Payvandlashdagi issiqlik kiritish nima va u nima uchun muhim?

Heat input Q = (η × V × I × 60) / (S × 1000) in kJ/mm, where η is thermal efficiency, V is voltage, I is current, and S is travel speed. It controls weld bead size, HAZ width, distortion, residual stress, and mechanical properties. Too high = grain coarsening; too low = lack of fusion.

Turli payvandlash jarayonlari uchun issiqlik samaradorligi koeffitsientlari qanday?

Per EN 1011-1: SAW = 1.0, SMAW = 0.8, MIG/MAG = 0.8, FCAW = 0.8, TIG = 0.6. These account for heat lost to radiation and convection rather than entering the workpiece.

Sovutish vaqti t8/5 nima?

t8/5 is the time (seconds) for the weld HAZ to cool from 800°C to 500°C. This controls the microstructure: short t8/5 → martensite (hard, brittle); long t8/5 → ferrite/pearlite (softer, tougher). Target: 5-25 seconds for most carbon steels.

Oldindan qizdirish harorati qanday aniqlanadi?

Oldindan qizdirish uglerod ekvivalenti (CE), plita qalinligi, issiqlik kiritish va vodorod miqdoriga bog'liq. CE uchun 0,45: 150–250°C. AWS D1.1 3.3-jadvaliga muvofiq, qalinlik bo'yicha tuzatishlar bilan.

ISO 4063 classifies welding processes by reference numbers: 111=SMAW, 131=MIG, 135=MAG, 136=FCAW, 141=TIG, 121=SAW. Used on drawings, WPS documents, and welder qualifications.

Muhandislik uchun bepul vosita

Payvandlashdagi issiqlik kiritish kalkulyatori & ISO 4063

Issiqlik kiritishni (kJ/mm), sovutish vaqti t8/5 ni, oldindan qizdirish tavsiyasini va uglerod ekvivalentini hisoblang. ISO 4063 jarayon ma'lumotnomasi kiritilgan.

ISO 4063 EN 1011-1 Issiqlik kiritish kJ/mm

Payvandlash jarayoni

Arc Voltage (V)

Payvandlash toki (A)

Travel Speed (mm/min)

Plastina qalinligi (mm)

Uglerod ekvivalenti CE (IIW formula)

Quick presets

Results

Heat Input Q

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Issiqlik samaradorligi η

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Yoy energiyasi (η hisobsiz)

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Sovutish vaqti t8/5 (taxm.)

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Uglerod ekvivalenti CE

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Oldindan Qizdirish Tavsiyasi

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Payvandlanuvchanlikni Baholash

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ISO 4063 jarayoni

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Issiqlik kiritishini hisoblash (EN 1011-1)

Issiqlik kiritish — payvand birligi uzunligiga yetkazilgan energiya:

η — termik samaradorlik koeffitsienti (jarayonga bog'liq)
V — yoy kuchlanishi (volt)
I — payvandlash toki (amper)
S — harakat tezligi (mm/min)

Termik samaradorlik koeffitsientlari

ISO 4063 No.	Process	η (EN 1011-1)
121	SAW (suv osti yoyi)	1.0
111	SMAW (elektrod / qo'lda yoy)	0.8
131	MIG (inert gaz)	0.8
135	MAG (active gas)	0.8
136	FCAW (fluksli sim)	0.8
141	TIG / GTAW	0.6

t8/5 sovutish vaqtini hisoblash

The time to cool from 800°C to 500°C determines the resulting microstructure. Simplified Rosenthal 2D model for thick plates:

Uglerod ekvivalenti & oldindan qizdirish

IIW uglerod ekvivalenti formulasi payvandlanish qobiliyatini va oldindan qizdirish ehtiyojlarini bashorat qiladi:

Amaliy Misol

Misol — MAG payvandlash 20 mm S355 plita

Given: Process 135 (η=0.8), V=28V, I=250A, S=300 mm/min, CE=0.42

Arc energy = (28 × 250 × 60) / (300 × 1000) = 1.40 kJ/mm

Heat input Q = 0.8 × 1.40 = 1.12 kJ/mm

CE = 0.42 → O'rtacha payvandlanish qobiliyati, oldindan qizdirish talab etiladi 100–150°C recommended

⚠️ Note: t8/5 bahosi soddalashtirilgan. Haqiqiy sovutish qo'shilish geometriyasiga, oldindan qizdirish, oraliq o'tish harorati va atrof-muhit sharoitlariga bog'liq. Muhim ilovalar uchun EN 1011-2 ga murojaat qiling.

No.	Process	Tavsif	η
111	SMAW	Himoyalangan metall yoy (stick/MMA)	0.8
114	FCAW-S	O'z-o'zini himoyalovchi fluksli sim	0.8
121	SAW	Suv osti yoyli payvandlash	1.0
131	MIG	Metall inert gaz (Ar) — alyuminiy, zanglamaydigan po'lat	0.8
135	MAG	Metal active gas (CO₂/Ar+CO₂) — carbon steel	0.8
136	FCAW-G	Flux-cored + active gas	0.8
137	FCAW-G	Fluksli sim + inert gaz	0.8
138	MCAW	Metal-cored wire + active gas	0.8
141	TIG	Volfram inert gaz (GTAW)	0.6
15	Plasma	Plazma yoyli payvandlash	0.6
311	OAW	Oksiasetilen payvandlash	0.45
42	Friction	Ishqalanish payvandlash	—
52	Laser	Lazer nurli payvandlash	0.9