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The overall vibration level is calculated as the root-sum-of-squares (RSS) of individual spectral components: Overall = √(a₁² + a₂² + ... + aₙ²). This applies to RMS amplitudes at each frequency.

Crest factor is the ratio of peak value to RMS value. For a pure sine wave, CF = √2 ≈ 1.414. Higher values indicate impulsive events. Normal machinery: CF = 2–4. CF > 4 may indicate developing bearing faults.

Use RMS amplitudes for overall level calculation. Most analyzers display spectrum as RMS values. If you have peak values, divide by √2 to get RMS before entering them.

Independent frequency components combine as root-sum-of-squares, not arithmetic sum. This reflects their statistical independence — they don't add coherently.

Any consistent unit: mm/s RMS for velocity, g RMS for acceleration, μm for displacement. All input components must use the same unit and type.