MBL = K × d² (kN), where K is a factor based on construction type and d is diameter in mm.

Typical: 5:1 for general lifting, 6:1 for personnel, 3.5:1 for static loads.

6 strands × 19 wires per strand. Different constructions have different flexibility and strength.

Check for broken wires, kinks, corrosion, diameter reduction, and core protrusion per ISO 4309.

Approximately 0.04 × d² kg/m for standard steel rope.