{"id":6302,"date":"2025-06-15T13:16:53","date_gmt":"2025-06-15T13:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/?p=6302"},"modified":"2026-07-11T16:03:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T16:03:34","slug":"vibration-diagnostics-of-railway-locomotive-components","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/content\/vibration-diagnostics-of-railway-locomotive-components\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng & M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng Balanset-1A<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>1,975.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>90.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc (M\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 laser)<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>124.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBalanset-4<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>6,803.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>10.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\u20ac<\/span>1,735.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>
\n\n\n \n \n Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n line-height: 1.6;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 20px;\n background-color: #f5f5f5;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 1800px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: white;\n padding: 30px;\n border-radius: 10px;\n box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n h1 {\n color: #2c3e50;\n border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n }\n h2 {\n color: #34495e;\n margin-top: 30px;\n border-left: 4px solid #3498db;\n padding-left: 15px;\n }\n h3 {\n color: #2c3e50;\n margin-top: 25px;\n }\n .glossary {\n background-color: #ecf0f1;\n padding: 20px;\n border-radius: 5px;\n margin: 20px 0;\n }\n .glossary h3 {\n color: #2c3e50;\n margin-top: 0;\n }\n .infographic {\n background-color: #f8f9fa;\n border: 2px solid #3498db;\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: 20px;\n margin: 20px 0;\n text-align: center;\n }\n .formula {\n background-color: #fff;\n border: 1px solid #bdc3c7;\n padding: 15px;\n margin: 15px 0;\n border-radius: 5px;\n font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;\n }\n .example {\n background-color: #e8f5e8;\n border-left: 4px solid #27ae60;\n padding: 15px;\n margin: 15px 0;\n }\n .warning {\n background-color: #fdeaea;\n border-left: 4px solid #e74c3c;\n padding: 15px;\n margin: 15px 0;\n }\n .note {\n background-color: #e3f2fd;\n border-left: 4px solid #2196f3;\n padding: 15px;\n margin: 15px 0;\n }\n table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n width: 100%;\n margin: 20px 0;\n }\n th, td {\n border: 1px solid #ddd;\n padding: 12px;\n text-align: left;\n }\n th {\n background-color: #3498db;\n color: white;\n }\n tr:nth-child(even) {\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\n }\n .technical-diagram {\n width: 100%;\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 20px auto;\n display: block;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <h1>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/h1>\n\n <div class=\"glossary\">\n <h2 class=\"vbm-hh-p6302-1\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>WGB (Kh\u1ed1i b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng)<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c<\/li>\n <li><strong>WS (B\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe)<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c<\/li>\n <li><strong>WMB (Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u00e1nh xe)<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe<\/li>\n <li><strong>TEM (\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9o)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o cho \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda<\/li>\n <li><strong>AM (M\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3)<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea1t, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.1. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u1ef1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quay<\/h2>\n\n <h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n <p>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc xung quanh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c. M\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u0111o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Gia t\u1ed1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn va ch\u1ea1m. Tham s\u1ed1 gia t\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng khi theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ki\u1ec3u va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc:<\/strong><br>\n V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c (v) = dD\/dt (\u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n)<br>\n Gia t\u1ed1c (a) = dv\/dt = d\u00b2D\/dt\u00b2 (\u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n)<br>\n <br>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh sin:<br>\n v = 2\u03c0f \u00d7 D<br>\n a = (2\u03c0f)\u00b2 \u00d7 D<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: f = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (Hz), D = bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n\n <p>Chu k\u1ef3 (T) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, trong khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (f) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5-50 Hz trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 200-2000 Hz t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea1m vi 500-5000 Hz, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1250mm di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 100 km\/h t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay kho\u1ea3ng 7,1 Hz. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng qua t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng l\u00e0 15:1, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1t 106,5 Hz. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 rung tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tham chi\u1ebfu bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 quy chi\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh. M\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh b\u00ean trong v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean trong khi v\u1ecf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c so v\u1edbi \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u00f4to, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 khe h\u1edf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u00e1y quay l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c so v\u1edbi \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khe h\u1edf b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a r\u00f4to.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 logarit<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 milim\u00e9t (mm) cho \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, milim\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (mm\/gi\u00e2y) cho v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (m\/gi\u00e2y\u00b2) cho gia t\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb logarit, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 decibel (dB), n\u00e9n c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thang \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thang \u0111o decibel t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 logarit \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i Decibel:<\/strong><br>\n dB = 20 \u00d7 log\u2081\u2080(A\/A\u2080)<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: A = bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, A\u2080 = bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu<br>\n <br>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu chung:<br>\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n: 1 \u03bcm<br>\n V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c: 1 \u03bcm\/s<br>\n Gia t\u1ed1c: 1 \u03bcm\/s\u00b2\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n <p>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO) thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung. B\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 10816 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi ISO 13373 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. ISO 14837-1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, trong khi EN 15313 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khung b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 toa xe v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GOST c\u1ee7a Nga b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c. GOST 25275 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 rung cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay, trong khi GOST R 52161 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a toa xe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong> K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 12-24 th\u00e1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n <p><strong>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/strong> l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau theo c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/strong> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng do ma s\u00e1t, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/strong> x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va ch\u1ea1m, s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao.