.06\">Calcium Silicate (0.06)<\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-preset-btn\" data-k=\"0.015\">Aerogel (0.015)<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n    <div class=\"vc-results\" id=\"vc-results\">\n        <div class=\"vc-results-head\"><h2 class=\"vc-results-title\">Results<\/h2><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-copy-btn\" id=\"vc-copy-btn\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy<\/button><\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-result-grid\">\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard vc-rcard-primary\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Required Insulation Thickness<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-thick\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Heat Loss per m\u00b2  (or per m for pipe)<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-qloss\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Insulation R-value<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-Rins\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n            <div class=\"vc-rcard\"><div class=\"vc-rcard-label\">Overall U-value<\/div><div class=\"vc-rcard-value\" id=\"vc-r-U\">\u2014<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"vc-note\" id=\"vc-note\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vc-section vc-open\" id=\"vc-sec-theory\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\"><span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Theory &amp; Formulas<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner vc-theory\"><h3>Flat Surface<\/h3><div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-1\"><\/div><p>Where q = h \u00d7 (T_surface \u2212 T_ambient) is the heat flux from the outer surface.<\/p><h3>Pipe \/ Cylinder<\/h3><div class=\"vc-formula-box\" id=\"vc-katex-2\"><\/div><p>For a pipe, the insulation outer radius r\u2082 is found iteratively so that the surface temperature equals the target. Q\/L is the heat loss per metre length.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-related\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Related Calculators<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-related\"><a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/heat-loss-wall\/\">Heat Loss Wall<\/a><a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/thermal-expansion-calculator\/\">Thermal Expansion<\/a><a class=\"vc-related-link\" href=\"\/calculators\/heat-exchanger-lmtd\/\">Heat Exchanger LMTD<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-section\" id=\"vc-sec-faq\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-section-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"vc-section-toggle-text\"><span class=\"vc-section-icon\">\u2753<\/span><span class=\"vc-section-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"vc-section-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-section-body\"><div class=\"vc-section-inner\"><div class=\"vc-faq-list\" id=\"vc-faq-list\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-promo\"><div class=\"vc-promo-text\"><strong>Vibromera \u2014 Portable Balancing &amp; Vibration Analysis<\/strong><br>Professional instruments. Used in 50+ countries.<\/div><a class=\"vc-promo-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a><\/div>\n<footer class=\"vc-footer\"><p>\u00a9 2024\u20132025 <a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/\">Vibromera<\/a> \u2014 Engineering Calculators<\/p><div class=\"vc-footer-links\"><a href=\"\/calculators\/engineering-calculators\/\">All Calculators<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/contacts\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.11\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n(function(){\n'use strict';var SLUG='insulation-thickness-calculator';function $(id){return document.getElementById(id)}function fmt(n,d){if(isNaN(n)||!isFinite(n))return'\u2014';return n.toFixed(d===undefined?2:d).replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/,'$1').replace(\/\\.$\/,'')}\nfunction calculate(){var geom=$('vc-geom').value;var Th=parseFloat($('vc-Thot').value),Ta=parseFloat($('vc-Tamb').value),Ts=parseFloat($('vc-Tsurf').value);var k=parseFloat($('vc-k').value),h=parseFloat($('vc-h').value);if(isNaN(Th)||isNaN(Ta)||isNaN(Ts)||isNaN(k)||isNaN(h)||k<=0||h<=0){$('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');return}\nif(Ts<=Ta||Ts>=Th){$('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');return}\nvar note='';\nif(geom==='flat'){var q=h*(Ts-Ta);var thick_m=k*(Th-Ts)\/q;var thick_mm=thick_m*1000;var Rins=thick_m\/k;var Rtot=1\/h+thick_m\/k;var U=1\/Rtot;\n$('vc-r-thick').innerHTML=fmt(thick_mm,1)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">mm<\/span>';\n$('vc-r-qloss').innerHTML=fmt(q,1)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">W\/m\u00b2<\/span>';\n$('vc-r-Rins').innerHTML=fmt(Rins,4)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">m\u00b2\u00b7K\/W<\/span>';\n$('vc-r-U').innerHTML=fmt(U,3)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K<\/span>';\nnote='Flat surface: insulation = '+fmt(thick_mm,1)+' mm. Suggest rounding up to next standard thickness.'