Portativ balanslashtirgich "BALANSET-1A"
Ikki Kanallik PC-Asosida Dinamik Balanslash Tizimi
FOYDALANISH QO'LLANMA
rev. 2023 yil 1.56 may
2023 | Estonia, Narva
SAFETY NOTICE: Ushbu qurilma AB xavfsizlik standartlariga javob beradi. II Sinf Lazer Mahsuloti. Aylanuvchi mexanizmalar xavfsizlik protseduralarini kuzating. Quyida to'liq xavfsizlik ma'lumotlarini ko'ring →
1. BALANSLASH TIZIMINING UMUMIY KÖ'RINISHI
Balanset-1A balanslagich ventilyatorlar, shlifovka g'altaklari, spindle'lar, droblagichlar, nasoslar va boshqa aylanadigan mashinalar uchun bir- va ikki tekislikli dinamik balanslash xizmatlarini taqdim etadi.
Balanset-1A balanslash qurilmasi ikki tebranish sensori (akselerometri), lazerniy faza sensori (takometr), 2-kanalli USB interfeys bloki oldindan kuchaytirgichlar, integrator va ADC axborot yig'ish moduli hamda Windows asosidagi balanslash dasturi bilan birga keladi. Balanset-1A notebook yoki boshqa Windows (WinXP...Win11, 32 yoki 64bit) muvofiq shaxsiy kompyuterni talab qiladi.
Balanslash dasturi avtomatik ravishda bitta tekislik va ikki tekislik balanslash uchun to'g'ri balanslash echimini taqdim etadi. Balanset-1A tebranishsiz mutaxassislar uchun foydalanish oson.
Barcha balanslash natijalari arxivda saqlanadi va hisobotlarni yaratish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin.
Key Features
Easy to Use
- • Foydalanuvchi tanlovi bo'yicha sinov massasi
- • Sinov massasi amal qilishligi paydo bo'lishi
- • Ma'lumotlarni qo'lda kiritish
O'lchash Imkoniyatlari
- • RPM, amplituda va faza
- • FFT spektr tahlili
- • Vaveform va spektr ko'rinishi
- • Ikki kanallik bir vaqtning o'lchovi
Ilg'or Funktsiyalar
- • Saqlangan ta'sir koeffitsientlari
- • Ajustirlovchi balanslash
- • Mandrel ekssentrisiteti hisoblashi
- • ISO 1940 tolerantsi hisoblashi
Ma'lumotlarni boshqarish
- • Cheksiz balanslash ma'lumotlarini saqlash
- • Tebranish vaveform saqlovi
- • Arxiv va hisobotlar
Hisoblash Vositalari
- • Bo'lingan og'irlik hisoblashi
- • Eshakni burg'ulash hisoblashi
- • Korrektsiya tekisliklarini o'zgartirish
- • Polar grafik vizualizatsiyasi
Tahlil Variantlari
- • Sna'q yo'llarni olib tashlash yoki qoldirib ketish
- • RunDown grafiklar (eksperimental)
2. SPESIFIKA
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Tebranish tezligining o'rtacha kvadrat qiymatini (RMS) o'lchash diapazoni, mm/sek (1x tebranish uchun) | from 0.2 to 80 |
| Tebranish tezligini RMS o'lchash chastota diapazoni, Gts | from 5 to 1000 (amplitude error ≤10% above 550 Hz) |
| Tuzatish tekisliklari soni | 1 yoki 2 |
| Aylanishni o'lchash chastotasi diapazoni, rpm | 250 – 90000 |
| Tebranish fazasini o'lchash diapazoni, burchak darajalari | 0 dan 360 gacha |
| Tebranish fazasini o'lchash xatosi, burchak darajalari | ± 1 |
| RMS vibratsion tezlikni o'lchash aniqligining o'lchami | ±(0.1 + 0.1×Vmeasured) mm/sec |
| Aylanish chastotasini o'lchash aniqligining o'lchami | ±(1 + 0.005×Nmeasured) rpm |
| O'rtacha vaqt nosozliklarsiz ishlash (MTBF), soat, min | 1000 |
| O'rtacha xizmat hayoti, yil, min | 6 |
| O'lchami (qattiq korpusda), sm | 39*33*13 |
| Mass, kg | <5 |
| Vibratsion sensor umumiy o'lchamlari, mm, maks | 25*25*20 |
| Vibratsion sensorning massasi, kg, maks | 0.04 |
|
Ishlash shartlari: - Temperature range: from 5°C to 50°C - Nisbiy namlik: < 85%, to'yinmagan - Kuchli elektromagnit maydon & kuchli zarba yo'q |
|
3. PAKET
Balanset-1A balanslashchi ikki o'qli akselerometr, lazerni faza-mos markerli (raqamli tachometer), 2-kanalli USB interfeys bloki oldindan amplifikatorlar, integratorlar va ADC olish moduli hamda Windows asosidagi balanslash dasturi bilan birga keladi.
Delivery Set
| Tavsif | Raqam | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|
| USB interfeys birligi | 1 | |
| Lazer fazasi mos yozuvlar belgisi (takometr) | 1 | |
| Bir o'qli akselerometrlar | 2 | |
| Magnit stend | 1 | |
| Raqamli tarozilar | 1 | |
| Yuk tashish uchun qattiq sumka | 1 | |
| "Balanset-1A". Foydalanuvchi qo'llanmasi. | 1 | |
| Balanslash dasturi bilan flesh-disk | 1 |
4. BALANCE PRINCIPLES
4.1. "Balanset-1A" (rasm 4.1) USB interfeys blokini o'z ichiga oladi (1), ikki akselerometr (2) and (3), faza-mos markerli (4) va portable kompyuter (ta'minlanmadi) (5).
Yetkazib berish to'plami magnitli turgilik ham o'z ichiga oladi (6) ) used for mounting the phase reference marker and digital scales 7.
X1 and X2 connectors intended for connection of the vibration sensors respectively to 1 and 2 measuring channels, and the X3 connector used for connection of the phase reference marker.
The USB cable provides power supply and connection of the USB interface unit to the computer.
4.1-rasm. "Balanset-1A" ning yetkazib berish to'plami
Mechanical vibrations cause an electrical signal proportional to the vibration acceleration on the output of the vibration sensor. Digitized signals from ADC module transferred via USB to the portable PC ( (5). Faza ishorasining markaziyi aylanish chastotasini va tebranish faza burchagini hisoblash uchun ishlatiladigan puls signalini yaratadi. Windows-asosidagi dastur bir tekislikdagi va ikki tekislikdagi balansirish, spektr tahlili, grafiklar, hisobotlar, ta'sir koeffitsientlarini saqlash uchun yechim taqdim etadi
5. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
⚡ DIQQAT - Elektr xavfsizligi
5.1. When operating on 220V electrical safety regulations must be observed. It is not allowed to repair the device when connected to 220 V.
5.2. Agar siz qurilmani past sifatli o'zgaruvchan tok quvvati muhiti yoki tarmoq xamdardligi mavjudligida ishlatsangiz, kompyuterning batareya bloki orqali mustaqil quvvatdan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi.
⚠️ Aylanuvchi Jihozlar uchun Qo'shimcha Xavfsizlik Talablari
- !Mashinani Blokirovka Qilish: Sensorlarni o'rnatishdan oldin doimo tegishli blokirovka/etiketka protsedurasini amalga oshiring
- !Shaxsiy Himoya Vositalari: Xavfsizlik ko'zoynaklarini, eshitish himoyasini kiyib oling va aylanuvchi mashinalar yaqinida bo'sh kiyim nega'vlan qiling
- !Xavfsiz O'rnatish: Barcha sensorlar va kabellar xavfsiz tarzda mahkam qo'yilganligini va aylanuvchi qismlar tomonidan ushlanib qolmasligini ta'minlang
- !Favqulodda Vaziyatlar Uchun Proseduralar: Favqulodda to'xtatish va to'xtatish proseduralarining joylashuvini bilib oling
- !Training: Faqat o'qitilgan shaxslar aylanuvchi mashinalar ustida balansirish jihozlarini ishlatishlari kerak
6. DASTURIY VA APPARATNI SOZLAMALAR
6.1. USB drivers and balancing software installation
Before working install drivers and balancing software.
Papkalar va fayllar ro'yxati
Installation disk (flash drive) contains the following files and folders:
- Bs1Av###Setup – "Balanset-1A" balansirish dasturining papkasi (### – versiya raqami)
- ArdDrv – USB drivers
- EBalancer_manual.pdf – this manual
- Bal1Av###Setup.exe – sozlash fayli. Bu fayl yuqorida tilga olingan barcha arxiv qilingan fayllar va papkalarni o'z ichiga oladi. ### – "Balanset-1A" dasturining versiyasi.
- Ebalanc.cfg – sezuvchanligi qiymati
- Bal.ini – ba'zi boshlang'ich ma'lumotlar
Dastur o'rnatish tartibini
For installing drivers and specialized software run file Bal1Av###Setup.exe and follow setup instructions by pressing buttons «Next», «ОК» etc.
Choose setup folder. Usually the given folder should not be changed.
Then the program requires specifying Program group and desktop folders. Press button Next.
O'rnatishni yakunlash
- ✓Install sensors on the inspected or balanced mechanism (Detailed information about how to install the sensors is given in Annex 1)
- ✓Connect vibration sensors 2 and 3 to the inputs X1 and X2, and phase angle sensor to the input X3 of USB interface unit.
- ✓Connect USB interface unit to the USB-port of the computer.
- ✓AC elektr quvvatidan foydalanayotganda kompyuterni elektr tarmoqqa ulang. Elektr quvvat manbasini 220 V, 50 Hz ga ulang.
- ✓Desktop da "Balanset-1A" yorliqini bosing.
7. BALANSLASH DASTURI
7.1. General
Initial window
"Balanset-1A" dasturini ishga tushirganda, 7.1-rasm da ko'rsatilgan Boshlang'ich oyna paydo bo'ladi.
7.1-rasm. "Balanset-1A" ning Boshlang'ich oynas
Boshlang'ich oynada ularni bosishda amalga oshiriladigan funksiyalarning nomlari bilan 9 ta tugma mavjud.
F1-«About»
7.2-rasm. F1-«Haqida» oynas
F2-«Single plane», F3-«Two plane»
Pressing "F2- Single-plane" (or F2 function key on the computer keyboard) selects the measurement vibration on the X1.
After clicking this button, the computer display diagram shown in Fig. 7.1 illustrating a process of measuring the vibration only on the first measuring channel (or the balancing process in a single plane).
Pressing the "F3-Two-plane" (or F3 function key on the computer keyboard) selects the mode of vibration measurements on two channels X1 and X2 simultaneously. (Fig. 7.3.)
7.3-rasm. "Balanset-1A" ning Boshlang'ich oynas. Ikki tekislik balanslash.
F4 – «Sozlamalar»
7.4-rasm. "Sozlamalar" oynas
In this window you can change some Balanset-1A settings.
- Sensitivity. The nominal value is 13 mV / mm/s.
Changing the sensitivity coefficients of sensors is required only when replacing sensors!
Attention!
Sezgirlilk koeffitsiyentini kiritayotganda uning kasr qismi butun qismdan o'nli nuqta (vergul "," belgisi) bilan ajratiladi.
- Averaging – number of averaging (number of revolutions of the rotor over which data is averaged to more accuracy)
- Tacho channel# - Tacho ulangan kanal raqami. Sukut bo'yicha - 3-chi kanal.
- Unevenness - qo'shni tacho impulslar orasidagi vaqt davomidagi farq, u yuqorida "Failure of the tachometer"
- Imperial/Metric - O'lchov birlarining tizimini tanlang.
Com port number is assigned automatically.
F5 – «Tebranish o'lchagich»
Pressing this button (or a function key of F5 on the computer keyboard) activates the mode of vibration measurement on one or two measuring channels of virtual Vibration meter depending on the buttons condition “F2-bitta tekislik", "F3-two-plane".
F6 – «Reports»
Pressing this button (or F6 function key on the computer keyboard) switches on the balancing Archive, from which you can print the report with the results of balancing for a specific mechanism (rotor).
F7 - "Muvozanatlash"
Pressing this button (or function key F7 on your keyboard) activates balancing mode in one or two correction planes depending on which measurement mode is selected by pressing the buttons “F2-bitta tekislik", "F3-two-plane".
F8 - "Chartlar"
Pressing this button (or F8 function key on the computer’s keyboard) enables graphic Vibration meter, the implementation of which displays on a display simultaneously with the digital values of the amplitude and phase of the vibration graphics of its time function.
F10 – «Exit»
Pressing this button (or F10 funktsiya tugmasi kompyuter klaviaturasida) "Balanset-1A" dasturini tugatadi.
7.2. "Tebranish o'lchagich"
"Vibration meter" rejimida ishlashdan avval mashinaga vibratsiya sensarlarini o'rnating va ularni USB interfeys blokining X1 va X2 ulagichlari bilan bog'lang. Tacho sensori USB interfeys blokining X3 kirishiga bog'lanishi kerak.
Fig. 7.5 USB interface unit
Tacho ishlashi uchun rotorning sirtiga aks etadigan lenta qo'ying.
7.6-rasm. Aks etadigan lenta.
Recommendations for the installation and configuration of sensors are given in Annex 1.
Vibratsiya o'lchagich rejimida o'lchovni boshlash uchun programma oynasining dastlabki oynasida (7.1-rasmga qarang) "F5 – Vibration Meter" tugmasini bosing.
Vibration Meter window appears (see. Fig.7.7)
Fig. 7.7. Vibration meter mode. Wave and Spectrum.
Vibratsiya o'lchovlarini boshlash uchun "F9 – Run" tugmasini bosing (yoki funktsiya klavishini bosing F9 on the keyboard).
If Trigger rejimi Avto is checked – the results of vibration measurements will be periodically displayed on the screen.