<\/p>\n\n <h3>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/strong> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111o. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai (RMS)<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u rung. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb RMS t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 hao m\u00f2n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111o. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh-\u0111\u1ec9nh<\/strong> \u0111o t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/strong> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 RMS, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u1ea5p (1,4-2,0) ch\u1ec9 ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh sin, trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao (>4,0) cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh vi xung l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh:<\/strong><br>\n CF = Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh \/ Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 RMS<br>\n <br>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<br>\n S\u00f3ng sin: CF = 1,414<br>\n Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n tr\u1eafng: CF \u2248 3.0<br>\n L\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c: CF > 4.0\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n\n <p>M\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda. M\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi t\u1eeb 2 Hz \u0111\u1ebfn 10 kHz v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e9o pha t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c rung. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p (0,5-1000 Hz) v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5u v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"infographic\">\n <h4>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/h4>\n <table>\n <tr>\n <th>Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n <th>D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/th>\n <th>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\n <th>Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n <td>2 Hz - 10 kHz<\/td>\n <td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\n <td>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c<\/td>\n <td>0,5 Hz - 1 kHz<\/td>\n <td>M\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\n <td>C\u1ea7n b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn<\/td>\n <td>DC - 10 kHz<\/td>\n <td>Rung tr\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t khe h\u1edf<\/td>\n <td>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u00e9o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c \u0111inh t\u00e1n ren cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eaft t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"warning\">\n <strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong> L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady tr\u00ean 1000 Hz do c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa kh\u1ed1i nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quan t\u00e2m cao nh\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 3.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quay<\/h3>\n\n <p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quay kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay, t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5c \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt thanh rotor v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y stato t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tinh vi.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/strong> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quay. S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1nh b\u01a1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t\/c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o c\u00f3 12 c\u00e1nh quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1800 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t \u1edf 360 Hz (12 \u00d7 30 Hz). N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea1t b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay (30 Hz) trong khi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng do nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.2. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y: WMB, WGB, AM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quay trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda<\/h3>\n\n <p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quay \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y bao g\u1ed3m ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Wheelset-Motor Blocks (WMB) t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh xe d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Wheelset-Gear Blocks (WGB) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c trung gian gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00f4ng qua t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. M\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 (AM) bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed, b\u01a1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c hao m\u00f2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n <p><strong>dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do<\/strong> x\u1ea3y ra khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng rung \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sau khi nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eaft m\u00e1y khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tho\u00e1ng qua n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c<\/strong> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c k\u00edch th\u00edch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quay, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng tham s\u1ed1<\/strong> ph\u00e1t sinh khi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian trong ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 khe h\u1edf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch tham s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong> C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng tham s\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 theo h\u00e0m m\u0169. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chu k\u1ef3 \u0103n kh\u1edbp r\u0103ng.\n <\/div>\n\n <p><strong>Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch (T\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/strong> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ti\u00eau t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u00e0nh vi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u00ednh do ma s\u00e1t, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n <h3>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/strong><br>\n fn = (1\/2\u03c0) \u00d7 \u221a(k\/m)<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: fn = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang (Hz), k = \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (N\/m), m = kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kg)\n <\/div>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 rung kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gian ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n nh\u1eb9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Roto c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 2400 Hz s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 2400 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat n\u1ebfu rotor th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n 60 c\u1eb7p c\u1ef1c (60 \u00d7 40 Hz = k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 2400 Hz). Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba rung \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h3>\n\n <p>Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ti\u00eau t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c nhau g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ma s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gang, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp cao su v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ma s\u00e1t x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p co ng\u00f3t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c nh\u1edbt trong m\u00e0ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n m\u00e0ng d\u1ea7u trong \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, trong khi b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n nh\u1edbt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 rung.