軸承 L10 壽命計算器

L10 life is the basic rating life defined by ISO 281 — the number of revolutions (or hours at a given speed) that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue damage appears. In other words, there is a 10% probability of failure before L10 is reached.

It is the industry-standard metric for comparing and selecting bearings.

L10 is the basic rating life based on C/P and the life exponent. ISO 281 expresses modified rating life as L_nm = a₁ × a_ISO × L₁₀.

The factors account for the selected reliability and operating conditions including lubrication, contamination and fatigue load limit. This calculator computes only basic L10 life.

The life exponent p reflects the contact geometry between rolling elements and raceways. Ball bearings have point contact (small elliptical contact area), giving p = 3. Roller bearings have line contact (rectangular contact area), giving p = 10/3 ≈ 3.333.

The higher exponent for rollers means their life is more sensitive to load changes — a small load increase causes a proportionally larger reduction in life compared to ball bearings.

Equivalent dynamic load reduces the actual load case or duty cycle to the load used by the rating-life equation. The applicable equation, factors and thresholds depend on bearing type, arrangement, load direction and manufacturer data.

Use the catalog method for the exact bearing and combine variable operating conditions correctly; P = X·F_r + Y·F_a is not a universal one-line rule for every bearing and load case.

There is no universal acceptable value. Derive the requirement from the machine specification and risk assessment, including duty cycle, reliability target, maintenance strategy and bearing manufacturer guidance.

Basic rating life is a statistical fatigue rating, not a guarantee of actual service life; wear, corrosion, electrical erosion and other mechanisms can end service life earlier.