In case of simultaneous measurement of vibration on the first and second channels, the windows located beneath the words “Plane 1" and "Plane 2" to'ldiriladi.
Vibration measuring in the “Vibration” mode also may be carried out with disconnected phase angle sensor. In the Initial window of the program the value of the total RMS vibration (V1s, V2s) will only be displayed.
Vibratsiya o'lchagich rejimida quyidagi sozlamalar mavjud
- RMS Low, Hz – umumiy vibratsiyaning RMS ni hisoblash uchun eng past chastota
- Bandwidth - grafikda vibratsiya chastotasi taqsimlash diapazoni
- Averages - o'lchash aniqligi uchun o'rtalashtirish soni
"Vibratsiya o'lchagich" rejimida ishni yakunlash uchun "F10 – Exit" tugmasini bosing va dastlabki oynaga qaytib keling.
Fig. 7.8. Vibration meter mode. Rotation speed Unevenness, 1x vibration wave form.
Fig. 7.9. Vibration meter mode. Rundown (beta version, no warranty!).
7.3 Muvozanat qilish jarayoni
Balanslash yaxshi texnik holatda va to'g'ri o'rnatilgan mexanizmlar uchun amalga oshiriladi. Aks holda, balanslashdan oldin mexanizmni ta'mirlash, to'g'ri rulmanlarga o'rnatish va mahkamlash kerak. Rotorni muvozanatlash jarayoniga xalaqit beradigan ifloslantiruvchi moddalardan tozalash kerak.
Balanslashdan oldin tebranish o'lchagich rejimida (F5 tugmasi) tebranish asosan 1x tebranish ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling.
7.10-rasm. Vibratsiyani o'lchash rejimi. Umumiy (V1s,V2s) va 1x (V1o,V2o) tebranishlarni tekshirish.
Agar umumiy vibratsiya V1s (V2s) qiymati aylanish chastotasida vibratsiyaning kattaligi (1x vibratsiya) V1o (V2o) ga taxminan teng bo'lsa, vibratsiya mexanizmining asosiy hissasi rotorning disbalansi (disbalansi) dan kelib chiqadi deb hisoblanadi. Agar umumiy vibratsiya V1s (V2s) qiymati 1x vibratsiya komponenti V1o (V2o) dan ancha yuqori bo'lsa, mexanizmning holatini tekshirishni tavsiya etiladi – podshipniklar holatini, uning bazaga o'rnatilgani, aylanish paytida qo'zg'almas qismlar va rotor orasida mutanosib bo'lmagan vazifalarning bo'lmasligini ta'minlang va hokazo.
Vibratsiya o'lchagich rejimida o'lchangan qiymatlarning barqarorligiga ham e'tibor berishingiz kerak - o'lchash jarayonida tebranishning amplitudasi va fazasi 10-15% dan ortiq o'zgarmasligi kerak. Aks holda, mexanizm rezonansga yaqin domenda ishlaydi deb taxmin qilish mumkin. Bunday holda, rotorning aylanish tezligini o'zgartiring va agar buning iloji bo'lmasa - mashinani poydevorga o'rnatish shartlarini o'zgartiring (masalan, bahor tayanchlariga vaqtincha o'rnatish).
Rotorni muvozanatlashtirish uchun ta'sir koeffitsientlari usuli muvozanatlashtirish (3-haraka usuli) ishlatilishi kerak.
Sinov massasining tebranish o'zgarishiga, massa va tuzatish og'irliklarini o'rnatish joyiga (burchakka) ta'sirini aniqlash uchun sinov sinovlari amalga oshiriladi.
Avval mexanizmning asl tebranishini aniqlang (birinchi og'irliksiz ishga tushirish), so'ngra sinov vaznini birinchi tekislikka o'rnating va ikkinchi ishga tushiring. Keyin, birinchi tekislikdan sinov vaznini olib tashlang, ikkinchi tekislikka o'rnating va ikkinchi ishga tushiring.
Keyin dastur hisoblab chiqadi va ekranda tuzatish og'irliklarini o'rnatishning og'irligi va joylashishini (burchagi) ko'rsatadi.
Yagona tekislikda (statik) muvozanatlashda ikkinchi boshlash talab qilinmaydi.
Sinov og'irligi rotorning o'zboshimchalik bilan qulay bo'lgan joyiga o'rnatiladi va keyin haqiqiy radius sozlash dasturiga kiritiladi.
(Joylashuv radiusi faqat gramm * mmdagi muvozanat miqdorini hisoblash uchun ishlatiladi)
Muhim!
- O'lchovlar mexanizmning doimiy aylanish tezligi bilan amalga oshirilishi kerak!
- Tuzatish og'irliklari sinov og'irliklari bilan bir xil radiusda o'rnatilishi kerak!
Sinov og'irligining massasi shunday tanlanadiki, uni o'rnatish bosqichidan keyin (> 20-30 °) va (20-30%) tebranish amplitudasi sezilarli darajada o'zgaradi. Agar o'zgarishlar juda kichik bo'lsa, keyingi hisob-kitoblarda xatolik sezilarli darajada oshadi. Sinov massasini faza belgisi bilan bir joyda (bir xil burchakda) qulay tarzda o'rnating.
Sinov Og'irligini Hisoblash Formulasi
Mt = Mr × Ksupport × Kvibration / (Rt × (N/100)²)
Where:
- Mt - sinov og'irligi massasi, g
- Mr - rotor massasi, g
- Ksupport - tayanch qattiqlik koeffitsienti (1-5)
- Kvibration - tebranish darajasi koeffitsienti (0,5-2,5)
- Rt - sinov og'irligini o'rnatish radiusi, sm
- N - rotor tezligi, rpm
Qo'llab-quvvatlash qattiqlik koeffitsienti (Ksupport):
- 1.0 - Juda yumshoq tayanchlar (rezina amortizatorlar)
- 2.0-3.0 - O'rtacha qattiqlik (standart podshipniklar)
- 4.0-5.0 - Qattiq tayanchlar (massiv poydevor)
Tebranish darajasi koeffitsienti (Kvibration):
- 0.5 - Kam tebranish (5 mm/s gacha)
- 1.0 - Normal tebranish (5-10 mm/s)
- 1.5 - Yuqori tebranish (10-20 mm/s)
- 2.0 - Juda yuqori tebranish (20-40 mm/s)
- 2.5 - Juda qat'i tebranish (>40 mm/s)
🔗 Bizning onlayn kalkulyatordan foydalaning:
Sinov Og'irligini Hisoblash →⚠️ Important!
Har bir sinovdan so'ng sinov massasi olib tashlanadi! Sinov og'irligini o'rnatish joyidan hisoblangan burchak ostida o'rnatilgan tuzatish og'irliklari rotorning aylanish yo'nalishi bo'yicha!
Burchak Hisoblash Tushuntirishi:
Tuzatish og'irligini o'rnatish burchagi ALWAYS sinov og'irligini o'rnatish nuqtasidan rotor burilish yo'nalishida o'lchanadi.
- Nol Nuqta (0°): Siz sinov og'irligini o'rnatgan to'g'ri joyni o'zingizning ishoraviy nuqtasi (0 gradus) bo'ladi.
- Direction: Burchakni rotor aylanishi bilan bir xil yo'nalishda o'lchang.
Misol: Agar rotor soat strelkasi yo'nalishida aylansa, sinov og'irligining holatidan soat strelkasi yo'nalishida burchakni o'lchang. - Interpretation: Agar dastur burchakni ko'rsatsa 120°, siz tuzatish og'irligini o'rnatishingiz kerak sinov og'irligining holatidan aylanish yo'nalishida 120 gradus oldinda aylanish yo'nalishida.
Fig. 7.11. Correction weight mounting.
Recommended!
Dinamik muvozanatni amalga oshirishdan oldin, statik muvozanat juda yuqori emasligiga ishonch hosil qilish tavsiya etiladi. Gorizontal o'qi bo'lgan rotorlar uchun rotorni qo'lda joriy holatidan 90 daraja burchak bilan aylantirish mumkin. Agar rotor statik jihatdan muvozanatsiz bo'lsa, u muvozanat holatiga aylanadi. Rotor muvozanat holatini egallagandan so'ng, rotor uzunligining o'rta qismida yuqori nuqtada og'irlik muvozanatini o'rnatish kerak. Og'irlikning og'irligi rotor hech qanday holatda harakatlanmaydigan tarzda tanlanishi kerak.
Bunday oldindan balanslash kuchli muvozanatsiz rotorning birinchi boshlanishida tebranish miqdorini kamaytiradi.
Sensor o'rnatish va joylashtirish
Vibratsiya sensori tanlangan o'lchov nuqtasida mashinaga o'rnatilishi va USB interfeys birligining X1 kirishiga ulangan bo'lishi kerak.
Ikkita montaj konfiguratsiyasi mavjud:
- Magnets
- Tishli tirgaklar M4
Optik tacho sensori USB interfeys blokining X3 kirishiga ulangan bo'lishi kerak. Bundan tashqari, ushbu sensordan foydalanish uchun rotor yuzasiga maxsus aks ettiruvchi belgi qo'llanilishi kerak.
📏 Optik Sensorni O'rnatish Talablari
- ✓Rotorning sirtisigacha masofa: 50-500 mm (sensor modeliga qarab)
- ✓Reflektiv lentaning kenglik: Minimal 1-1,5 sm (tezlik va radiusga bog'liq)
- ✓Orientation: Rotor sirtiga perpendikulyar
- ✓Mounting: Barqaror joylashtirish uchun magnit stenddan yoki stisnagichdan foydalaning
- ✓To'g'ri quyosh nurini sensorga/lentaga ishlatmasdan saqlanadi yoki yorug' sun'iy yoritgich
💡 Lenta kenglikni hisoblash: Optimal ishlash uchun lenta kengligini quyidagi yordamida hisoblang:
L ≥ (N × R)/30000 ≥ 1.0-1.5 cm
Qayerda: L - lenta kenglik (sm), N - rotor tezligi (rpm), R - lenta radiusi (sm)
Datchiklarni tanlash va balanslashda ularni ob'ektga ulash bo'yicha batafsil talablar 1-ilovada keltirilgan.
7.4 Bir tekislikli balansirash
Rasm 7.12. “Bir tekislikda balanslashtirish”
Balanslash Arkhivi
Dasturda «Yagona tekislikdagi balanslash» rejimida ishlashni boshlash uchun «F2 - bitta tekislik» tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F2 tugmasini bosing).
Keyin «F7 - Balanslash» tugmasini bosing, shundan so'ng Yagona tekislik balansi arxivi balanslash ma'lumotlari saqlanadigan oyna paydo bo'ladi (7.13-rasmga qarang).
7.13-rasm Balanslash arxivini bitta tekislikda tanlash oynasi.
Ushbu oynada siz rotor nomi haqida ma'lumotlarni kiritishingiz kerak (Rotor nomi), rotorni o'rnatish joyi (Joy), tebranish va qoldiq nomutanosiblik uchun bardoshlik (Tolerantlik), o'lchov sanasi. Ushbu ma'lumotlar ma'lumotlar bazasida saqlanadi. Shuningdek, Arc### papkasi yaratiladi, bu erda ### - diagrammalar, hisobot fayli va boshqalar saqlanadigan arxiv raqami. Balanslash tugallangandan so'ng, o'rnatilgan muharrirda tahrirlanishi va chop etilishi mumkin bo'lgan hisobot fayli yaratiladi.
Kerakli ma'lumotlarni kiritgandan so'ng, "bosishingiz kerak.F10-OK» tugmasini bosing, shundan so'ng «Yagona tekislikdagi balanslash» oynasi ochiladi (7.13-rasmga qarang)
Balans sozlamalari (1 tekislik)
7.14-rasm. Yagona samolyot. Balans sozlamalari
Ushbu oynaning chap tomonida tebranish o'lchovlarining ma'lumotlari va o'lchov boshqarish tugmalari «Run # 0", "# 1 ni ishga tushiring", "RunTrim".
Ushbu oynaning o'ng tomonida uchta yorliq mavjud
- Balancing settings
- Grafikalar
- Result
The "Balancing settings» varaqasi balanslash sozlamalarini kiritish uchun ishlatiladi:
- «Ta'sir koeffitsiyenti» -
- "Yangi rotor” – yangi rotorning balansini tanlash, buning uchun saqlangan balanslash koeffitsientlari yo'q va tuzatish og'irligining massasi va o'rnatish burchagini aniqlash uchun ikkita yugurish talab qilinadi.
- "Saved coeff.” – rotorni qayta balanslashni tanlash, buning uchun muvozanatlash koeffitsientlari saqlangan va tuzatuvchi og'irlikning og'irligi va o'rnatish burchagini aniqlash uchun faqat bitta yugurish kerak bo'ladi.
- «Sinov o'zg'alishining massasi» -
- "Percent» - tuzatish o'zg'alishi sinov o'zg'alishining foiziga asosan hisoblanadi.
- "Gram» - sinov o'zg'alishining ma'lum massasi kiritiladi va tuzatish o'zg'alishining massasi grams yoki ichida oz Imperator tizimi uchun.
⚠️ Attention! Agar «Saved coeff.” Dastlabki balanslash vaqtida keyingi ish uchun rejim, sinov vazni massasi % da emas, gramm yoki ozda kiritilishi kerak. Tarozilar yetkazib berish paketiga kiritilgan.
- «O'zg'alish qo'yish usuli»
- "Free position» - o'zg'alishlar rotor aylanasining ixtiyoriy burchak joylashuvlarida o'rnatilishi mumkin.
- "Fixed position” – weight can be installed in fixed angular positions on the rotor, for example, on blades or holes (for example 12 holes – 30 degrees), etc. The number of fixed positions must be entered in the appropriate field. After balancing, the program will automatically split the weight into two parts and indicate the number of positions on which it is necessary to establish the masses obtained.
