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轴承 L10 寿命计算器
根据 ISO 281 标准计算轴承基本额定寿命 L10。输入动载荷额定值 C、等效动载荷 P、轴承类型和转速。
成果
适用性警告： C/P 低于 2。公开的制造商指南指出，在此范围内常规额定寿命理论不再完全适用。此处显示数学计算结果，但需要轴承专用指南和更完整的分析。
基本额定寿命（ISO 281）
基本额定寿命（以转数计）：
基本额定寿命（小时）：
- C — 轴承目录中的基本额定动载荷 (kN)
- P — 等效动态轴承载荷 (kN)
- n — 转速（RPM）
- p — 寿命指数： p = 3 对于滚珠轴承而言， p = 10/3 用于滚子轴承
选择所需寿命
ISO 281 提供额定寿命计算，并非针对每种机器类型的通用最低寿命。应根据机器规范和风险评估，结合实际工作周期、可靠性目标、维护策略及轴承制造商的应用指南选择所需寿命。
范围： 基本额定寿命是在常规条件下的统计疲劳额定值。ISO 281 未涵盖所有使用寿命原因；磨损、腐蚀和电蚀可能导致更早失效。
实例
已知： C = 42.3 kN，P = 8.5 kN，转速 = 1500 RPM，滚珠轴承（p = 3）
C/P = 42.3 / 8.5 = 4.976
L₁₀ = (4.976)³ × 10⁶ = 123.24 × 10⁶ = 123,244,000 转
L₁₀ₕ = 123,244,000 / (60 × 1500) = 1369小时
ℹ️ 注意： 本计算器仅计算基本 L₁₀ 寿命。ISO 281 将修正额定寿命表示为 Lnm = a₁ × aISO × L₁₀，其中各系数按所需可靠性和运行条件选取。
L10 life is the basic rating life defined by ISO 281 — the number of revolutions (or hours at a given speed) that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue damage appears. In other words, there is a 10% probability of failure before L10 is reached.
It is the industry-standard metric for comparing and selecting bearings.
L10 is the basic rating life based on C/P and the life exponent. ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as Lnm = a₁ × aISO × L₁₀.
The factors account for the selected reliability and operating conditions including lubrication, contamination and fatigue load limit. This calculator computes only basic L10 life.
The life exponent p reflects the contact geometry between rolling elements and raceways. Ball bearings have point contact (small elliptical contact area), giving p = 3. Roller bearings have line contact (rectangular contact area), giving p = 10/3 ≈ 3.333.
The higher exponent for rollers means their life is more sensitive to load changes — a small load increase causes a proportionally larger reduction in life compared to ball bearings.
Equivalent dynamic load reduces the actual load case or duty cycle to the load used by the rating-life equation. The applicable equation, factors and thresholds depend on bearing type, arrangement, load direction and manufacturer data.
Use the catalog method for the exact bearing and combine variable operating conditions correctly; P = X·Fr + Y·Fa is not a universal one-line rule for every bearing and load case.
There is no universal acceptable value. Derive the requirement from the machine specification and risk assessment, including duty cycle, reliability target, maintenance strategy and bearing manufacturer guidance.
Basic rating life is a statistical fatigue rating, not a guarantee of actual service life; wear, corrosion, electrical erosion and other mechanisms can end service life earlier.
本页所述的操作流程由 Vibromera 团队使用 Balanset-1A（一款用于现场转子平衡的便携式双通道动平衡仪及振动分析仪）开发并经过实地测试。
专业便携式平衡机、振动分析仪和状态监测系统。通过精密平衡延长轴承寿命。产品已在全球50多个国家/地区使用。
