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Phase angle describes the timing relationship between a vibration signal and a reference (e.g., tachometer pulse). Measured in degrees (0–360°), it indicates where in the rotation cycle the peak vibration occurs.

Use a tachometer (keyphasor) as reference with a vibration sensor. The phase is the angular difference between the tachometer pulse and the 1× vibration peak. Most analyzers compute this automatically.

The vector sum combines two signals into one resultant: add x-components (A·cos φ) and y-components (A·sin φ) separately, then compute resultant amplitude = √(Σx² + Σy²) and phase = atan2(Σy, Σx).

In single-plane balancing, the phase change between the original and trial-weight run indicates the angular correction. The vector difference gives the trial weight's effect, used to calculate the correction weight and angle.

0° = in-phase (synchronous motion, typical of unbalance). 180° = out-of-phase (opposing motion, typical of misalignment or above-critical-speed operation). ~90° phase shift occurs at resonance.