- "Circular groove» – shnur g'ildiraklarini balanslash uchun ishlatiladi. Bu holda noqulayliklani yo'qotish uchun 3 ta vazn-protivovedus ishlatiladi
7.17-rasm 3 ta qarama-qarshi og'irlik bilan silliqlash g'ildiragini muvozanatlash
7.18-rasm silliqlash g'ildiragini muvozanatlash. Polar grafik.
7.15-rasm. Natija yorlig'i. Tuzatish og'irligini o'rnatishning sobit pozitsiyasi.
Z1 va Z2 – Z1 joylashuviga asosan aylanish yo'nalishi bo'yicha hisoblangan o'rnatilgan tuzatish o'zg'alishlari joylashuvi. Z1 sinov o'zg'alishi o'rnatilgan joylashuvdir.
7.16-rasm Ruxsat etilgan pozitsiyalar. Polar diagramma.
- "Mass mount radius, mm» - «Tekislik1» - 1-tekislikda sinov o'zg'alishining radiusi. Balanslashdan keyin qolgan noqulaylik uchun toleransni bajarilishini aniqlash uchun boshlang'ich va qolgan noqulaylik miqdorini hisoblash zarur.
- "Sinov vaznini Plane1da qoldiring.” Odatda sinov vazni muvozanatlash jarayonida olib tashlanadi. Ammo ba'zi hollarda uni olib tashlashning iloji yo'q, keyin hisob-kitoblarda sinov vazni massasini hisobga olish uchun bunda tasdiq belgisini qo'yish kerak.
- "Ma'lumotlarni qo'lda kiritish” – oynaning chap tomonidagi tegishli maydonlarga tebranish qiymati va fazasini qo‘lda kiritish va “” ga o‘tishda tuzatish vaznining massasi va o‘rnatish burchagini hisoblash uchun ishlatiladi.Results" tab
- Button "Seans ma'lumotlarini tiklash“. Balanslash vaqtida o'lchangan ma'lumotlar session1.ini faylida saqlanadi. Agar o'lchov jarayoni kompyuterning muzlashi yoki boshqa sabablarga ko'ra to'xtatilgan bo'lsa, ushbu tugmani bosish orqali siz o'lchov ma'lumotlarini tiklashingiz va uzilish vaqtidan boshlab muvozanatni davom ettirishingiz mumkin.
- Mandrel eccentricity elimination (Index balancing) Mandraning eksantrikligining ta'sirini bartaraf etish uchun qo'shimcha boshlash bilan muvozanatlash (balanslash arbor). Rotorni navbat bilan 0 ° va 180 ° ga o'rnating. Ikkala holatda ham nomutanosiblikni o'lchang.
- Balancing tolerance Gx mm (G-sinflar) da qoldiq nomutanosiblik tolerantliklarini kiritish yoki hisoblash
- Use Polar Graph Use polar graph to display balancing results
1 tekislikli balanslash. Yangi rotor
Yuqorida qayd qilinganidek, "Yangi rotor" balanslash uchun ikkita sinov o'tkazish va balanshlash mashinasining hech bo'lmaganda bitta kesish o'tkazish kerak.
Run#0 (Dastlabki ishga tushirish)
Datchiklarni muvozanatlash rotoriga o'rnatgandan so'ng va sozlamalar parametrlarini kiritgandan so'ng, rotorning aylanishini yoqish kerak va u ish tezligiga etganida "" tugmasini bosing.Run#0" tugmasini bosing o'lchovlarni boshlash uchun. "" varaqi o'ng panelda ochiladi, bu yerda tebranish to'lqini shakli va spektri ko'rsatiladi.Grafikalar" varaqi o'ng panelda ochiladi, bu yerda tebranish to'lqini shakli va spektri ko'rsatiladi. Varaqi pastki qismida vaqt ma'lumotlari bilan saqlangan barcha boshlash natijalarini o'z ichiga olgan tarix fayli saqlanadi. Diskda bu fayl memo.txt nomi bilan arxiv papkasida saqlanadi
Attention!
O'lchovni boshlashdan oldin, balans mashinasining rotorining aylanishini yoqish kerak (Run#0) va rotor tezligi barqaror ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling.
7.19-rasm. Bir tekislikda muvozanatlash. Dastlabki ishga tushirish (Run#0). Grafiklar yorlig'i
O'lchov jarayoni tugagandan so'ng, ichida Run#0 qismda o'lchovning natijalaridagi ko'rinish paydo bo'ladi - rotor tezligi (RPM), RMS (Vo1) va 1x tebranishning fazasi (F1).
The "F5 - Run#0 ga qaytish” tugmasi (yoki F5 funktsiya tugmasi) Run#0 bo'limiga qaytish va kerak bo'lganda tebranish parametrlarini takrorlash uchun ishlatiladi.
Run#1 (sinov massasi tekisligi 1)
Tebranish parametrlarini o'lchashni boshlashdan oldin qismda "Run#1 (sinov massasi tekisligi 1), sinov ogirligi o'rnatilishi kerak "Trial weight mass" field.
Sinov og'irligini o'rnatishdan maqsad ma'lum joyga (burchakka) ma'lum og'irlik o'rnatilganda rotorning tebranishi qanday o'zgarishini baholashdir. Sinov og'irligi tebranish amplitudasini boshlang'ich amplitudadan 30% past yoki yuqoriroq yoki fazani dastlabki fazadan 30 daraja yoki undan ko'proqqa o'zgartirishi kerak.
Agar «Saved coeff.” keyingi ish uchun muvozanatlash, sinov vaznini o'rnatish joyi (burchagi) aks ettiruvchi belgining joyi (burchak) bilan bir xil bo'lishi kerak.
Balanslash mashinasining rotorining aylanishini yana yoqing va uning aylanish chastotasi barqaror ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling. Keyin "ni bosingF7-Run#1" tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F7 tugmasini bosing).
O'lchashdan so'ng "" qismi oynalarida rotor tezligi (RPM) o'lchovining natijalari, shuningdek RMS komponenti (Vо1) va 1x tebranishning fazasi (F1) qiymati paydo bo'ladi.Run#1 (sinov massasi tekisligi 1)" qismi oynalarida rotor tezligi (RPM) o'lchovining natijalari, shuningdek RMS komponenti (Vо1) va 1x tebranishning fazasi (F1) qiymati paydo bo'ladi.
Shu bilan birga, "Result" varaqi oynaning o'ng tomonida ochiladi.
Ushbu yorliqda muvozanatni qoplash uchun rotorga o'rnatilishi kerak bo'lgan tuzatuvchi og'irlikning massasi va burchagini hisoblash natijalari ko'rsatilgan.
Bundan tashqari, qutbli koordinatalar tizimidan foydalanilganda, displeyda tuzatish og'irligining massa qiymati (M1) va o'rnatish burchagi (f1) ko'rsatiladi.
Agar "Fixed positions” pozitsiyalari raqamlari (Zi, Zj) va sinov vazniga bo'lingan massa ko'rsatiladi.
7.20-rasm. Bir tekislikda muvozanatlash. Run#1 va muvozanatlash natijasi.
If Polar grafik tekshirilsa, qutb diagrammasi ko'rsatiladi.
Fig. 7.21. The result of balancing. Polar graph.
7.22-rasm. Muvozanatning natijasi. Og'irlik bo'lingan (qat'iy pozitsiyalar)
Also if "Polar grafik" belgilanagan bo'lsa, Qutbiy grafik ko'rsatiladi.
Fig. 7.23. Weight splitted on fixed positions. Polar graph
⚠️ Attention!
- 1. Ikkinchi yugurishda o'lchash jarayonini tugatgandan so'ng ("Run#1 (sinov massasi tekisligi 1)”) balanslash mashinasida aylanishni to'xtatish va o'rnatilgan sinov vaznini olib tashlash kerak. Keyin natijalar yorlig'i ma'lumotlariga ko'ra rotorga tuzatuvchi og'irlikni o'rnating (yoki olib tashlang).
Agar sinov vazni olib tashlanmagan bo'lsa, siz "ga o'tishingiz kerak.Balancing settings" varaqi va "" da checkboxni yoqing.Sinov vaznini Plane1da qoldiring". Keyin "" gaqa qaytib o'ting.Result” yorlig‘i. Tuzatish vaznining og'irligi va o'rnatish burchagi avtomatik ravishda qayta hisoblab chiqiladi.
- Korrigiruvchi ogirlikning burchak holati sinov ogirligining o'rnatilish joyidan bajariladi. Burchakning mos keladigan yo'nalishi rotor aylanishning yo'nalishiga mos keladi.
- Agar "Fixed position" - the 1st position (Z1), coincides with the place of installation of the trial weight. The counting direction of the position number is in the direction of rotation of the rotor.
- Sukut bo'yicha korrigiruvchi ogirligi rotoriga qo'shiladi. Buni "" dagi belgilangan etiketka ko'rsatadi.Add" maydonida. Agar ogirlikni olib tashlashmoqchi bo'lsangiz (masalan, urchitish orqali), "" da belgi o'rnatishingiz kerak.Delete” field, after which the angular position of the correction weight will automatically change by 180º.
Operatsion oynasida balanslash rotoriga tuzatish vaznini o'rnatgandan so'ng (7.15-rasmga qarang) RunC (qirqish) ni amalga oshirish va bajarilgan balanslashning samaradorligini baholash kerak.
RunC (balans sifatini tekshirish)
⚠️ Attention! O'lchovni boshlashdan oldin RunC, mashinaning rotorining aylanishini yoqish va uning ish rejimiga (barqaror aylanish chastotasi) kirganligiga ishonch hosil qilish kerak.
Tebranish o'lchovini bajarish uchun ""RunC (balans sifatini tekshirish)" bo'limi, "" tugmasini bosingF7 – RunTrim" tugmasi (yoki klaviaturada F7 tugmasini bosing).
O'lchash jarayoni muvaffaqiyatli yakunlanganidan so'ng, "" bo'limidaRunC (balans sifatini tekshirish)" rotor tezligini o'lchash natijalari (RPM), shuningdek 1x vibratsiyaning RMS komponenti (Vo1) va fazasi (F1) qiymatlari paydo bo'ladi.
In the "Result” yorlig'ida qo'shimcha tuzatuvchi og'irlikning massasi va o'rnatish burchagini hisoblash natijalari ko'rsatiladi.
7.24-rasm. Bir tekislikda muvozanatlash. RunTrimni bajarish. Natija yorlig'i
Ushbu og'irlik qoldiq muvozanatni qoplash uchun rotorga allaqachon o'rnatilgan tuzatish og'irligiga qo'shilishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, balanslashdan so'ng erishilgan qoldiq rotor muvozanati ushbu oynaning pastki qismida ko'rsatiladi.
Balanslangan rotorning qoldiq tebranishlari va / yoki qoldiq muvozanatining miqdori texnik hujjatlarda belgilangan bardoshlik talablariga javob beradigan bo'lsa, balanslash jarayoni tugallanishi mumkin.
Otherwise, the balancing process may continue. This allows the method of successive approximations to correct possible errors that may occur during the installation (removal) of the corrective weight on a balanced rotor.
Balanslash rotorida balanslash jarayonini davom ettirayotganda, parametrlari "bo'limda ko'rsatilgan qo'shimcha tuzatuvchi massani o'rnatish (olib tashlash) kerak.Tuzatish massalari va burchaklar".
Ta'sir koeffitsientlari (1-tekislik)
The "F4-Inf.Coeff" tugmasi ""Result" varag'i kalibratsiya jariyanlarining natijalari asosida hisoblangan rotor balansirlash koeffitsientlarini (Ta'sir koeffitsientlari) ko'rish va kompyuter xotirasida saqlash uchun ishlatiladi.
Bu bosilganda, "" oynasi kompyuter displeyida paydo bo'ladi, unda kalibratsiya (sinov) jariyanlarining natijalari asosida hisoblangan balansirlash koeffitsientlari ko'rsatiladi. Agar bu mashinaning keyingi balansirlashida "Ta'sir koeffitsientlari (bitta tekislik)" dan foydalanish rejalashtirilgan bo'lsa, ""Saved coeff.“Rejim, bu koeffitsientlar kompyuter xotirasida saqlanishi kerak.
Buning uchun "" tugmasini bosing va "" ning ikkinchi sahifasiga o'tingF9 - Save" tugmasini bosing va "" ning ikkinchi sahifasiga o'tingTa'sir koeffitsientlari arxivi. Bir tekislik."
7.25-rasm. 1-tekislikdagi muvozanatlash koeffitsientlari
Keyin siz ushbu mashina nomini "" qatoriga kiritishingiz kerak.Rotor" ustuni va "" tugmasini bosingF2 - SaqlashBelgilangan ma'lumotlarni kompyuterda saqlash uchun ” tugmasini bosing.
Shundan so'ng, "bosish orqali oldingi oynaga qaytishingiz mumkin.F10 - Chiqish" tugmasi (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F10 funksion tugmasi).
7.26-rasm. "Ta'sir koeffitsientlari arxivi. Bir tekislik."
Balans hisoboti
Saqlangan barcha ma'lumotlarni muvozanatlashdan so'ng va balanslash hisoboti yaratildi. Siz o'rnatilgan muharrirda hisobotni ko'rishingiz va tahrirlashingiz mumkin. In "Bir tekislik balans arxivi" (7.9-rasm) "" tugmasini bosingF9 - Hisobot" balansirlash hisobot redaktoriga kirish uchun.
7.27-rasm. Balansirlash hisoboti.
Saqlangan koeffitsient. 1 tekislikda saqlangan ta'sir koeffitsientlari bilan muvozanatlash tartibi.
Setting up the measuring system (input of initial data).