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/h3>\n\n <p><strong>L\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m<\/strong> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quay, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 quay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m t\u0103ng nhanh theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>L\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m:<\/strong><br>\n F = m \u00d7 \u03c9\u00b2 \u00d7 r<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: F = l\u1ef1c (N), m = kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (kg), \u03c9 = v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c g\u00f3c (rad\/s), r = b\u00e1n k\u00ednh (m)\n <\/div>\n\n <p><strong>L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/strong> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u qua l\u1ea1i, b\u1ed9 theo cam v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp gi\u1eefa r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n qua c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe-ray t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao. L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>L\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t<\/strong> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng phanh, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00e1nh xe-ray t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi d\u00ednh-tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>L\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 pha gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u1ede t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u0129nh v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c k\u00edch th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 pha v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>G\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea5p 10-100 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u0129nh, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 pha thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng qua 90 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u1ede t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, khi\u1ebfn bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng. Gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao.<\/p>\n\n <h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n <p>Wheelset-Motor Blocks c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eabn nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng rung. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2 xo kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a r\u00f4to, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng rung. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng lan truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"infographic\">\n <h4>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng WMB v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h4>\n <table>\n <tr>\n <th>th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n <th>Ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n <th>D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/th>\n <th>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o<\/td>\n <td>L\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\n <td>50-3000Hz<\/td>\n <td>S\u00f3ng h\u00e0i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, thanh rotor<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\n <td>L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u00f2n r\u0103ng<\/td>\n <td>200-5000Hz<\/td>\n <td>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, d\u1ea3i b\u00ean<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi b\u00e1nh xe<\/td>\n <td>L\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n<\/td>\n <td>500\u201315.000 Hz<\/td>\n <td>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n <td>S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch, hao m\u00f2n<\/td>\n <td>10-500Hz<\/td>\n <td>2\u00d7 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.3. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0 si\u00eau \u00e2m trong WMB, WGB v\u00e0 AM<\/h2>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. M\u1ed7i d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p (1-200 Hz)<\/strong> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay, s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh (200-2000 Hz)<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh. D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f2n r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao (2000-20000 Hz)<\/strong> ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u1eadc cao. D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>Rung si\u00eau \u00e2m (20000+ Hz)<\/strong> n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e0ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ma s\u00e1t. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng b\u1eadc 10. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng, l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khe h\u1edf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay (1\u00d7) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m quay c\u00f9ng tr\u1ee5c. M\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay, cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i (2\u00d7) th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng g\u00f3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t xen k\u1ebd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng quay, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng 2\u00d7 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng song song c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng 2\u00d7 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1800 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat (30 Hz) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 60 Hz (2\u00d7) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u1edf c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 30 Hz. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n 60 Hz t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch, trong khi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 m\u00f2n kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng l\u1eafp.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a (3\u00d7, 4\u00d7, 5\u00d7, v.v.) cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a phong ph\u00fa v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1eabu h\u00e0i h\u00f2a cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u00e1nh r\u0103ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 rung n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u00f2n r\u0103ng, n\u1ee9t r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean c\u00e1ch nhau \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng:<\/strong><br>\n fmesh = N \u00d7 frot<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: fmesh = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng (Hz), N = s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng, frot = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay (Hz)\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh. S\u00f3ng h\u00e0i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khe v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khe h\u1edf b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 khe h\u1edf r\u00f4to, t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng khi khe h\u1edf r\u00f4to \u0111i qua c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c stato. C\u00e1c thanh r\u00f4to b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khe h\u1edf, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng 6 c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi 44 khe r\u00f4to ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1785 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khe \u1edf 1302 Hz (44 \u00d7 29,75 Hz). Thanh r\u00f4to b\u1ecb g\u00e3y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean \u1edf 1302 \u00b1 59,5 Hz, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khe.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng b\u1eadc cao. \u1ed4 tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi V\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i (BPFO) x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3-8 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i qua bi V\u00f2ng trong (BPFI) l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng trong. V\u00ec v\u00f2ng trong quay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c, BPFI th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 BPFO v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay do c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c:<\/strong><br>\n BPFO = (n\/2) \u00d7 fr \u00d7 (1 - (d\/D) \u00d7 cos(\u03c6))<br>\n BPFI = (n\/2) \u00d7 fr \u00d7 (1 + (d\/D) \u00d7 cos(\u03c6))<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: n = s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n, fr = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay, d = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n, D = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u03c6 = g\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\n <\/div>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u (FTF) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng 0,4-0,45 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i FTF v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a bi (BSF) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n quanh tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ed5 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng rung si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o rung \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e0ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 si\u00eau \u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u00f3ng mang si\u00eau \u00e2m, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. M\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean 50 kHz v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng si\u00eau \u00e2m t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng do suy gi\u1ea3m \u00e2m thanh th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ecf b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xung v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a phong ph\u00fa tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea3i. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, trong khi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n\n <p>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng va ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. S\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp gi\u1eefa r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 ray t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c va ch\u1ea1m k\u00edch th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd mi\u1ec1n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng va ch\u1ea1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch mi\u1ec1n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va ch\u1ea1m. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ma s\u00e1t<\/h3>\n\n <p>Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng do ma s\u00e1t g\u00e2y ra th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt c\u1ee7a phanh, ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe-ray t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u00e0nh vi d\u00ednh-tr\u01b0\u1ee3t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ma s\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t trong chu k\u1ef3 d\u00ednh-tr\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c RMS v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"warning\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong> Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.4. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a WMB, WGB, AM v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n <h3>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh WMB, WGB v\u00e0 AM ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh xe d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o treo m\u0169i l\u1eafp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh xe, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray g\u00e2y ra. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1eafp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o g\u1eafn tr\u00ean khung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh xe trong khi c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. Kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3u b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o g\u1eafn tr\u00ean khung v\u1edbi kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i (2x t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5c) c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5c 4x, 6x v\u00e0 8x. S\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i trong khi s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5c 1x v\u00e0 3x.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c trung gian gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. B\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c hai c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n rung<\/h3>\n\n <p>Giao di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa r\u00f4to \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i co ng\u00f3t cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng r\u00f4to.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va \u0111\u1eadp ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn. S\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf b\u1ed5 sung t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c va \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n <p>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00eda cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u dung sai s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t sinh. S\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a kh\u00eda t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1 chu vi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng xo\u1eafn trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3u b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ed5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n <h3>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh xe<\/h3>\n\n <p>V\u00f2ng bi tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh xe h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, ngang v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y trong khi v\u1eabn th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. V\u00f2ng bi con l\u0103n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00f2ng bi l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>V\u00f2ng bi con l\u0103n c\u00f4n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng bi bi. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khe h\u1edf b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong> T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea9y \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh xe l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe-ray trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o\/phanh. C\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>V\u00f2ng bi con l\u0103n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u hai d\u00e3y ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong khi v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecf. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n m\u00e0ng d\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf b\u00ean trong \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh rung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i. Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va ch\u1ea1m trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i, t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t trong khi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 rung<\/h3>\n\n <p>H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u00e1nh r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u0103ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. G\u00f3c xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong l\u01b0\u1edbi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cao h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u r\u0103ng h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t r\u0103ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean 1,5 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng:<\/strong><br>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac = (Cung h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng) \/ (B\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f2n)<br>\n <br>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ngo\u00e0i:<br>\n \u03b5\u03b1 = (Z\u2081(tan(\u03b1\u2090\u2081) - tan(\u03b1)) + Z\u2082(tan(\u03b1\u2090\u2082) - tan(\u03b1))) \/ (2\u03c0)<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: Z = s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng, \u03b1 = g\u00f3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u03b1\u2090 = g\u00f3c ph\u1ee5\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng AGMA \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao.<\/p>\n\n <h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5c Cardan trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng WGB<\/h3>\n\n <p>Kh\u1ed1i b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh xe v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe trong khi v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay tr\u1ee5c g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee9c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n theo c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>Bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kh\u1edbp to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong><br>\n \u03c9\u2082\/\u03c9\u2081 = cos(\u03b2) \/ (1 - sin\u00b2(\u03b2) \u00d7 sin\u00b2(\u03b8))<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: \u03c9\u2081, \u03c9\u2082 = v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u03b2 = g\u00f3c kh\u1edbp, \u03b8 = g\u00f3c quay\n <\/div>\n\n <p>B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng k\u00e9p v\u1edbi pha th\u00edch h\u1ee3p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c Cardan ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u0129nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf rung \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 ray, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch ly th\u00e2n xe \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y kh\u1ecfi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1-3 Hz \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 0,5-1,5 Hz \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngang, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray k\u00edch th\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ray t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0u, trong khi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ngang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u0103n b\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 100 km\/h tr\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray d\u00e0i 25 m\u00e9t g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i va ch\u1ea1m \u1edf m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 1,11 Hz. S\u00f3ng h\u00e0i cao h\u01a1n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 2,22, 3,33 v\u00e0 4,44 Hz c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>L\u1ef1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c phanh t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng b\u1ed5 sung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng trong \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh xe, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u rung so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3<\/h3>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Qu\u1ea1t ly t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i qua c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. Qu\u1ea1t h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i qua