Hammer CG Steady Circular-Motion Force Calculator

Implemented general-physics equations

Here m is the entered rotating mass in kilograms, r is its center-of-mass path radius in metres, n is uniform speed in revolutions per minute, ω is radians per second, v is metres per second, a is metres per second squared and F is newtons. These are general uniform-circular-motion equations, not an ISO design formula. NASA gives the centripetal-force magnitude as mω²r and distinguishes the inward force in an inertial frame from the apparent outward centrifugal force in a rotating frame.

Exact conversions and conventional gravity

The calculator uses 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg and 1 in = 0.0254 m exactly. It uses 1 lbf = 4.4482216152605 N, derived from the international pound at conventional standard gravity, and g₀ = 9.80665 m/s². See the NIST Guide for the Use of SI, NIST inch definition and JCGM VIM conventional gravity example.

What F does and does not mean

F is the net inward force required for the entered mass to follow the assumed circular path at constant speed; in a co-rotating frame the centrifugal inertial-force magnitude is equal and outward. A bearing, pin, bolt, disc or support reaction is not automatically equal to this scalar under real machine conditions. Do not sum per-hammer magnitudes to obtain rotor resultant: forces are vectors and can cancel or combine depending on angular position and symmetry.

Why the former pin-sizing advice was removed

The former page called F the load on pins/bolts, supplied a nominal double-shear pin equation, a generic allowable-stress band and a universal safety-factor band. Those values did not establish pin material, heat treatment, fit, shear planes, bearing/bending, stress concentration, preload, fatigue spectrum, wear, impact or failure criteria. The former unit toggle also relabelled existing values without converting them, so 5 kg and 400 mm became 5 lb and 400 in.