Saved coeff. balancing balanslash koeffitsientlari allaqachon aniqlangan va kompyuter xotirasiga kiritilgan mashinada bajarilishi mumkin.
⚠️ Attention! Saqlangan koeffitsientlar bilan muvozanatlashda tebranish sensori va faza burchagi sensori dastlabki balanslash paytida bo'lgani kabi o'rnatilishi kerak.
uchun dastlabki ma'lumotlarni kiritish Saved coeff. balancing (boshlang'ich "" shuningdek) balansirlash boshlanadi ""New rotor" (dastlabki """ balansirlash singari) boshlanadi \""Yagona tekislik balansi. Balans sozlamalari.".
Bu holatda, "Influence coefficients" bo'limida "menyu elementini tanlang. Bu holatda, "Saqlangan koeffitsient" oynasining ikkinchi sahifasi saqlanib bo'lgan balanslash koeffitsientlari arxivini o'z ichiga oladi.Ta'sir koeffitsienti. Arxiv. Yagona samolyot.", saqlanib bo'lgan balanslash koeffitsientlarining arxivini o'z ichiga oladi.
7.28-rasm. 1 tekislikda saqlangan ta'sir koeffitsientlari bilan muvozanatlash
Bu arxivning jadvalida "►" yoki "◄" boshqarish tugmalaridan foydalanib harakat qilsangiz, biz uchun foydali bo'lgan mashinaning balanslash koeffitsientlari bo'lgan kerakli yozuvni tanlashingiz mumkin. Keyin, ushbu ma'lumotlarni joriy o'lchovlarda ishlatish uchun "F2 - tanlang" button.
After that, the contents of all other windows of the “Yagona tekislik balansi. Balans sozlamalari." avtomatik ravishda to'ldirilib bo'ladi.
Dastlabki ma'lumotlarni kiritishni tugatgandan so'ng, siz o'lchashni boshlashingiz mumkin.
Saqlanib bo'lgan ta'sir koeffitsientlari bilan balanslash paytida o'lchovlar olib borilishi
Saqlangan ta'sir koeffitsientlari bilan muvozanatlash uchun balanslash mashinasining faqat bir dastlabki ishlashi va kamida bitta sinov ishini talab qiladi.
⚠️ Attention! O'lchovni boshlashdan oldin, rotorning aylanishini yoqish va aylanish chastotasining barqaror ekanligiga ishonch hosil qilish kerak.
Vibratsiya parametrlari o'lchovini "" bo'limida olib borish uchun "Run#0 (Boshlang'ich, sinov massasi yo'q)" tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturadasidagi F7 tugmasini bosing).F7 – Run#0" (yoki kompyuter klaviaturadasidagi F7 tugmasini bosing).
7.29-rasm. Bir tekislikda saqlangan ta'sir koeffitsientlari bilan muvozanatlash. Bir yugurishdan keyin natijalar.
"" bo'limining tegishli maydonlarida rotor tezligi (RPM) o'lchovining natijalari, 1x vibratsiyasining RMS komponenti (Vо1) va faza (F1) qiymatlari paydo bo'ladi.Run#0"" bo'limining tegishli maydonlarida rotor tezligi (RPM) o'lchovining natijalari, 1x vibratsiyasining RMS komponenti (Vо1) va faza (F1) qiymatlari paydo bo'ladi.
Shu bilan birga, "ResultUshbu yorliqda muvozanatni qoplash uchun rotorga o'rnatilishi kerak bo'lgan tuzatuvchi og'irlikning massasi va burchagini hisoblash natijalari ko'rsatilgan.
Bunga qo'shimcha ravishda, qutb koordinatalari tizimidan foydalanilgan holda, ekranda tuzatish og'irliklarining massa qiymatlari va o'rnatilish burchaklari ko'rsatiladi.
Ruxsat etilgan pozitsiyalarda tuzatuvchi og'irlik bo'lingan taqdirda, muvozanat rotorining pozitsiyalari raqamlari va ularga o'rnatilishi kerak bo'lgan og'irlik massasi ko'rsatiladi.
Bundan tashqari, balanslash jarayoni 7.4.2-bo'limda ko'rsatilgan tavsiyalarga muvofiq amalga oshiriladi. birlamchi balanslash uchun.
Mandrel eccentricity elimination (Index balancing)
If during balancing the rotor is installed in a cylindrical mandrel, then the eccentricity of the mandrel may introduce an additional error. To eliminate this error, the rotor should be deployed in the mandrel 180 degrees and carry out an additional start. This is called index balancing.
To carry out index balancing, a special option is provided in the Balanset-1A program. When checked Mandrel eccentricity elimination an additional RunEcc section appears in the balancing window.
7.30-rasm. Indekslarni muvozanatlash uchun ishlaydigan oyna.
Run # 1 (Trial mass Plane 1) ni ishga tushirgandan so'ng, oyna paydo bo'ladi
7.31-rasm. Diqqatni muvozanatlash oynasi indeksi.
After installing the rotor with an 180 turn, Run Ecc must be completed. The program will automatically calculate the true rotor imbalance without affecting the mandrel eccentricity.
7.5 Ikki tekislikli balanslash
Before starting work in the Two plane balancing mode, it is necessary to install vibration sensors on the machine body at the selected measurement points and connect them to the inputs X1 and X2 of the measuring unit, respectively.
An optical phase angle sensor must be connected to input X3 of the measuring unit. In addition, to use this sensor, a reflective tape must be glued onto the accessible rotor surface of the balancing machine.
Detailed requirements for choosing the installation location of sensors and their mounting at the facility during balancing are set out in Appendix 1.
Dasturda "" rejimda ishni Main oynasidan boshlash kerak.Two plane balancing" rejimi dasturning asosiy oynasidan boshlang.
Click on the "F3-Two plane" tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturadasidagi F3 tugmasini bosing).
Further, click on the “F7 – Balancing” button, after which a working window will appear on the computer display (see Fig. 7.13), selection of the archive for saving data when balancing in two p
Fig. 7.32 Two plane balancing archive window.
In this window you need to enter the data of the balanced rotor. After pressing the “F10-OK" tugmasini bosganingizda, balanslash oynasi paydo bo'ladi.
Balancing settings (2-plane)
Fig. 7.33. Balancing in two planes window.
Oynaning o'ng tomonida balanslashdan oldin sozlamalarni kiritish uchun "Balancing settings" tab mavjud.
- Influence coefficients Balancing a new rotor or balancing using stored influence coefficients (balancing coefficients)
- Mandrel eccentricity elimination - Muvozanatka qo'shimcha start qilish mandrel ekstsentrisiteti ta'sirini yo'q qilish uchun
- Weight Attachment Method Installation of corrective weights in an arbitrary place on the circumference of the rotor or in a fixed position. Calculations for drilling when removing the mass.
- "Free position» - o'zg'alishlar rotor aylanasining ixtiyoriy burchak joylashuvlarida o'rnatilishi mumkin.
- "Fixed position” – weight can be installed in fixed angular positions on the rotor, for example, on blades or holes (for example 12 holes – 30 degrees), etc. The number of fixed positions must be entered in the appropriate field. After balancing, the program will automatically split the weight into two parts and indicate the number of positions on which it is necessary to establish the masses obtained.
- Trial weight mass - Trial weight
- Leave trial weight in Plane1 / Plane2 - Muvozanatlashtirishda sinov og'irligi olib tashlash yoki qoldirish.
- Mass mount radius, mm - Sinov va tuzatish og'irliklari o'rnatishning radiusi
- Balancing tolerance Entering or calculating residual imbalance tolerances in g-mm
- Use Polar Graph - Muvozanatlashtirishdagi natijalarni ko'rsatish uchun qutb diagrammasidan foydalanish
- Ma'lumotlarni qo'lda kiritish - Muvozanatlashtirilgan og'irliklari hisoblash uchun qo'lda ma'lumot kiritish
- Restore last session data - Muvozanatlashtirishni davom ettira olmaslik holatida oxirgi sessiya o'lchovlar ma'lumotlarining tiklashini.
2 planes balancing. New rotor
Setting up the measuring system (input of initial data).
Input of the initial data for the New rotor balancing in the "Ikki tekislik muvozanatlasht. Sozlamalar".
Bu holatda, "Influence coefficients" bo'limida "menyu elementini tanlang. Bu holatda, "New rotor" item.
Keyingi qadamda, "Trial weight mass" bo'limida sinov og'irligi massasining o'lchov birligini tanlash kerak - "Gram" or "Percent".
"O'lchov birligi tanlashda "Percent”, all further calculations of the mass of the corrective weight will be performed as a percentage in relation to the mass of the trial weight.
"Tanlashda "Gram” unit of measurement, all further calculations of the mass of the corrective weight will be performed in grams. Then enter in the windows located to the right of the inscription “Gram" rotoriga o'rnatilgan sinov og'irliklari massasi.
⚠️ Attention! Agar «Saved coeff.” Mode for further work during initial balancing, the mass of trial weights must be entered in grams.
Then select "Weight Attachment Method" - "Circum" or "Fixed position".
Agar "Fixed position" ni tanlasangiz, pozitsiyalar sonini kiritishingiz kerak.
Calculation of tolerance for residual imbalance (Balancing tolerance)
Qolgan disbalans uchun tolerans (Muvozanatka tolerans) ISO 1940 Tebranish. Doimiy (qattiq) holatdagi rotorlar uchun muvozanatlashtirishdagi sifat talablari. 1-qism. Muvozanatlashtirishdagi tolerans talablari va tekshirishda tavsiflangan protsedur bo'yicha hisoblanishi mumkin.
Fig. 7.34. Balancing tolerance calculation window
Initial run (Run#0)
Ikki tekisliklarda muvozanatlashtirganda "New rotor” mode, balancing requires three calibration runs and at least one test run of the balancing machine.
Mashinaning birinchi startida tebranish o'lchovlari "Two plane balance" ishchi oynada "Run#0" section.
Rasm 7.35. Boshlang'ich ishlatgandan keyin ikki tekisliklarda muvozanatlashtirilgan o'lchovlar natijalari.
⚠️ Attention! Before starting the measurement, it is necessary to turn on the rotation of the rotor of the balancing machine and make sure that it has entered the operating mode with a stable speed.
To measure vibration parameters in the Run#0 Bo'limda "bosmangF7 – Run#0" tugmasi (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F7 tugmasini bosing)
The results of measuring the rotor speed (RPM), the value RMS (VО1, VО2) and phases (F1, F2) of 1x vibration appearing appear in the corresponding windows of the Run#0 section.
Run#1.Trial mass in Plane1
Muvozanatni o'lchashning "Run#1.Trial mass in Plane1” section, you should stop the rotation of the rotor of the balancing machine and install a trial weight on it, the mass selected in the “Trial weight mass" section.
⚠️ Attention!
- 1. The question of choosing the mass of trial weights and their installation places on the rotor of a balancing machine is discussed in detail in Appendix 1.
- Agar zarur bo'lsa Saved coeff. Mode in future work, the place for installing the trial weight must necessarily coincide with the place for installing the mark used to read the phase angle.
After this, it is necessary to turn on the rotation of the rotor of the balancing machine again and make sure that it has entered the operating mode.
Muvozanatni o'lchashning "Run # 1.Trial mass in Plane1" bo'limi, "" tugmasini bosingF7 – Run#1" tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F7 tugmasini bosing).
O'lchash jarayoni muvaffaqiyatli yakunlangandan keyin, siz o'lchash natijalarining tavsifiga qaytasiz.
Bu holda, "Run#1. Trial mass in Plane1” section, the results of measuring the rotor speed (RPM), as well as the value of the components of the RMS (Vо1, Vо2) and phases (F1, F2) of 1x vibration.
"Jary # 2. Tekis 2da sinash massasi"
Muvozanatni o'lchashning "Run # 2.Trial mass in Plane2" bo'limida vibratsiya parametrlarini o'lchashni boshlashdan oldin quyidagi qadamlarni bajarishingiz kerak:
- muvozanatlovchi mashinaning rotorining aylanishini to'xtating;
- tekis 1 ga o'rnatilgan sinash massasini olib tashlang;
- tekis 2 ga sinash massasini o'rnating, bu "Trial weight mass".
After this, turn on the rotation of the rotor of the balancing machine and make sure that it has entered the operating speed.
Muvozanatni o'lchashning "Run # 2.Trial mass in Plane2" bo'limi, "" tugmasini bosingF7 – Run # 2" tugmasi (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F7 tugmasini bosing). Keyin "Result" tab opens.
In the case of using the Weight Attachment Method" - "Free positions, displey to'g'rilash weightlarning massa qiymatlari (M1, M2) va o'rnatish burchaklari (f1, f2) ni ko'rsatadi.
Fig. 7.36. Results of calculation of corrective weights – free position
Rasm 7.37. Tuzatish og'irliklarini hisoblash natijalari — erkin holat. Polyar diagramma
In the case of using the Weight Attachment Method" – "Fixed positions
Rasm 7.38. To'g'rilash weights hisoblash natijalari – sobit pozitsiya.
Rasm 7.39. To'g'rilash weights hisoblash natijalari – sobit pozitsiya. Qutb diagramma.
Massa o'rnatish usuli" dan foydalanish holatida – "Circular groove"
Rasm 7.40. To'g'rilash weights hisoblash natijalari – Aylanma olukcha.
⚠️ Attention!
- O'lchash jarayoni tugallangandan keyin RUN#2 of the balancing machine, stop the rotation of the rotor and remove the trial weight previously installed. Then you can to install (or remove) corrective weights.
- To'g'ri tuzulmada korrektsion og'irliklarning burchak joylashuvi sinariy og'irligini o'rnatish joyidan rotorin aylanish yo'nalishida hisoblanadi.
- Agar "Fixed position" - the 1st position (Z1), coincides with the place of installation of the trial weight. The counting direction of the position number is in the direction of rotation of the rotor.