c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a kh\u00e1c nhau do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n, x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xi lanh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u xi lanh h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a b\u01a1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u01a1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. B\u01a1m b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, trong khi b\u01a1m c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t. B\u01a1m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u rung ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ecf linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch ly rung \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng do m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n linh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecbp khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u00e9p \u0111o rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"infographic\">\n <h4>C\u00e1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n WMB\/WGB<\/h4>\n <table>\n <tr>\n <th>th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n <th>Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i<\/th>\n <th>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n <th>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>L\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ean trong<\/td>\n <td>BPFI<\/td>\n <td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi 1\u00d7 RPM<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>L\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111ua b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n <td>BPFO<\/td>\n <td>M\u1eabu bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>L\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\n <td>R\u0103ng m\u00f2n<\/td>\n <td>GMF \u00b1 1\u00d7 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat<\/td>\n <td>D\u1ea3i b\u00ean xung quanh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi b\u00e1nh xe<\/td>\n <td>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Spall<\/td>\n <td>BPFO\/BPFI<\/td>\n <td>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, bao ph\u1ee7<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n <td>S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n <td>2\u00d7 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat<\/td>\n <td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u00ednh<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.5. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n <h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0110\u1ed9 rung<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tinh vi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n <p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 80 dB \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea3 l\u1ed7i ban \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1eeb micr\u00f4met tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m milim\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quan t\u00e2m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00b15% tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb -40\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +70\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong> M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 sang t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 24 bit v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng r\u0103ng c\u01b0a, duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1eb3ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu 40% v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 80 dB \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 Nyquist.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rung si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau \u00e2m cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e0ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 si\u00eau \u00e2m xung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tho\u00e1ng qua trong khi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng cao tr\u00ean 5 kHz sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n RMS trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch High Frequency Envelope (HFE) tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u00f3ng mang si\u00eau \u00e2m, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong><br>\n SE = RMS(bao(HPF(t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u))) - DC_bias<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: HPF = b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng cao >5 kHz, envelope = gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9, RMS = b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xung k\u00edch (SPM) \u0111o bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung si\u00eau \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 32 kHz. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao<\/h3>\n\n <p>V\u00f2ng bi l\u0103n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean xung quanh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng bi.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao th\u01b0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bao th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 bao th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u01b0u ti\u00ean k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ki\u1ec3m tra sin qu\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 8500 Hz cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed5 bao ph\u1ee7 \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 BPFO (167 Hz) khi bong tr\u00f3c v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u00f3ng mang 8500 Hz cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i 50 l\u1ea7n m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 167 Hz so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng xung h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FIR) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh pha tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh m\u00e9o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng xung v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n (IIR) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 bao \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong khi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quay to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quay. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ea7u, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7m tay \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5, thu th\u1eadp d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng sai. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <h3>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. M\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y, trong khi b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1eafn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. \u0110inh t\u00e1n ren cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi g\u1eafn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eaft t\u1eeb. G\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng keo d\u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"warning\">\n <strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong> C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng 700-1500 Hz t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 rung kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 rung xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. M\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c k\u00edn v\u1edbi c\u00e1p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n <p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch, khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 rung ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ea1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u00e1y \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng r\u0103ng c\u01b0a ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p t\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i analog sang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 Nyquist. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea3i d\u1eebng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i analog sang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i 24 bit cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft 144 dB, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 rung ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu tu\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Nyquist y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m cao nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 2,5:1 \u0111\u1ebfn 4:1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng r\u0103ng c\u01b0a v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n <h3>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o<\/h3>\n\n <p>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i trong khi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m tr\u00ean v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c do \u0111\u1ed9 rung gi\u1ea3m qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1ecf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch th\u00edch. