Zana ya Uhandisi Isiyolipisha
Kikokotoo cha Upanuzi wa Joto wa Bomba & Unyumbufu
Calculate thermal expansion, required expansion loop dimensions, and thermal stress for piping systems using the guided-cantilever approximation — a simplified screening method; full flexibility analysis per EN 13480 / ASME B31.3 requires pipe stress software.
Results
Upanuzi wa Joto
Upanuzi wa joto jumla wa mstari wa bomba ni:
- α — coefficient of thermal expansion (µm/m/°C)
- L — urefu wa bomba (m)
- ΔT — mabadiliko ya joto (°C)
Ukokotoaji wa Ukubwa wa Kitanzi cha Upanuzi
Urefu unaohitajika wa mguu wa kitanzi cha upanuzi ili kuchukua upanuzi bila kuzidi msongo unaoruhusiwa:
- E — elastic modulus (MPa)
- D — kipenyo cha nje cha bomba (mm)
- Δ — upanuzi wa joto unaohitaji kuchukuliwa (mm)
- Sa — kiwango cha msongo kinachoruhusiwa (MPa)
This is the guided-cantilever approximation (bending stress σ = 3·E·D·Δ/L² set equal to Sa), assuming one loop leg absorbs the full expansion. It is conservative for screening; it is not a full code flexibility analysis.
Mbinu ya Cantilever iliyoongozwa
Msongo wa joto usio na kizuizi ikiwa bomba limefungwa imara pande zote mbili:
Jedwali la Marejeo la CTE
| Material | α (µm/m/°C) | E (GPa) |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon Steel | 12.0 | 200 |
| SS 304 | 17.3 | 193 |
| SS 316 | 16.0 | 193 |
| Copper | 16.5 | 117 |
| Inconel 625 | 12.8 | 207 |
| Titanium Gr.2 | 8.6 | 105 |
Given: L = 30 m, CS (α = 12.0, E = 200 GPa = 200,000 MPa), ΔT = 180°C, OD = 168.3 mm, Sa = 138 MPa
Δ = 12.0 × 30 × 180 / 1000 = 64.8 mm
Lloop = √(3 × 200,000 × 168.3 × 64.8 / 138) = √(4.74 × 10⁷) ≈ 6,886 mm ≈ 6.9 m
⚠️ Note: Hii ni hesabu rahisi ya cantilever iliyoongozwa. Uchambuzi wa kweli wa unyumbufu wa mfumo wa mabomba unahitaji kuzingatia miunganiko ya matawi, mabadiliko ya mwelekeo kwa pande nyingi, maeneo ya msaada, na unapaswa kufanywa kwa programu ya uchambuzi wa msongo wa mabomba kwa mifumo muhimu.
Vifaa vya kitaalamu vya uchambuzi wa mitetemo na usawazishaji wa rotors mahali pa kazi. Vinatumika katika nchi 50+.