- Sukut bo'yicha korrigiruvchi ogirligi rotoriga qo'shiladi. Buni "" dagi belgilangan etiketka ko'rsatadi.Add" maydonida. Agar ogirlikni olib tashlashmoqchi bo'lsangiz (masalan, urchitish orqali), "" da belgi o'rnatishingiz kerak.Delete” field, after which the angular position of the correction weight will automatically change by 180º.
RunC (Trim run)
After installing the correction weight on the balancing rotor it is necessary to carry out a RunC (trim) and evaluate the effectiveness of the performed balancing.
⚠️ Attention! Before starting the measurement at the test run, it is necessary to turn on the rotation of the rotor of the machine and make sure that it has entered the operating
RunTrim (Balanslavchi sifatini tekshirish) bo'limida vibratsiya parametrlarini o'lchash uchun "F7 – RunTrim" tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F7 tugmasini bosing).
The results of measuring the rotor rotation frequency (RPM), as well as the value of the RMS component (Vо1) and phase (F1) of 1x vibration will be shown.
The "Result" varagi ish oynasining o'ng tomonida paydo bo'lib, qo'shimcha korrektsion og'irliklarning parametrlari hisoblash natijalarini ko'rsatadigan o'lchovlar jadvali bo'ladi.
These weights can be added to corrective weights that are already installed on the rotor to compensate for residual imbalance.
In addition, the residual rotor unbalance achieved after balancing is displayed in the lower part of this window.
Balansli rotorin qolgan vibratsiyasi va / yoki qolgan balansimasligi texnik hujjatlarda o'rnatilgan cheksizlik talablarini qondirgan taqdirda, balanslavchi jarayonni yakunlash mumkin.
Otherwise, the balancing process may continue. This allows the method of successive approximations to correct possible errors that may occur during the installation (removal) of the corrective weight on a balanced rotor.
When continuing the balancing process on the balancing rotor, it is necessary to install (remove) additional corrective mass, the parameters of which are indicated in the “Result” window.
In the "Result" oynasida ikkita nazorat tugmasi mavjud - "F4-Inf.Coeff", "F5 – Change correction planes".
Influence coefficients (2 planes)
The "F4-Inf.Coeff" tugmasi (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasidagi F4 funktsiya tugmasi) ikkita kalibrlash startining natijalaridan hisoblangan rotorin balanslavchi koeffitsientlarini kompyuter xotirasida ko'rish va saqlash uchun ishlatiladi.
Bu bosilganda, "" oynasi kompyuter displeyida paydo bo'ladi, unda kalibratsiya (sinov) jariyanlarining natijalari asosida hisoblangan balansirlash koeffitsientlari ko'rsatiladi. Agar bu mashinaning keyingi balansirlashida "Influence coefficients (two planes)" ish oynasi kompyuter displeyida paydo bo'lib, birinchi uchta kalibrlash startining natijalariga asoslangan balanslavchi koeffitsientlar ko'rsatiladi.
Fig. 7.41. Working window with balancing coefficients in 2 planes.
In the future, when balancing of such type of the machine it is supposed, require to use the “Saved coeff." rejimi va kompyuter xotirasida saqlangan balanslavchi koeffitsientlar.
Koeffitsientlarni saqlash uchun "" tugmasini bosing va "F9 – Save" tugmasini bosing va ""ga o'tingInfluence coefficients archive (2planes)" oynalari (7.42-rasmga qarang)
Fig. 7.42. The second page of the working window with balancing coefficients in 2 planes.
Change correction planes
The "F5 – Change correction planes" tugmasi korrektsion tekisliklari joylashuvini o'zgartirish kerak bo'lganda ishlatiladi, korrektsion og'irliklarning massalarini va o'rnatish burchaklarini qayta hisoblash kerak bo'lganda.
This mode is primarily useful when balancing rotors of complex shape (for example, crankshafts).
Ushbu tugmani bosganingizda, ish oynasi "Recalculation of correction weights mass and angle to other correction planes" kompyuter displeyida ko'rsatiladi.
In this working window, you should select one of the 4 possible options by clicking corresponding picture.
The original correction planes (Н1 and Н2) in Fig. 7.29 are marked in green, and new (K1 and K2), for which it recounts, in red.
Then, in the "Calculation data" bo'limiga kirib, so'ralayotgan ma'lumotlarni kiriting, shu jumladan:
- mos korrektsion tekisliklari orasidagi masofa (a, b, c);
- rotoriga korrektsion og'irliklarni o'rnatishning yangi radiuslari (R1 ', R2').
Ma'lumotlarni kiritgandan so'ng, "" tugmasini bosishingiz kerak.F9-calculate"
The calculation results (masses M1, M2 and installation angles of corrective weights f1, f2) are displayed in the corresponding section of this working window (see Fig. 7.42).
7.43-rasm. Korrektsion tekisliklari o'zgartiriladi. Korrektsion massasi va burchagining boshqa korrektsion tekisliklariga qayta hisobi.
Saqlangan koeff. 2 tekislikda balanslavchi
Saved coeff. balancing can be performed on a machine for which balancing coefficients have already been determined and saved in the computer memory.
⚠️ Attention! When re-balancing, the vibration sensors and the phase angle sensor must be installed in the same way as during the initial balancing.
Re-balancing uchun boshlang'ich ma'lumotlarni kiritish "Ikkita tekislikda balansirash. Balansirash sozlamalari".
Bu holatda, "Influence coefficients" bo'limida "menyu elementini tanlang. Bu holatda, "Saved coeff." bandida boshlanadi. Bu holda, "Influence coefficients archive (2planes)" oynasi paydo bo'ladi, unda oldin aniqlangan balansirash koeffitsiyentlari arxivi saqlanadi.
Bu arxivning jadvalida "►" yoki "◄" boshqarish tugmalaridan foydalanib harakat qilsangiz, biz uchun foydali bo'lgan mashinaning balanslash koeffitsientlari bo'lgan kerakli yozuvni tanlashingiz mumkin. Keyin, ushbu ma'lumotlarni joriy o'lchovlarda ishlatish uchun "F2 – OK” button and return to the previous working window.
Fig. 7.44. The second page of the working window with balancing coefficients in 2 planes.
After that, the contents of all other windows of the “Balansirash 2 tekislikda. Manba ma'lumotlari" avtomatik ravishda to'ldiriladi.
Saved coeff. Balancing
"Saved coeff.” balancing requires only one tuning start and at least one test start of the balancing machine.
Vibration measurement at the tuning start (Run # 0") mashininini balanslash natijalari jadvali bilan "Balancing in 2 planes" ishlash oynasida amalga oshiriladi Run # 0 section.
⚠️ Attention! Before starting the measurement, it is necessary to turn on the rotation of the rotor of the balancing machine and make sure that it has entered the operating mode with a stable speed.
To measure vibration parameters in the Run # 0 bo'limda, "F7 – Run#0" tugmasini bosing (yoki kompyuter klaviaturasida F7 tugmasini bosing).
The results of measuring the rotor speed (RPM), as well as the value of the components of the RMS (VО1, VО2) and phases (F1, F2) of the 1x vibration appear in the corresponding fields of the Run # 0 section.
Shu bilan birga, "Result" yorlig'i ochladi, bu rotorni balanslash uchun uning disbalansini qoplash maqsadida o'rnatilishi kerak bo'lgan tuzatish vaznlari parametrlarini hisoblash natijalarini ko'rsatadi.
Bundan tashqari, qutb koordinatalar tizimini ishlatish holatida, displey tuzatish vaznlarining massa qiymatlari va o'rnatish burchaklarini ko'rsatadi.
In the case of decomposition of corrective weights on the blades, the numbers of the blades of the balancing rotor and the mass of weight that need to be installed on them are displayed.
Further, the balancing process is carried out in accordance with the recommendations set out in section 7.6.1.2. for primary balancing.
⚠️ Attention!
- After completion of the measurement process after the second start of the balanced machine stop the rotation of its rotor and remove the previously set trial weight. Only then you can begin to install (or remove) correction weight on the rotor.
- Counting the angular position of the place of adding (or removing) of the correction weight from the rotor is carried out on the installation site of trial weight in the polar coordinate system. Counting direction coincides with the direction of the angle of rotor rotation.
- Rotorning qanotlarida balansirash holatida – balanslangan rotor qanoti, 1-pozitsiya sifatida belgilangan, sinoviy vazn o'rnatilish joyiga to'g'ri keladi. Kompyuter displeyida ko'rsatilgan qanot yo'naltirish yo'nalishi rotorning aylanish yo'nalishida amalga oshiriladi.
- Ushbu dastur versiyasida sukutda tuzatish vazni rotorga qo'shiladi deb faraz qilinadi. "Qo'shish" maydonida o'rnatilgan yorlig'i buni ko'rsatadi. Rotorni vazn o'chirib tuzatish holatida (masalan, eshish orqali) "O'chirish" maydonida yorlig'i o'rnatish kerak, keyin tuzatish vaznning burchak pozitsiyasi avtomatik ravishda 180º ga o'zgaradi.
Mandrel ekssentrisiteti yo'q qilish (Indeks balansirashi) - Ikkita tekislik
If during balancing the rotor is installed in a cylindrical mandrel, then the eccentricity of the mandrel may introduce an additional error. To eliminate this error, the rotor should be deployed in the mandrel 180 degrees and carry out an additional start. This is called index balancing.
To carry out index balancing, a special option is provided in the Balanset-1A program. When checked Mandrel eccentricity elimination an additional RunEcc section appears in the balancing window.
Fig. 7.45. The working window for Index balancing.
After running Run # 2 (Trial mass Plane 2), a window will appear
Fig. 7.46. Attention windows
After installing the rotor with an 180 turn, Run Ecc must be completed. The program will automatically calculate the true rotor imbalance without affecting the mandrel eccentricity.
7.6 Grafiklar rejimi
"Grafiklar" rejimida ishlash Boshlang'ich oynasidan (qarang. Shakl 7.1) "F8 – Grafiklar" bosmasi orqali boshlanadi. Keyin "Ikkita kanalda tashvishlantiring o'lchamlari. Grafiklar" oynasi ochladi (qarang. Shakl 7.19).
Shakl 7.47. Ishlash oynasi "Ikkita kanalda tashvishlantirish o'lchamlari. Grafiklar".
While working in this mode it is possible to plot four versions of vibration chart.
The first version allows to get a timeline function of the overall vibration (of vibration velocity) on the first and second measuring channels.
The second version allows you to get graphs of vibration (of vibration velocity), which occurs on rotation frequency and its higher harmonical components.
These graphs are obtained as a result of the synchronous filtering of the overall vibration time function.
The third version provides vibration charts with the results of the harmonical analysis.
The fourth version allows to get a vibration chart with the results of the spectrum analysis.
Umumiy tashvishlantirish grafiklarni
Umumiy tashvishlantirish grafikni "ishlash oynasida chizish uchunMeasurement of vibration on two channels. Charts" kerakli rejimni tanlash zarur "overall vibration” by clicking the appropriate button. Then set the measurement of vibration in the box “Duration, in seconds,” by clicking on the button «▼» and select from the drop-down list the desired duration of the measurement process, which may be equal to 1, 5, 10, 15 or 20 seconds;
Tayorlik shakida "" tugmasini (bosish)F9-O'lchash" tugmasi bosilsa, ikki kanalda bir vaqtda vibratsiya o'lchash jarayoni boshlanadi.
After completion of the measurement process in the operating window appear charts of time function of the overall vibration of the first (red) and the second (green) channels (see. Fig. 7.47).
On these charts time is plotted on X-axis and the amplitude of the vibration velocity (mm/sec) is plotted on Y-axis.
Rasm. 7.48. Umummiy vibratsiya grafiklari vaqt funksiyasining chiqarish operatsion oynasi
There are also marks (blue-colored) in these graphs connecting charts of overall vibration with the rotation frequency of the rotor. In addition, each mark indicates beginning (end) of the next revolution of the rotor.
In need of the scale change of the chart on X-axis the slider, pointed by an arrow on fig. 7.20, can be used.
1x vibratsiya grafiklarni
Operatsion oynada 1x vibratsiya grafigini chizish uchun ""Measurement of vibration on two channels. Charts" kerakli rejimni tanlash zarur "1x vibration" mos tugmasini bosib.
Keyin "1x vibratsiya" operatsion oynasi paydo bo'ladi.
"" tugmasini (bosish)F9-O'lchash" tugmasi bosilsa, ikki kanalda bir vaqtda vibratsiya o'lchash jarayoni boshlanadi.
Rasm. 7.49. 1x vibratsiya grafiklarini chiqarish operatsion oynasi.
After completion of the measurement process and mathematical calculation of results (synchronous filtering of the time function of the overall vibration) on display in the main window on a period equal to one revolution of the rotor appear charts of the 1x vibration on two channels.
In this case, a chart for the first channel is depicted in red and for the second channel in green. On these charts angle of the rotor revolution is plotted (from mark to mark) on X-axis and the amplitude of the vibration velocity (mm/sec) is plotted on Y-axis.
In addition, in the upper part of the working window (to the right of the button “F9 – Measure") ikki kanalning vibratsiya o'lchashlarining raqamli qiymatlari, "" rejimda oladigan natijalariga o'xshab, ko'rsatiladi.Vibration meter" rejimda ko'rsatiladi.
In particular: RMS value of the overall vibration (V1s, V2s), the magnitude of RMS (V1o, V2o) and phase (Fi, Fj) of the 1x vibration and rotor speed (Nrev).
Garmonik tahlil natijalarini o'z ichiga olgan vibratsiya grafiklarni
Operatsion oynada garmonik tahlil natijalarining grafigini chizish uchun ""Measurement of vibration on two channels. Charts" kerakli rejimni tanlash zarur "Harmonical analysis" mos tugmasini bosib.