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"infographic\">\n <h4>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n WMB<\/h4>\n <table>\n <tr>\n <th>th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n <th>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\n <th>H\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/th>\n <th>Th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>V\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\n <td>B\u00e1n k\u00ednh (ngang)<\/td>\n <td>L\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>V\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\n <td>B\u00e1n k\u00ednh (d\u1ecdc)<\/td>\n <td>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\n <td>H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1<\/td>\n <td>Xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/td>\n <td>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\n <td>H\u1ed9p tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\n <td>Xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/td>\n <td>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh xe<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n <td>Khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>Tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\n <td>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i m\u00f2n<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n <p>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho rung \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t trong khi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ea3i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. T\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng quay ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f9i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u m\u00f2n r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f2n kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eaft m\u00e1y s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n <h3>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n <p>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khi ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh rung c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh, trong khi ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u rung. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eafp c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh l\u1eafp c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y (50\/60 Hz) v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 che ch\u1eafn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh tham s\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Ph\u00e9p \u0111o cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 rung 50 Hz n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c r\u0103ng c\u01b0a c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung 2950 Hz trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu 3000 Hz. X\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong khi v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.6. Tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111o rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n <h3>L\u00e0m quen v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7m tay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ebfm khi cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o v\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong khi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00f2ng bi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao, trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong><br>\n \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y \u2192 Xe t\u1ea3i A \u2192 Tr\u1ee5c 1 \u2192 \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u2192 V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng (Ngang)<br>\n C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1: 0-10 kHz, 6400 d\u00f2ng, Bao th\u01b0 500-8000 Hz<br>\n T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i: 1\u00d7 RPM, BPFO, BPFI, 2\u00d7 T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 rung. Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung chi ti\u1ebft trong khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c minh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh rung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n <p>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111o, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1edbp ren th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t l\u1eafp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay, nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i. T\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00f2e ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong><br>\n \u0394f\/f < 1\/(N \u00d7 T)<br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: \u0394f = bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, f = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, N = v\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5, T = th\u1eddi gian thu th\u1eadp\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay c\u1ea7n 15-30 ph\u00fat v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i. L\u1ed7i \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quang h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n quang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111i qua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c r\u00e3nh then tr\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u thu v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quay.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quay. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh tr\u1ef1c quan t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh quang ph\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n\n <p>Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi\u00ean thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t g\u1eafn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1eafn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111o bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p sau khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi gian \u0111o \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e3n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"warning\">\n <strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5,0 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,8 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n <p>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u00e2m thanh b\u1ed5 sung cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghe si\u00eau \u00e2m cho ph\u00e9p theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 si\u00eau \u00e2m th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung. Theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 rung.<\/p>\n\n <p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu nhi\u1ec7t cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ma s\u00e1t, sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hao m\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n <h3>X\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay sau khi thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edbi trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e0n nhi\u1ec5u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u0103ng c\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng th\u1eddi gian cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch mi\u1ec1n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1. C\u1eaft x\u00e9n, b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb DC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p \u0111o trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>So s\u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho th\u1ea5y 15 mm\/gi\u00e2y RMS \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 3600 Hz m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng bi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. X\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111o l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>2.3.1.7. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn sai. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay sau khi thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mi\u1ec1n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch mi\u1ec1n th\u1eddi gian cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1eaft, nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m xung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong khi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong> T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n rung kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.\n <\/div>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c minh k\u00eanh ch\u00e9o bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111o trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n <h3>X\u00e1c minh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5<\/h3>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n <p>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay do m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1eb9. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cung c\u1ea5p tham chi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 sung. