ISO 14224 is an international standard for collecting and exchanging reliability and maintenance data for equipment in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. It provides a standardized taxonomy for classifying equipment, failure modes, and failure causes.

MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) is the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a mechanical or electronic system during normal operation. It is typically expressed in hours or years and is a key metric in reliability engineering.

How does ISO 14224 classify failure modes?

ISO 14224 uses a hierarchical taxonomy with equipment class, subunit, and maintainable item levels. Failure modes describe how equipment fails (e.g., leakage, vibration, overheating), while failure mechanisms explain why it fails (e.g., corrosion, fatigue, erosion).

What is the difference between failure mode and failure cause?

A failure mode describes the way a failure is observed (e.g., abnormal vibration, leakage, failure to start). A failure cause (or mechanism) describes the underlying reason (e.g., bearing wear, seal degradation, corrosion). ISO 14224 distinguishes both for proper root cause analysis.

How can failure data improve maintenance strategy?

By analyzing failure modes and their frequencies, maintenance can shift from reactive to predictive. High-frequency failures may justify condition monitoring, while age-related failures support time-based replacement. ISO 14224 data enables reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) decisions.

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設備故障分類器

依據 ISO 14224 對設備故障進行分類。選擇設備類型與觀察到的症狀，以識別故障模式、典型 MTBF 範圍及維護策略。

ISO 14224可靠度資料MTBF 參考

設備類型

嚴重度

觀察到的症狀（選擇所有適用的項目）

快速情境

分類結果

故障模式階層

ISO 14224 定義了用於記錄可靠度資料的結構化階層：

設備類別 — 例如：泵浦、壓縮機、馬達
子單元 — 例如：旋轉設備 → 軸承子單元
可維護項目 — 例如：軸承、密封件、葉輪
故障模式 — 觀察到的效應（振動、洩漏等）
故障機制 — 根本原因（疲勞、腐蝕、侵蝕）

依據 ISO 14224 的常見故障模式

代碼	故障模式	說明
FTS	無法啟動	設備在需求時無法啟動
STP	虛假停止	運轉期間意外停機
ELU	外部洩漏 — 公用設施	公用設施流體洩漏
ELP	外部洩漏 — 製程	製程介質洩漏
INL	內部洩漏	內部屏障間洩漏
VIB	異常振動	振動超過可接受限值
OHE	過熱	過高溫度
LOO	輸出偏低	性能降低（流量、壓力）
NOI	異常噪音	運轉期間出現異常聲響
ERO	輸出不穩	性能波動或不穩定

注意： 所示 MTBF 值為來自 OREDA 等資料庫的典型產業範圍。實際 MTBF 取決於運轉條件、維護品質與設備設計。