Then appears an operating window for simultaneous output of charts of temporary function and of spectrum of vibration harmonical aspects whose period is equal or multiple to the rotor rotation frequency (see Fig. 7.49)
Attention!
When operating in this mode it is necessary to use the phase angle sensor which synchronizes the measurement process with the rotor frequency of the machines to which the sensor is set.
Rasm. 7.50. 1x vibratsiya garmonikalari operatsion oynasi.
Tayorlik shakida "" tugmasini (bosish)F9-O'lchash" tugmasi bosilsa, ikki kanalda bir vaqtda vibratsiya o'lchash jarayoni boshlanadi.
O'lchash jarayoni tugagandan so'ng operatsion oynada vaqt funksiya grafiği (yuqori grafik) va 1x vibratsiya garmonikalari (quyi grafik) paydo bo'ladi.
The number of harmonic components is plotted on X-axis and RMS of the vibration velocity (mm/sec) is plotted on Y-axis.
Vibratsiya vaqt sohasi va spektri grafiklarni
Spektr grafigini chizish uchun "" dan foydalaningF5-Spectrum" tab:
Keyin vibratsiya to'lqini va spektr grafiklarini bir vaqtda chiqarish uchun operatsion oynasi paydo bo'ladi.
Rasm. 7.51. Vibratsiya spektrini chiqarish operatsion oynasi.
Tayorlik shakida "" tugmasini (bosish)F9-O'lchash" tugmasi bosilsa, ikki kanalda bir vaqtda vibratsiya o'lchash jarayoni boshlanadi.
O'lchov jarayoni tugatilgandan so'ng amal oynasida vaqt funksiyasining grafiklarl (yuqori grafik) va tebranish spektri (pastki grafik) paydo bo'ladi.
The vibration frequency is plotted on X-axis and RMS of the vibration velocity (mm/sec) is plotted on Y-axis.
In this case, a chart for the first channel is depicted in red and for the second channel in green.
Qurilmani ishlatish va texnik xizmat ko'rsatish bo'yicha umumiy ko'rsatmalar
8.1 Balanslash Sifati Meyyorlari (ISO 2372 Standarti)
Balanslash sifati ISO 2372 standarti bilan belgilangan tebranish darajalari yordamida baholanishi mumkin. Quyidagi jadval turli mashinalar sinflari uchun qabul qilinadigan tebranish darajalarini ko'rsatadi:
| Machine Class | Good (mm/sec RMS) |
Acceptable (mm/sec RMS) |
Hali ham Qabul Qilinadigan (mm/sec RMS) |
Unacceptable (mm/sec RMS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 Qat'iy asoslar ustidagi kichik mashinalar (15 kVt gacha motorlar) |
< 0.7 | 0.7 - 1.8 | 1.8 - 4.5 | > 4.5 |
| Class 2 Asos bo'lmagan o'rtacha mashinalar (15-75 kVt motorlar), 300 kVt gacha quvvat mexanizmlari |
< 1.1 | 1.1 - 2.8 | 2.8 - 7.1 | > 7.1 |
| Class 3 Qat'iy asoslar ustidagi katta mashinalar (300 kVt dan oshgan qurilmalar) |
< 1.8 | 1.8 - 4.5 | 4.5 - 11 | > 11 |
| Class 4 Yengil asoslar ustidagi katta mashinalar (300 kVt dan oshgan qurilmalar) |
< 2.8 | 2.8 - 7.1 | 7.1 - 18 | > 18 |
Eslatma: Bu qiymatlar balanslash sifatini baholash uchun bo'lajak hisoblanadi. Har doim sizning ilovangiz uchun maxsus qurilma ishlab chiqaruvchi spetsifikatsiyalarini va qo'llanuvchi standartlarni ko'rib chiqing.
8.2 Texnik Xizmatning Talablari
🔧 Muntazam Texnik Xizmat
- ✓Sensorlarning ishlab chiqaruvchi spetsifikatsiyalariga muvofiq muntazam kalibratsiyasi
- ✓Sensorlarni toza saqlang va magnitli chiqindilardan xoli qiling
- ✓Foydalanilmaganda qurilmani zashtitchi qopqoqda saqlang
- ✓Lazer sensorini changdan va namlikdan saqlang
- ✓Kabel ulanishlarini muntazam ravishda yipirtilish yoki shikastlanish uchun tekshiring
- ✓Ishlab chiqaruvchi tomonidan tavsiya qilingan dasturiy ta'minotni yangilang
- ✓Balanslash ma'lumotlarining zaxira nusxasini saqlab qolish
📋 Yevropa Texnik-xizmatini ko'rishining standartlari
Asbob-uskunalarning texnik-xizmati quyidagiga muvofiq bo'lishi kerak:
- EN ISO 9001: Sifat boshqaruvi tizimlarining talablari
- EN 13306: Texnik-xizmatni ko'rish terminologiyasi va ta'riflari
- EN 15341: Texnik-xizmatni ko'rishning asosiy samaradorlik ko'rsatkichlari
- Yevropa mashinalar direktivi bo'yicha muntazam xavfsizlik tekshiruvi
ILOVASIGA 1. ROTOR BALANSINI QOQLASH
Rotor – ma'lum o'q atrofida aylanuvchi va ushbu o'q mahkamki podshipeniklari orqali ma'lum joyda ushlab turiladigan jism. Rotorning podshipnik yuzalari og'irlikni podshipniklar orqali qo'llab-quvvatlash yuzalariga o'tkazadi. "Podshipnik yuzi" atamasi ishlatilganda, biz shunchaki valning jurnali* yoki jurnal bilan almashtiriladigan yuzalarni tushunamiz.
*Jurnal (nemischa "Zapfen" - "jurnal", "pin") - val yoki o'qning podshipnik uchun (podshipnik qotibasi) saqlanib turadigan qismidir.
fig.1 Rotor and centrifugal forces.
In a perfectly balanced rotor, its mass is distributed symmetrically regarding the axis of the rotation. This means that any element of the rotor can correspond to another element located symmetrically in a relation to the axis of the rotation. During rotation, each rotor element acts upon by a centrifugal force directed in the radial direction (perpendicular to the axis of the rotor rotation). In a balanced rotor, the centrifugal force influencing any element of the rotor is balanced by the centrifugal force that influences the symmetrical element. For example, elements 1 and 2 (shown in fig.1 and colored in green) are influenced by centrifugal forces F1 and F2: equal in value and absolutely opposite in directions. This is true for all symmetrical elements of the rotor and thus the total centrifugal force influencing the rotor is equal to 0 the rotor is balanced. But if the symmetry of the rotor is broken (in Figure 1, the asymmetric element is marked in red), then the unbalanced centrifugal force F3 begins to act on the rotor.
Aylanish paytida bu kuch rotorning aylanishi bilan birga yo'nalishini o'zgartiradi. Ushbu kuchdan kelib chiqqan dinamik yuk podshipniklarga uzatiladi, bu ularning tez avariya qilishiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, bu o'zgaruvchan kuch ta'sirida qo'llab-quvvatlash va rotorni mahkam tutgan asos davriy deformatsiyaga uchrasa, bu tebranishni keltirib chiqaradi. Rotorning disbalansini va unga mos keluvchi tebranishni yo'q qilish uchun balans massalarini o'rnatish kerakki, ular rotorning simmetriyasini tiklaydi.
Rotor balancing is an operation to eliminate imbalance by adding balancing masses.
The task of balancing is to find the value and places (angle) of the installation of one or more balancing masses.
Rotor turlari va disbalans
Considering the strength of the rotor material and the magnitude of the centrifugal forces influencing it, the rotors can be divided into two types: rigid and flexible.
Rigid rotors at operating conditions under the influence of centrifugal force may get slightly deformed and the influence of this deformation in the calculations may therefore be neglected.
Deformation of flexible rotors on the other hand should never be neglected. The deformation of flexible rotors complicates the solution for the balancing problem and requires the use of some other mathematical models in comparison with the task of balancing rigid rotors. It is important to mention that the same rotor at low speeds of rotation can behave like rigid one and at high speeds it will behave like flexible one. Further on we will consider the balancing of rigid rotors only.
Disbalans massalarining rotor uzunligi bo'ylab taqsimlanishiga qarab, ikkita disbalans turi - statik va dinamik farqlanadi. Statik va dinamik rotor balansiga ham shunday tegishli.
The static imbalance of the rotor occurs without the rotation of the rotor. In other words, it is quiescent when the rotor is under the influence of gravity and in addition it turns the “heavy point” down. An example of a rotor with the static imbalance is presented in Fig.2
Fig.2
The dynamic imbalance occurs only when the rotor spins.
An example of a rotor with the dynamic imbalance is presented in Fig.3.
Fig.3. Dynamic imbalance of rotor – couple of the centrifugal forces
In this case, imbalanced equal masses M1 and M2 are located in different surfaces – in different places along the length of the rotor. In the static position, i.e. when the rotor does not spin, the rotor may only be influenced by gravity and the masses therefore will balance each other. In dynamics when the rotor is spinning, the masses M1 and M2 start to be influenced by centrifugal forces FЎ1 and FЎ2. These forces are equal in value and are opposite in the direction. However, since they are located in different places along the length of the shaft and are not on the same line, the forces do not compensate each other. The forces of FЎ1 and FЎ2 create a moment impacted to the rotor. That is why this imbalance has another name “momentary”. Accordingly, non-compensated centrifugal forces influence the bearing supports, which can significantly exceed the forces that we relied on and also reduce the service life for the bearings.
Since this type of imbalance occurs only in dynamics during the rotor spinning, thus it is called dynamic. It can not be eliminated in the static balancing (or so called “on the knives”) or in any other similar ways. To eliminate the dynamic imbalance, it is necessary to set two compensating weights that will create a moment equal in value and opposite in direction to the moment arising from the masses of M1 and M2. Compensating masses do not necessarily have to be installed opposite to the masses M1 and M2 and be equal to them in value. The most important thing is that they create a moment that fully compensates right at the moment of imbalance.
Umuman, M1 va M2 massalari bir-biriga teng bo'lmasligi mumkin, shuning uchun statik va dinamik disbalansning kombinatsiyasi bo'ladi. Qattiq rotor uchun uning disbalansini yo'q qilish uchun rotor uzunligi bo'ylab joylashtiriladigan ikkita og'irlikning o'rnatilishi zarur va etarli ekani nazariy jihatdan isbotlangan. Ushbu og'irliklar dinamik disbalansdan kelib chiqqan momentni va rotor o'qiga nisbatan massa assimetriyasidan kelib chiqqan markazdan qachon kuch (statik disbalans) ni kompensatsiya qiladi. Odatda dinamik disbalans uzun rotorlar (vallar) uchun xarakterli bo'lsa, statik - tor rotor uchun xarakterlidir. Lekin, agar tor rotor o'qqa nisbatan egib o'rnatilgan bo'lsa, yoki bundan ham yomonroq, deformatsiyalangan bo'lsa (so'zotgan "g'ildirakka tebranish"), bu holda dinamik disbalansni yo'q qilish qiyin bo'ladi (rasmga qarang. 4), chunki to'g'ri kompensatsiya momentini yaratuvchi tuzatish og'irliklarini o'rnatish qiyin.
Fig.4 Dynamic balancing of the wobbling wheel
Since the narrow rotor shoulder creates a short moment, it may require correcting weights of a large mass. But at the same time there is an additional so-called “induced imbalance” associated with the deformation of the narrow rotor under the influence of centrifugal forces from the correcting masses.
See the example:
" Qattiq rotorlarni balanslashtirish bo'yicha metodologik ko'rsatmalar" ISO 1940-1:2003 Mechanical vibration – Balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid) state – Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances
This is visible for narrow fan wheels, which, in addition to the power imbalance, also influences an aerodynamic imbalance. And it is important to bear in mind that the aerodynamic imbalance, in fact the aerodynamic force, is directly proportional to the angular velocity of the rotor, and to compensate it, the centrifugal force of the correcting mass is used, which is proportional to the square of the angular velocity. Therefore, the balancing effect may only occur at a specific balancing frequency. At other speeds there would be an additional gap. The same can be said about electromagnetic forces in an electromagnetic motor, which are also proportional to the angular velocity. In other words it is impossible to eliminate all causes of vibration of the mechanism by any means of balancing.
Tebranish asoslari
Vibration is a reaction of the mechanism design to the effect of cyclic excitation force. This force can may a different nature.
- Rotorning disbalansidan kelib chiqqan markazdan qachon kuch - "og'ir nuqta" ga ta'sir etuvchi kompensatsiyalangan kuch. Xususan, bu kuch va ham uning keltirib chiqqan tebranish rotor balanslashtirish orqali yo'q qilinadi.
- Interacting forces, that have a “geometric” nature and arise out of errors in the manufacture and installation of mating parts. These forces can occur, for instance, due to the non-roundness of the shaft journal, errors in the tooth profiles in gears, the waviness of the bearing treadmills, misalignment of the mating shafts, etc. in case of non-roundness of the necks, the shaft axis will shift depending on the angle of rotation of the shaft. Although this vibration is manifested at the rotor speed, it is almost impossible to eliminate it with the balancing.
- Aerodynamic forces arising from the rotation of the impeller fans and other blade mechanisms. Hydrodynamic forces arising from the rotation of hydraulic pump impellers, turbines, etc.
- Elektr mashinalarining ishlashi natijasida kelib chiqqan elektromagnit kuchlar, masalan, rotor saralmalarining assimetriyasi, qisqa tutilgan burunlar mavjudligi va h.k.z. ta'sirida
The magnitude of vibration (for example, its amplitude AB) depends not only on the magnitude of the excitation force Fт acting on the mechanism with the circular frequency ω, but also on the stiffness k of the structure of the mechanism, its mass m, and damping coefficient C.