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quay thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb quang ph\u1ed5:<\/strong><br>\n RPM = (T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Hz) \u00d7 60<br>\n <br>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng bi:<br>\n BPFO_actual = BPFO_theoretical \u00d7 (RPM th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \/ RPM danh ngh\u0129a)\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i qua khe cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n <p>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp ph\u00e9p \u0111o. \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00f2e ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <h3>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n <p>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u0111i qua bi V\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i (BPFO) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u0103n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,6 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ball Pass Frequency Inner race (BPFI) ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u00f2ng trong. BPFI th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n BPFO kho\u1ea3ng 40\u201390% v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c:<\/strong><br>\n BPFO = (NB\/2) \u00d7 fr \u00d7 (1 - (Bd\/Pd) \u00d7 cos(\u03c6))<br>\n BPFI = (NB\/2) \u00d7 fr \u00d7 (1 + (Bd\/Pd) \u00d7 cos(\u03c6))<br>\n FTF = (fr\/2) \u00d7 (1 - (Bd\/Pd) \u00d7 cos(\u03c6))<br>\n BSF = (Pd\/2Bd) \u00d7 fr \u00d7 (1 - (Bd\/Pd)\u00b2 \u00d7 cos\u00b2(\u03c6))<br>\n <br>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: NB = s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi, fr = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay, Bd = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh bi, Pd = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u03c6 = g\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\n <\/div>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u (FTF) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng 0,35-0,45 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i FTF v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a bi (BSF) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ed5 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh BSF \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn do bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 dung sai t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00b15% xung quanh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed5 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i BPFO v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111ua b\u00ean trong th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n BPFI v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean c\u00e1ch nhau theo c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i khi v\u00f9ng l\u1ed7i quay qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf BSF ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i l\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf FTF v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u1ec1n t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 l\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 mang kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu:<\/strong> Ph\u1ed5 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1edf 147 Hz, 294 Hz v\u00e0 441 Hz v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u00ean 30 Hz xung quanh m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec9nh cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111ua b\u00ean trong (BPFI = 147 Hz) v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay (30 Hz = 1800 RPM\/60). Chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea3i b\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00f2ng \u0111ua b\u00ean trong.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao th\u01b0<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao th\u01b0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1000-8000 Hz t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng d\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng trong khi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tho\u00e1ng qua v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ed5 bao tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u00f3ng mang. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt mang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong ph\u1ed5 bao v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"infographic\">\n <h4>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/h4>\n <table>\n <tr>\n <th>Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n <th>\u0110\u1ed9 rung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (mm\/gi\u00e2y RMS)<\/th>\n <th>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt<\/th>\n <th>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>T\u1ed1t<\/td>\n <td>< 2.8<\/td>\n <td>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n <td>Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/td>\n <td>2.8 - 7.0<\/td>\n <td>H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n <td>Theo d\u00f5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n <td>7.0 - 18.0<\/td>\n <td>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y<\/td>\n <td>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/td>\n <td>> 18,0<\/td>\n <td>\u0110\u1ec9nh cao th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/td>\n <td>C\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u tham s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n <h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111ua b\u00ean trong x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u1ed7i quay qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng quay. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong khi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ea3i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xung quanh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf. D\u1ea3i bi\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay ch\u1ec9 ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u1ea3i bi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"formula\">\n <strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf:<\/strong><br>\n MI = (Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea3i b\u00ean) \/ (Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f3ng mang)<br>\n <br>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<br>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: MI < 0,2<br>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i: MI = 0,2 - 0,5<br>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng: MI > 0,5\n <\/div>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch pha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n <h3>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ed5 sung<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng sai. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u0103ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n <p>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c l\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"example\">\n <strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> V\u00f2ng bi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o cho th\u1ea5y bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u0103ng 25%, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng 15\u00b0C, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t d\u1ea7u t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m 3% cho th\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng bi \u0111ang xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/h3>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p \u0111o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngang h\u00e0ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"note\">\n <strong>Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n <p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n <p>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u00e1nh xe (WMB), Kh\u1ed1i b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh xe (WGB) v\u00e0 M\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 (AM). M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng sai trong khi v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-6302-0-0-2\" class=\"widget_text so-panel widget widget_custom_html panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">\t\t<section class=\"woocommerce hestia-shop products is-shortcode\" id=\"products-2\" data-sorder=\"hestia_shop\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hestia-shop-content\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\" data-aos=\"fade-up\" >\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/balanset-1\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/balanset-1\/\" title=\"M\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng & M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng Balanset-1A\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7m tay Balanset-1A\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/77-e1693745667801-272x182.webp 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/devices\/\" rel=\"tag\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/balanset-1\/\" title=\"M\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng & M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng Balanset-1A\">M\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng & M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng Balanset-1A<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>1,975.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=986\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"986\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=986\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_986\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"986\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cPortable balancer & Vibration analyzer Balanset-1A\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cPortable balancer & Vibration analyzer Balanset-1A\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_986\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/vibration-sensor\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/vibration-sensor\/\" title=\"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"C\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung Balanset-1A\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-3.