}\nelse{var dia=parseFloat($('vc-dia').value);if(isNaN(dia)||dia<=0){$('vc-results').classList.remove('vc-visible');return}\nvar r1=dia\/2\/1000;var r2=r1+0.001;for(var iter=0;iter<500;iter++){var Rconv=1\/(2*Math.PI*r2*h);var Rins2=Math.log(r2\/r1)\/(2*Math.PI*k);var Rtot2=Rconv+Rins2;var Q_per_m=(Th-Ta)\/Rtot2;var Ts_calc=Ta+Q_per_m*Rconv;if(Math.abs(Ts_calc-Ts)<0.01)break;if(Ts_calc>Ts){r2+=0.0005}else{r2-=0.0001}if(r2<=r1)r2=r1+0.0001}\nvar thick_mm2=(r2-r1)*1000;var RinsVal=Math.log(r2\/r1)\/(2*Math.PI*k);var Rtotal=1\/(2*Math.PI*r2*h)+RinsVal;var QL=(Th-Ta)\/Rtotal;var Uval=1\/(Rtotal*2*Math.PI*r2);\n$('vc-r-thick').innerHTML=fmt(thick_mm2,1)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">mm<\/span>';\n$('vc-r-qloss').innerHTML=fmt(QL,1)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">W\/m<\/span>';\n$('vc-r-Rins').innerHTML=fmt(RinsVal,4)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">m\u00b7K\/W per m<\/span>';\n$('vc-r-U').innerHTML=fmt(Uval,3)+' <span class=\"vc-rcard-unit\">W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K<\/span>';\nnote='Pipe OD='+fmt(dia,1)+' mm \u2192 insulation thickness = '+fmt(thick_mm2,1)+' mm (outer diameter with insulation: '+fmt(r2*2000,1)+' mm).'}\n$('vc-note').textContent=note;$('vc-results').classList.add('vc-visible');saveHistory({geom:geom,Th:Th,Ta:Ta,Ts:Ts,k:k,_summary:geom+' ins='+$('vc-r-thick').textContent})}\n\n$('vc-geom').addEventListener('change',function(){$('vc-dia-field').style.display=this.value==='pipe'?'':'none';calculate()});\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.vc-preset-btn').forEach(function(btn){btn.addEventListener('click',function(e){e.preventDefault();$('vc-k').value=this.getAttribute('data-k');calculate()})});\n$('vc-form').addEventListener('input',calculate);$('vc-form').addEventListener('change',calculate);\n$('vc-copy-btn').addEventListener('click',function(){var t='Insulation Thickness\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nThickness: '+$('vc-r-thick').textContent+'\\nHeat loss: '+$('vc-r-qloss').textContent+'\\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\\nvibromera.eu';if(navigator.clipboard)navigator.clipboard.writeText(t).then(function(){var b=$('vc-copy-btn');b.classList.add('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='Copied!';setTimeout(function(){b.classList.remove('vc-copied');b.innerHTML='<svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15H4a2 2 0 01-2-2V4a2 2 0 012-2h9a2 2 0 012 2v1\"\/><\/svg> Copy'},2000)})});\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.vc-section-toggle').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(){var s=this.closest('.vc-section');s.classList.toggle('vc-open');this.setAttribute('aria-expanded',s.classList.contains('vc-open'))})});\nvar faqData=[{q:'How is insulation thickness calculated for a flat surface?',a:'<p>thickness = k \u00d7 (T_hot \u2212 T_surface) \/ q, where q = h \u00d7 (T_surface \u2212 T_ambient). h is the outer surface film coefficient.<\/p>'},{q:'How does pipe insulation differ from flat?',a:'<p>Pipes use cylindrical geometry with logarithmic radius ratio. More material needed per unit of thermal resistance due to curvature.<\/p>'},{q:'What are typical insulation k-values?',a:'<p>Mineral wool: 0.035\u20130.045. Glass wool: 0.030\u20130.040. PU foam: 0.022\u20130.028. Calcium silicate: 0.055\u20130.070. Aerogel: 0.013\u20130.020 W\/mK.<\/p>'},{q:'What surface temp is safe for personnel?',a:'<p>Max 60\u00b0C (140\u00b0F) per most industrial standards. Some require \u226450\u00b0C for accessible surfaces.<\/p>'},{q:'Does the outer film coefficient matter?',a:'<p>Yes. Still air: ~5\u201310 W\/m\u00b2K. Light wind: ~15. Forced convection: 20\u201350 W\/m\u00b2K. Lower h means higher surface temperature for same insulation.<\/p>'}];\nvar fl=$('vc-faq-list');faqData.forEach(function(f){fl.innerHTML+='<div class=\"vc-faq-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vc-faq-q\"><span>'+f.q+'<\/span><svg class=\"vc-faq-chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"vc-faq-a\"><div class=\"vc-faq-a-inner\">'+f.a+'<\/div><\/div><\/div>'});fl.addEventListener('click',function(e){var b=e.target.closest('.vc-faq-q');if(!b)return;b.closest('.vc-faq-item').classList.toggle('vc-open')});\nfunction saveHistory(e){var k='vc_history_'+SLUG;var a=[];try{a=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(k))||[]}catch(x){}e._ts=new Date().toISOString();a.unshift(e);if(a.length>10)a=a.slice(0,10);try{localStorage.setItem(k,JSON.stringify(a))}catch(x){}}\nfunction renderFormulas(){try{katex.render('\\\\delta_{\\\\text{flat}} = \\\\frac{k\\\\,(T_{\\\\text{hot}}-T_{\\\\text{surf}})}{h\\\\,(T_{\\\\text{surf}}-T_{\\\\text{amb}})}',$('vc-katex-1'),{displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});katex.render('\\\\frac{Q}{L}=\\\\frac{2\\\\pi\\\\,(T_{\\\\text{hot}}-T_{\\\\text{amb}})}{\\\\dfrac{\\\\ln(r_2\/r_1)}{k}+\\\\dfrac{1}{h\\\\,r_2}}',$('vc-katex-2'),{displayMode:true,throwOnError:false})}catch(e){}}\nfunction init(){renderFormulas();calculate()}if(document.readyState==='loading')document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);else init();\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t. Bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100139","calculator","type-calculator","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/calculator"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102461,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/calculator\/100139\/revisions\/102461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}