Various types of sensors can be used to measure vibration and balance mechanisms, including:
- absolute vibration sensors designed to measure vibration acceleration (accelerometers) and vibration velocity sensors;
- nisbiy tebranish sensorlari qichiq-oqim yoki emkoslikli, tebranishni o'lchash uchun mo'ljallangan.
In some cases (when the structure of the mechanism allows it) sensors of force can also be used to examine its vibration weight.
Particularly, they are widely used to measure the vibration weight of the supports of hardbearing balancing machines.
Therefore vibration is the reaction of the mechanism to the influence of external forces. The amount of vibration depends not only on the magnitude of the force acting on the mechanism, but also on the rigidity of the mechanism. Two forces with the same magnitude can lead to different vibrations. In mechanisms with a rigid support structure, even with the small vibration, the bearing units can be significantly influenced by dynamic weights. Therefore, when balancing mechanisms with stiff legs apply the force sensors, and vibration (vibro accelerometers). Vibration sensors are only used on mechanisms with relatively pliable supports, right when the action of unbalanced centrifugal forces leads to a noticeable deformation of the supports and vibration. Force sensors are used in rigid supports even when significant forces arising from imbalance do not lead to significant vibration.
Tuzilishning rezonanssi
We have previously mentioned that rotors are divided into rigid and flexible. The rigidity or flexibility of the rotor should not be confused with the stiffness or mobility of the supports (foundation) on which the rotor is located. The rotor is considered rigid when its deformation (bending) under the action of centrifugal forces can be neglected. The deformation of the flexible rotor is relatively large: it cannot be neglected.
Ushbu maqolada biz faqat qattiq rotorlarni balansirashini o'rganamiz. Qattiq (deformabelsiz) rotor o'z navbatida qattiq yoki harakatchan (egarlik, elastik) qo'llab-quvvatlovchilarda joylashgan bo'lishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, qo'llab-quvvatlovchilarning bu qattiqligi/harakatchanligi suhrati rotorning aylanish tezligi va oqibada kelib chiqadigan sentrifugal kuchlarning kattaligiga bog'liq. Shartli chegara rotorning qo'llab-quvvatlovchilari/asosining erkin tebranishlarining chastotasidir. Mexanik sistemalar uchun erkin tebranishlarning shakli va chastotasi mexanik sistem elementlarining massasi va elastikligiga qarab aniqlanadi. Ya'ni, tabiiy tebranishlarning chastotasi mexanik sistemaning ichki xususiyati bo'lib, tashqi kuchlardan bog'liq emas. Muvozanat holatidan chetga otsagandan keyin, qo'llab-quvvatlovchilar elastiklik tufayli muvozanat holatiga qaytishga intiladi. Ammo masiv rotorning inertiyasi tufayli bu jarayon so'ndirilgan tebranishlar xususiyatiga ega. Bu tebranishlar rotor-qo'llab-quvvatlovchi sistemaning o'z tebranishlaridir. Ularning chastotasi rotor massasining qo'llab-quvvatlovchilarning elastikligiga nisbatiga bog'liq.
When the rotor begins to rotate and the frequency of its rotation approaches the frequency of its own oscillations, the vibration amplitude increases sharply, which can even lead to the destruction of the structure.
There is a phenomenon of mechanical resonance. In the resonance region, a change in the speed of rotation by 100 rpm can lead to an increase in a vibration tenfold. In this case (in the resonance region) the vibration phase changes by 180°.
Mexanizmning konstrukciyasi noto'g'ri loyihalashtirilib, rotorning ishlash tezligi tebranishlarning tabiiy chastotasiga yaqin bo'lsa, mehanik shakllashuvni qabul qilib bo'lmaydigan darajadagi vibrasiyaning tufayli mexanizm ishlashi mumkin bo'lmay qoladi. Standart balansirash usullari ham mumkin bo'lmaydi, chunki rotorning aylanish tezligi ozgina o'zgarsa ham parametrlar keskin o'zgaradi. Resonans balansirashining sohalarida maxsus usullar qo'llaniladi, ammo ularni ushbu maqolada yaxshi tavsiflanmagan. Mexanizmning tabiiy tebranishlarining chastotasini chuqurlashtirilgan holatda (rotor to'xtatilganda) yoki sistema javobining spektral tahlili bilan jiddiy ta'sirlash orqali aniqlashingiz mumkin. "Balanset-1" bu usullar orqali mexanik tuzilmalarning tabiiy chastotalarini aniqlash imkoniyatini ta'minlaydi.
For mechanisms whose operating speed is higher than the resonance frequency, that is, operating in the resonant mode, supports are considered as mobile ones and vibration sensors are used to measure, mainly vibration accelerometers that measure the acceleration of structural elements. For mechanisms operating in hard bearing mode, supports are considered as rigid. In this case, force sensors are used.
Mexanik sistemaning chiziqli va chiziqsiz modellari
Mathematical models (linear) are used for calculations when balancing rigid rotors. The linearity of the model means that one model is directly proportionally (linearly) dependent on the other. For example, if the uncompensated mass on the rotor is doubled, then the vibration value will be doubled correspondingly. For rigid rotors you can use a linear model because such rotors are not deformed. It is no longer possible to use a linear model for flexible rotors. For a flexible rotor, with an increase of the mass of a heavy point during rotation, an additional deformation will occur, and in addition to the mass, the radius of the heavy point will also increase. Therefore, for a flexible rotor, the vibration will more than double, and the usual calculation methods will not work. Also, a violation of the linearity of the model can lead to a change in the elasticity of the supports at their large deformations, for example, when small deformations of the supports work some structural elements, and when large in the work include other structural elements. Therefore it is impossible to balance the mechanisms that are not fixed at the base, and, for example, are simply established on a floor. With significant vibrations, the unbalance force can detach the mechanism from the floor, thereby significantly changing the stiffness characteristics of the system. The engine legs must be securely fastened, bolted fasteners tightened, the thickness of the washers must provide sufficient rigidity, etc. With broken bearings, a significant displacement of the shaft and its impacts is possible, which will also lead to a violation of linearity and the impossibility of carrying out high-quality balancing.
Methods and devices for balancing
As mentioned above, balancing is the process of combining the main Central axis of inertia with the axis of rotation of the rotor.
The specified process can be executed in two ways.
The first method involves the processing of the rotor axles, which is performed in such a way that the axis passing through the centers of the section of the axles with the main Central axis of inertia of the rotor. This technique is rarely used in practice and will not be discussed in detail in this article.
The second (most common) method involves moving, installing or removing corrective masses on the rotor, which are placed in such a way that the axis of inertia of the rotor is as close as possible to the axis of its rotation.
Moving, adding or removing corrective masses during balancing can be done using a variety of technological operations, including: drilling, milling, surfacing, welding, screwing or unscrewing screws, burning with a laser beam or electron beam, electrolysis, electromagnetic welding, etc.
The balancing process can be performed in two ways:
- balans ostida bo'lgan rotorlarni yig'ish (o'z podshipniklarida);
- balansirash mashinalarida rotorlarni balansirash.
To balance the rotors in their own bearings we usually use specialized balancing devices (kits), which allows us to measure the vibration of the balanced rotor at the speed of its rotation in a vector form, i.e. to measure both the amplitude and phase of vibration.
Currently, these devices are manufactured on the basis of microprocessor technology and (in addition to the measurement and analysis of vibration) provide automated calculation of the parameters of corrective weights that must be installed on the rotor to compensate its imbalance.
These devices include:
- – measuring and computing unit, made on the basis of a computer or industrial controller;
- ikki (yoki undan ko'p) vibrasyon sensori;
- faza burchagi sensori;
- ob'ektda sensorlarni o'rnatish uchun asboblar;
- bir, ikki yoki undan ko'p tuzatish tekisliklarida rotor muvozanatsizligining parametrlarini o'lchashning to'liq tsiklini bajarishga moslashtirilgan ixtisoslashtirilgan dastur.
For balancing rotors on balancing machines in addition to a specialized balancing device (measuring system of the machine) it is required to have an “unwinding mechanism” designed to install the rotor on the supports and ensure its rotation at a fixed speed.
Currently, the most common balancing machines exist in two types:
- rezonanstan yuqori (elastik qo'llab-quvvatlovchilar bilan);
- qattiq podshipnik (qattiq qo'llab-quvvatlovchilar bilan).
Over-resonant machines have a relatively pliable supports, made, for example, on the basis of the flat springs.
The natural oscillation frequency of these supports is usually 2-3 times lower than the speed of the balanced rotor, which is mounted on them.
Vibration sensors (accelerometers, vibration velocity sensors, etc.) are usually used to measure the vibration of the supports of a resonant machine.
In the hardbearing balancing machines are used relatively-rigid supports, natural oscillation frequencies of which should be 2-3 times higher than the speed of the balanced rotor.
Force sensors are usually used to measure the vibration weight on the supports of the machine.
The advantage of the hard bearing balancing machines is that they can be balanced at relatively low rotor speeds (up to 400-500 rpm), which greatly simplifies the design of the machine and its foundation, as well as increases the productivity and safety of balancing.
Balancing technique
Balancing eliminates only the vibration which is caused by the asymmetry of the rotor mass distribution relative to its axis of rotation. Other types of the vibration cannot be eliminated by the balancing!
Balancing is the subject to technically serviceable mechanisms, the design of which ensures the absence of resonances at the operating speed, securely fixed on the foundation, installed in serviceable bearings.
The faulty mechanism is the subject to a repair, and only then – to a balancing. Otherwise, qualitative balancing impossible.
Balancing cannot be a substitute for repair!
The main task of balancing is to find the mass and the place (angle) of installation of compensating weights, which are balanced by centrifugal forces.
As mentioned above, for rigid rotors it is generally necessary and sufficient to install two compensating weights. This will eliminate both the static and dynamic rotor imbalance. A general scheme of the vibration measurement during balancing looks like the following:
fig.5 Dynamic balancing – correction planes and measure points
Vibration sensors are installed on the bearing supports at points 1 and 2. The speed mark is fixed right on the rotor, a reflective tape is glued usually. The speed mark is used by the laser tachometer to determine the speed of the rotor and the phase of the vibration signal.
rasm. 6. Balanset-1 yordamida ikki tekislikda balansirash vaqtida sensorlarni o'rnatish
1,2-vibration sensors, 3-phase, 4- USB measuring unit, 5-laptop
In most cases, dynamic balancing is carried out by the method of three starts. This method is based on the fact that test weights of an already-known mass are installed on the rotor in series in 1 and 2 planes; so the masses and the place of installation of balancing weights are calculated based on the results of changing the vibration parameters.
Og'irlik o'rnatilishi joyiga tuzatish tekisligi deyiladi. Odatda, tuzatish tekisiklari rotor o'rnatilgan podshipnik qo'llab-quvvatlovchilari hududida tanlanadi.
Boshlang'ich vibrasyon birinchi ishga tushirishda o'lchanadi. Keyin, ma'lum massali suv sinov og'irligi rotorga qo'llab-quvvatlovchilardan biriga yaqin o'rnatiladi. Keyin ikkinchi ishga tushirish bajariladi va vibrasyon parametrlarini o'lchaymiz, ular sinov og'irligining o'rnatilishi tufayli o'zgarishi kerak. Keyin sinov og'irligi birinchi tekislikdan olib tashlash va ikkinchi tekislikka o'rnatish. Uchinchi ishga tushirish amalga oshiriladi va vibrasyon parametrlarini o'lchaymiz. Sinov og'irligi olib tashlanganda, dastur avtomatik ravishda balansirash og'irliklarining massasini va o'rnatilish joyini (burchaklarini) hisoblaydi.
Sinov og'irliklarini o'rnatishda nuqta tizimning nomutanosiblik o'zgarishiga qanday javob berishini aniqlashdir. Namuna og'irliklarining massalari va joylashishini bilganimizda, dastur ma'lum nomutanosiblikning kiritilishi tebranish parametrlariga qanday ta'sir qilishini ko'rsatadigan ta'sir koeffitsientlarini hisoblashi mumkin. Ta'sir koeffitsientlari mexanik tizimning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari bo'lib, tayanchlarning qattiqligiga va rotorni qo'llab-quvvatlash tizimining massasiga (inertsiyasiga) bog'liq.
Xuddi shu dizayndagi bir xil turdagi mexanizmlar uchun ta'sir koeffitsientlari o'xshash bo'ladi. Siz ularni kompyuteringiz xotirasiga saqlashingiz va keyin ularni bir xil turdagi mexanizmlarni sinovdan o'tkazmasdan balanslash uchun ishlatishingiz mumkin, bu esa balanslash ishini sezilarli darajada yaxshilaydi. Shuni ham ta'kidlash kerakki, sinov og'irliklarining massasi sinov og'irliklarini o'rnatishda tebranish parametrlari sezilarli darajada farq qilishi uchun tanlanishi kerak. Aks holda, ta'sir koeffitsientlarini hisoblashda xatolik ortadi va muvozanatlash sifati yomonlashadi.