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/vibration-sensor\/\" title=\"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>90.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1820\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1820\" data-product_sku=\"VS-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1820\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1820\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1820\" data-product_sku=\"VS-1\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cVibration sensor\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cVibration sensor\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1820\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/optical-sensor-for-balanset-and-arbalance\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/optical-sensor-for-balanset-and-arbalance\/\" title=\"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc (M\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 laser)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc (M\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 laser)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-1536x1023.webp 1536w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-460x306.webp 460w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ZKqzGXSCCBU.webp 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/optical-sensor-for-balanset-and-arbalance\/\" title=\"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc (M\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 laser)\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc (M\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 laser)<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>124.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1832\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1832\" data-product_sku=\"Tach-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1832\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1832\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1832\" data-product_sku=\"Tach-1\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cOptical Sensor (Laser Tachometer)\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cOptical Sensor (Laser Tachometer)\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1832\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/balanset-4\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/balanset-4\/\" title=\"Balanset-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng r\u00f4to Vibromera: h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111a k\u00eanh, m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7m tay, \u0111\u1ebf t\u1eeb, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung v\u00e0 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-460x306.webp 460w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/balkom4.webp 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/devices\/\" rel=\"tag\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/balanset-4\/\" title=\"Balanset-4\">Balanset-4<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>6,803.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1833\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1833\" data-product_sku=\"BS-4\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1833\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1833\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1833\" data-product_sku=\"BS-4\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cBalanset-4\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cBalanset-4\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1833\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- \/.row --><div class=\"row\">\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/magnet-stand\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/magnet-stand\/\" title=\"\u0110\u1ebf t\u1eeb Insize-60-kgf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ebf nam ch\u00e2m.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG-36.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/magnet-stand\/\" title=\"\u0110\u1ebf t\u1eeb Insize-60-kgf\">\u0110\u1ebf t\u1eeb Insize-60-kgf<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>46.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1852\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1852\" data-product_sku=\"MS-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=1852\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1852\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"1852\" data-product_sku=\"MS-1\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cMagnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cMagnetic Stand Insize-60-kgf\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_1852\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/reflective-tape\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/reflective-tape\/\" title=\"B\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n quang\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"B\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n quang\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-460x306.webp 460w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/s-l1600-272x182.webp 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/parts\/\" rel=\"tag\">Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/reflective-tape\/\" title=\"B\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n quang\">B\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n quang<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>10.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=2329\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"2329\" data-product_sku=\"rt-1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=2329\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_2329\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"2329\" data-product_sku=\"rt-1\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cReflective tape\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cReflective tape\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_2329\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 shop-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/dynamic-balancer-balanset-1a\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/dynamic-balancer-balanset-1a\/\" title=\"M\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-230x153.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Balanset-1A bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb giao di\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-230x153.webp 230w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-2048x1366.webp 2048w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-272x182.webp 272w, https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u041a\u0438\u0442-scaled-e1732998877834.webp 708w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ripple-container\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product-category\/devices\/\" rel=\"tag\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"shop-item-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/product\/dynamic-balancer-balanset-1a\/\" title=\"M\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM\">M\u00e1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"price\"><h4><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>1,735.00<\/span> + Thu\u1ebf GTGT (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=4193\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"4193\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1OEM\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart btn btn-just-icon btn-simple btn-default\" title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" data-no-translation-title=\"\"><i rel=\"tooltip\" data-original-title=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\" class=\"fas fa-cart-plus\" data-no-translation-data-original-title=\"\"><\/i><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><a href=\"\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302?add-to-cart=4193\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_4193\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" data-product_id=\"4193\" data-product_sku=\"BS-1OEM\" aria-label=\"Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng: \u201cDynamic balancer \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cDynamic balancer \u201cBalanset-1A\u201d OEM\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/a>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_4193\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Devices Portable balancer & Vibration analyzer Balanset-1A €1,975.00 + VAT (if applicable) Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng Parts Vibration sensor €90.00 + VAT (if applicable) Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng Parts Optical Sensor (Laser Tachometer) €124.00 + VAT (if applicable) Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng Devices Balanset-4 €6,803.00 + VAT […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6300,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-content"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6302"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102298,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6302\/revisions\/102298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibromera.eu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}