免費工程工具 #020
振動限值 — 汽輪機與發電機 >40 MW
依據 ISO 20816-2 評估汽輪機與發電機的振動嚴重度。支援軸承座速度與軸相對位移量測。
結果
| 公差帶 | 邊界 | 說明 |
|---|
ISO 20816-2 範圍
ISO 20816-2 規範了輸出超過 40 MW、運轉速度介於 1500 至 3600 RPM（50/60 Hz 發電）之汽輪機與發電機的振動評估準則。涵蓋軸承座振動與軸相對振動。
軸承座振動
軸承座（基座）上測量的寬頻振動速度單位為 mm/s RMS，通常位於 10–1000 Hz 頻率範圍。以下邊界值對應於已發布表格中轉速為 1500 r/min 與 1800 r/min 的欄位；對於 3000–3600 r/min 機台，已發布的邊界值較高（A/B 3.8、B/C 7.5、C/D 11.8 mm/s RMS），因此此簡化單一表格對兩極機台而言屬保守估計。
| 區域邊界 | 振速 (mm/s RMS) |
|---|---|
| A/B | 2.8 |
| B/C | 5.3 |
| C/D | 8.5 |
軸相對位移
軸振動以近接探頭量測，以 μm 峰對峰值表示。這些數值為一般應用之簡化值。
| 區域邊界 | 位移 (μm p-p) |
|---|---|
| A/B | 50 |
| B/C | 100 |
| C/D | 165 |
ℹ️ 注意： 軸位移限值可能隨運轉速度而異。上述數值為一般用途之簡化值。如需精確的速度相關限值，請參閱完整 ISO 20816-2 標準。
⚠️ 重要： 應同時監控軸承座與軸振動。機器可能顯示低軸承座振動但高軸振動，或反之。兩者評估中較差者決定整體評估結果。
ISO 20816-2 applies to steam turbines and generators with power output greater than 40 MW, operating at speeds between 1500 and 3600 RPM (for 50/60 Hz power generation). This includes:
- Large power station turbine-generator sets
- Industrial steam turbines driving generators
- Combined-cycle plant steam turbines
- Nuclear power plant turbine-generators
Bearing housing vibration is measured with sensors mounted on the bearing pedestal, expressed in mm/s RMS. It reflects the vibration transmitted through the bearing to the support structure.
Shaft relative vibration is measured with proximity probes inside the bearing, expressed in μm peak-to-peak. It measures the actual shaft orbit relative to the bearing clearance.
Both measurements are essential — bearing housing vibration alone may miss internal rotor issues on stiff foundations.
Steam turbines use fluid-film (journal) bearings where the bearing housing may show low vibration even when the shaft has significant movement. Shaft relative measurement captures:
- Rotor unbalance and thermal bowing
- Oil whirl and oil whip instabilities
- Rotor cracks and rubs
- Misalignment between coupled rotors
Monitoring shaft vibration is critical for early detection of developing faults.
For Zone C on a steam turbine or generator:
- Immediately notify plant management and operations
- Investigate root cause — check balance condition, alignment, bearing condition, foundation, thermal state
- Increase monitoring frequency to continuous if not already
- Plan corrective action for the next available outage
- Monitor trend — if approaching Zone D, consider load reduction or planned shutdown
ISO 20816-2 consolidates the former ISO 10816-2 (bearing housing vibration) and ISO 7919-2 (shaft vibration) for steam turbines into a single unified standard. The zone boundaries are essentially the same, but the new standard provides updated guidance on combined evaluation using both measurement types.
本頁所述的操作流程由 Vibromera 團隊使用 Balanset-1A（一款用於現場轉子平衡的便攜式雙通道動平衡儀及振動分析儀）開發並經過實地測試。
渦輪機械用專業振動分析儀與現場動平衡系統。現場符合 ISO 20816 之評估。應用於 50 多個國家。
Nikolai Shelkovenko
Nikolai Shelkovenko是一名振動分析工程師，也是Vibromera的創辦人兼執行長。 15年多來，他一直在現場——而非在試驗台上——為旋轉設備進行動平衡校正：粉碎機、工業風機、破碎機、離心機、軸與主軸。正是這些實際工作催生了Balanset系列儀器——它們被設計為一種專業人員可以隨身攜帶到機器旁、在現場獨立使用的工具，而非實驗室設備。 Vibromera成立於2017年，自2023年起總部設於葡萄牙波爾圖。Balanset系列產品的研發、組裝與支援均在此完成。旗艦產品是Balanset-1A，一款用於單平面及雙平面動平衡校正與振動診斷的可攜式分析儀。 Nikolai親自參與客戶支援工作，處理各種棘手的動平衡校正案例，並參與軟體開發。他以任何語言為全球客戶提供服務。