Balanset-1 qurilmasi bo'yicha qo'llanma sinov og'irligining massasini taxa baholash uchun formulani taqdim etadi, bu balans ostida bo'lgan rotorning massasiga va aylanish tezligiga bog'liq. 1-rasmdan ko'rinib turibganidek, sentrifugal kuch radiyal yo'nalishda, ya'ni rotor o'qiga perpendikulyar ravishda ta'sir qiladi. Shuning uchun vibrasyon sensorlari shunday o'rnatilishi kerakki, ularning sezgirlik o'qi ham radiyal yo'nalishda yo'naltirilsin. Odatda, asosning qattiqlig'i gorizontal yo'nalishda kam, shuning uchun gorizontal yo'nalishda vibrasyon yuqori bo'ladi. Shuning uchun sensorlarning sezgirlikini oshirish uchun ularning sezgirlik o'qi gorizontal yo'nalishda yo'naltirilishi kerak. Garchi asosiy farq yo'q bo'lsa ham. Radiyal yo'nalishda vibrasyon qo'shimchasiga, rotor aylanish o'qi bo'ylab aksial yo'nalishda vibrasiyani nazorat qilish kerak. Bu vibrasyon odatda muvozanatsizlik bilan emas, balki boshqa sabablarga, asosan vallarning misalignment va muqladdislik tufayli kelib chiqadi. Bu vibrasyon balansirash bilan yo'q qilinmaydi, bu holda hizalanishi talab etiladi. Amaliyotda, odatda bunday mexanizmlarda rotor muvozanatsizligi va vallarning misalignment'i mavjud bo'lib, bu vibrasiyani yo'q qilish vazifasini ancha murakkabroq qiladi. Bunday hollarda siz birinchi hizalash, keyin balansirash kerak. (Garchi kuchli torsi muvozanatsizligi bilan, asosning strukturasining "burilishi" tufayli aksial yo'nalishda ham vibrasiya kelib chiqadi).
O'lchash Aniqligini va Xatolar Tahlili
O'lchash aniqligini tushunish professional balansirash operatsiyalari uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Balanset-1A quyidagi o'lchash aniqligini ta'minlaydi:
| Parameter | Aniqlik Formulasi | Misol (tipik qiymatlar uchun) |
|---|---|---|
| RMS Vibrasyon Tezligi | ±(0.1 + 0.1×Vmeasured) mm/sec | 5 mm/sec uchun: ±0.6 mm/sec 10 mm/sec uchun: ±1.1 mm/sec |
| Aylanish chastotasi | ±(1 + 0.005×Nmeasured) rpm | 1000 rpm uchun: ±6 rpm 3000 rpm uchun: ±16 rpm |
| Fazani o'lchash | ±1° | Barcha tezliklarda doimiy aniqlik |
⚠️ To'g'ri muvozantalash uchun kritik
- !Sinov yukimi amplitudada >20-30% o'zgarishga olib kelishi kerak and/or >20-30° faza o'zgarishi
- !Agar o'zgarishlar kichikroq bo'lsa, o'lchash xatolari sezilarli darajada ortadi
- !Tebranish amplitudasi va faza barqarorligi o'lchovlar orasida 10-15% dan ko'p o'zgarishi kerak emas
- !Agar o'zgarish 15% dan ko'p bo'lsa, rezonans shartlari yoki mexanik muammolarini tekshiring
Muvozantalash mexanizmlarining sifatini baholash mezonlari
Rotorni (mexanizmlarni) muvozanatlash sifatini ikki yo'l bilan baholash mumkin. Birinchi usul balanslash jarayonida aniqlangan qoldiq nomutanosiblik qiymatini qoldiq nomutanosiblikka tolerantlik bilan solishtirishni o'z ichiga oladi. Standartda o'rnatilgan rotorlarning turli sinflari uchun belgilangan toleranslar ISO 21940-11 «Mechanical vibration – Rotor balancing – Part 11: Procedures and tolerances for rotors with rigid behaviour» (formerly ISO 1940-1).
Biroq, bu tolerantsiyalarning tatbiq etilishi mexanizmning tebranishining minimal darajasiga erishish bilan bog'liq operatsion ishonchliligini to'liq kafolat bera olmaydi. Bu fakt mexanizmning tebranishi faqat uning rotoridagi qoldiq disbalansi bilan bog'liq kuch miqdori bilan emas, balki bir qator boshqa parametrlarga ham bog'liq ekanligi bilan izohlanadi, jumladan: mexanizmning strukturaviy elementlarining qattiqlik K, uning massa M, söndirilish koeffitsiyenti va tezlik. Shuning uchun mexanizmning dinamik xususiyatlarini baholash uchun (uning muvozantalashining sifatini baholash jumladan) ba'zi hollarda mexanizmning qoldiq tebraniş darajasini baholash tavsiya etiladi, bu bir qator standartlar orqali tartibga solunadi.
Mexanizmlarning ruxsat etilgan tebranish darajasini tartibga soluvchi eng keng tarqalgan standart hisoblanadi ISO 10816-3:2009 Preview Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ.»
Uning yordami bilan siz barcha turdagi mashinalarda ularning elektr haydovchi quvvatini hisobga olgan holda tolerantlikni o'rnatishingiz mumkin.
Ushbu universal standartga qo'shimcha ravishda, muayyan turdagi mexanizmlar uchun ishlab chiqilgan bir qator maxsus standartlar mavjud. Masalan,
- ISO 14694:2003 "Sanoat ventilatorlari - Muvozantalash sifati va tebranish darajalari uchun spetsifikatsiyalar"
- ISO 7919-1-2002 “Vibration of machines without reciprocating motion. Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria. General guidance.»
🛡️ BE talablariga mos keladigan muhim xavfsizlik mulohazalari
- !Risk baholashning talab qilinishi: Muvozantalash amaliyotlaridan oldin EN ISO 12100 risk baholashini o'tkazing
- !Malaka ega kadrlar: Balanslash operatsiyalarini faqat o'qitilgan va sertifikatli xodimlar bajarishi kerak
- !Shaxsiy Himoya Vositalari: EN 166 (ko'z himoyasi) va EN 352 (eshitish himoyasi) bo'yicha tegishli shaxsiy himoya vositalarini har doim ishlating
- !Favqulodda Vaziyatlar Uchun Proseduralar: Favqulodda to'xtash bo'yicha aniq protseduralarni o'rnatish va barcha operatorlar ular bilan tanish ekanligini ta'minlash
- !Documentation: Balanslash operatsiyalarining barchasi uchun batafsil yozuvlarni saqlash, traseabillik va muvofiqlikni ta'minlash
EU Muvofiqlik va Xavfsizlik Ma'lumotlari
Muvofiqlik deklaratsiyasi
Balanset-1A portativ balanser Evropa Ittifoqi direktivalari va standartlariga mos keladi:
| EU Direktiva/Standart | Muvofiqlik Tafsilotlari | Xavfsizlik Talablari |
|---|---|---|
| Mashina Direktivasi 2006/42/EC | Mashinalar va xavfsizlik komponentlari uchun xavfsizlik talablari | Xavf tahlili, xavfsizlik ko'rsatmalari, CE belgisi |
| EMC Direktivasi 2014/30/EU | Elektromagnit moslik talablari | Elektromagnit interferensiyasiga chidamlilik |
| RoHS Direktivasi 2011/65/EU | Xavfli moddalarni cheklash | Qo'rg'on-xoli, sarimdan xoli, kadmiydan xoli komponentlar |
| WEEE Direktivasi 2012/19/EU | Elektr va elektronika jihozlarining chiqindilari | To'g'ri utilizatsiya va qayta ishlash protseduralaları |
| EN ISO 12100:2010 | Mashinalarning xavfsizligi - Dizayn uchun umumiy tamoyillar | Xavf evaluatsiyasi va xavf kamaytirish |
| EN 60825-1:2014 | Laser mahsulotlarining xavfsizligi - 1-qism | 2-sinf laser xavfsizlik talablari |
| EN ISO 14120:2015 | Himoya qopqoqlari - Umumiy talablari | Aylanuvchi mashinalar xavflaridan himoya |
Elektr xavfsizligi standartlari
- ✓EN 61010-1: O'lchash, boshqarish va laboratoriya foydalanish uchun elektr qurilmalarining xavfsizlik talablari
- ✓EN 60950-1: Axborot texnologiyasi qurilmalarining xavfsizligi (USB toʻldiruv qurilmasi)
- ✓IEC 61000 seriyasi: Elektromagnit moslik standartlari
- ✓Ishlash kuchlanishi: 5V DC USB orqali (Juda Past Kuchlanish)
- ✓Quvvat sarfi: < 2.5W
- ✓Himoya sinfi: IP54 (dust-protected; splash-water resistant)
Aylanuvchi Asbob-Uskunalarning Xavfsizligi
⚠️ Majburiy Xavfsizlik Protseduralar (EN ISO 12100)
WARNING: Aylanuvchi mashinalar bilan ishlashda quyidagi xavfsizlik talablarini saqlang:
- !EN ISO 14118: Kutilmagan ishga tushishni oldini olish - Sensor o'rnatishdan oldin qulflanish/tegishli yorliq chiqarilgan holat protseduralaridan foydalanish
- !EN ISO 14120: Barcha aylanuvchi uskunalar to'g'ri himoyalangan ekanligini ta'minlang
- !EN ISO 13857: Aylanuvchi qismlardan xavfsiz masofani saqlang (tanaga 500 mm, barmoqlariga 120 mm)
- !Shaxsiy Himoya Vositalari: EN 166 standartiga mos xavfsizlik ko'zoynagi, EN 352 standartiga mos eshitish himoyasi kiyish va bo'shqich-bo'shqich kiyimdan saqlanish
- !Aylanayotgan mashinada harakat paytida sensorlar yoki sinov og'irliklarini o'rnatmang
- !Sensor o'rnatishdan oldin mashina butunlay to'xtashi va ta'minlash kerak
- !Favqulodda to'xtatish: Operator pozitsiyasidan 3 metr ichida joylashgan bo'lishi kerak
- !Balanslash operatsiyalarini faqat malaka va sertifikatga ega xodimlar bajarishi kerak
Lazer Xavfsizlik Klassifikatsiyasi
🔴 2-Sinf Lazer Qurilmasi (EN 60825-1:2014)
- Wavelength: 650 nm (Qizil ko'rinadigan yorug'lik)
- Maksimal chiqish quvvati: < 1 mW
- Beam diameter: 100 mm masofada 3-5 mm
- Divergence: < 1.5 mrad
- Xavfsizlik klassifikatsiyasi: Ko'z uchun qisqa vaqtli ta'sir uchun xavfsiz (< 0.25 sec)
- Talab qilinadigan yorliqlash: "LAZER RADIATSIYASI - NUR ICHIGA TIGINA QO'YMANG - 2-SINF LAZER MAHSULOTI"
- Access class: Cheklanmagan (umumiy kirish ruxsat etilgan)
Lazer Xavfsizlik Protseduralariga:
- Lazer nurini qasddan ko'zga olma
- Laserni shaxslarga, avtomashinalarga yoki samolyotlarga qaratmang
- Lazer nurini optik asboblar (teleskoplar, binoklyar) bilan ko'rishdan saqlaning
- Yonqin sirtlardan oyna ko'chirmalarining zarardan ogohlik bo'ling
- Laserni foydalanmayotganda o'chiring
- Ko'z ta'sirlaniş hodisalarini darhol xabar qiling
- Uzun vaqtli ta'sir uchun lazer xavfsizlik ko'zoynaklarini ishlating (OD 2+ 650nm da)
O'lchov Aniqligini va Kalibratsiyani Tekshirish
| Parameter | Accuracy | Kalibratsiya Chastotasi |
|---|---|---|
| Tebranish amplitudasi | ±5% of reading | Yillik yoki 1000 soatdan so'ng |
| Fazani o'lchash | ±1° | Annually |
| Rotation speed | ±0.1% o'qilgan qiymatdan | Annually |
| Sensor sezgirliği | 13 mV/(mm/s) ±10% | Sensorlarni almashtirish paytida |
Atrof-muhit Shartlariga Muvofiqlik
- ✓Ishlash muhiti: 5°C to 50°C, < 85% RH kondensatsiyasiz
- ✓Saqlash muhiti: -20°C to 70°C, < 95% RH kondensatsiyasiz
- ✓Altitude: Dengiz sathidan 2000 m gacha balandlikda
- ✓Titrashuv chidamliligi: IEC 60068-2-6 (10-500 Hz, 2g tezlashtirish)
- ✓Zarba chidamliligi: IEC 60068-2-27 (15g, 11ms davomiyligi)
- ✓IP rating: IP54 (dust-protected; splash-water resistant)
Operatsion talablar
- ✓Operatorlar EU standartlariga muvofiq mashinaviy xavfsizlik bo'yicha o'qitilishlari kerak
- ✓Foydalanishdan oldin EN ISO 12100 ga muvofiq risk baholashini o'tkazish talab qilinadi
- ✓Asbob-uskunalarni ishlab chiqaruvchi ko'rsatmalari asosida saqlashni amalga oshiring
- ✓Har qanday xavfsizlik hodisalari yoki asbob-uskunalarning xavflarga uchrashini darhol bildirishga majbur bo'ling
- ✓Barcha balansirosh amallari haqida batafsil qaydlarni izchillik uchun saqlang
Hujjatlash talablari
EU muvofiqligi uchun quyidagi hujjatlarni saqlash zarur:
- ✓EN ISO 12100 ga muvofiq risk baholashiga doir hujjatlar
- ✓Operator tayyorlash qaydnomalarini va sertifikatlarini
- ✓Asbob-uskunalarni kalibrlarish va ta'mirlash jurnallarini
- ✓Balansirosh amallarining qaydlarini sana, operatorlar va natijalarini o'z ichiga oladigan
- ✓Xavfsizlik hodisalarini hisobot va tuzatish chora-tadbirlarini
- ✓Asbob-uskunalarni o'zgartirishga yoki ta'mirlashga doir hujjatlar
Texnik yordam va xizmati
Texnik yordam, kalibrlarish xizmatlari va ehtiyot qismlar uchun:
- ✓Manufacturer: Vibromera
- ✓Location: Narva, Estoniya (EU)
- ✓Website: https://vibromera.eu
- ✓Qoʻllab-quvvatlangan tillar: Barcha asosiy tillar. Matnli aloqa mavjud.
- ✓Xizmat qamrovi: Dunyo boʻylab yetkazib berish mavjud
- ✓Warranty: Xarid qilingan sana bilan hisoblanganda 12 oy
- ✓Kalibrlash xizmati: Vakolatli xizmat markazlari orqali mavjud
