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錘頭離心力計算器
計算破碎機與磨機錘頭的離心力。輸入錘頭質量、質心半徑與轉子轉速，即可獲得固定銷與螺栓上的受力。
結果
離心力公式
作用於旋轉錘頭質心之離心力：
- m — 錘頭質量 (kg)
- R — 旋轉中心至錘頭質心之距離 (m)
- ω — 角速度 (rad/s) = 2πn/60
- n — 轉速 (RPM)
受力與重量比
此數值表示離心力相當於錘頭自身重量的倍數。工業用錘式破碎機常見之數值為 500–2000× g。
銷軸尺寸計算（雙剪切）
對於以銷軸雙剪切方式固定的錘頭：
其中 τallow 為允許剪應力（中碳鋼通常為 60–80 MPa，安全係數 3–5）。
實務範例
已知： 錘頭質量 = 5 kg，R = 400 mm，轉速 = 1500 RPM
ω = 2π × 1500 / 60 = 157.08 rad/s
F = 5 × 0.400 × 157.08² = 49,348 N (49.3 kN)
F / (m×g) = 49,348 / (5 × 9.81) = 1,006 × g
R 處之尖端速度：v = ω × R = 157.08 × 0.4 = 62.8 m/s
⚠️ 重要： 此僅為離心力。破碎過程中之衝擊力會增加顯著的動態負荷。在計算銷軸、螺栓與轉盤尺寸時，務必使用足夠的安全係數（3–5）。
Centrifugal force determines the load on hammer retention pins, bolts, and pivot points. It is essential for:
- Sizing fasteners (pins, bolts) for adequate shear and fatigue strength
- Designing rotor discs to withstand distributed loads
- Predicting hammer behavior (swing-out angle for swing hammers)
- Ensuring safe operation — a thrown hammer is a lethal projectile
A 5 kg hammer at 1500 RPM on R=400mm experiences ~49 kN — equivalent to hanging 5 tonnes from the pin.
Higher centrifugal force:
- Keeps swing hammers extended — hammers stay in radial position, maximizing effective diameter and impact energy
- Increases impact force — impact energy is proportional to mv² (tip speed squared)
- Higher pin loads — requires stronger retention hardware
- More disc stress — disc holes experience bearing stress from pins under centrifugal load
For a pin in double shear:
- Required pin area = F / (2 × τallow)
- Pin diameter = √(2F / (π × τallow))
- Use τallow = 60–80 MPa for medium carbon steel
- Apply safety factor 3–5 for dynamic/fatigue loads
Example: F = 49 kN, SF = 4, τallow = 70 MPa → d = √(2 × 49000 × 4 / (π × 70)) = 42 mm pin required.
Unequal hammer masses create unbalance forces that cause:
- Vibration — grows with RPM², leading to bearing failure
- Bearing damage — reduced bearing life by factor of (F/F₀)³
- Structural fatigue — cracking of frame, foundation bolts, and welds
- Poor product quality — uneven grinding, inconsistent particle size
Always weigh and arrange hammers for minimum unbalance.
Common causes of uneven wear:
- Non-uniform feed — material entering one side of the rotor more than the other
- Material variation — different hardness zones in feed material
- Screen condition — worn or damaged screen sections cause uneven discharge
- Breaker plate alignment — misaligned plates deflect material unevenly
- Initial mass differences — even small manufacturing tolerances compound over time
Implement a regular hammer rotation schedule: flip (180°), swap positions, and weigh before reinstalling.
本頁所述的操作流程由 Vibromera 團隊使用 Balanset-1A（一款用於現場轉子平衡的便攜式雙通道動平衡儀及振動分析儀）開發並經過實地測試。
破碎機與錘式破碎機之專業轉子動平衡校正。降低振動並延長軸承壽命。已應用於 50 多個國家。
Nikolai Shelkovenko
Nikolai Shelkovenko是一名振動分析工程師，也是Vibromera的創辦人兼執行長。 15年多來，他一直在現場——而非在試驗台上——為旋轉設備進行動平衡校正：粉碎機、工業風機、破碎機、離心機、軸與主軸。正是這些實際工作催生了Balanset系列儀器——它們被設計為一種專業人員可以隨身攜帶到機器旁、在現場獨立使用的工具，而非實驗室設備。 Vibromera成立於2017年，自2023年起總部設於葡萄牙波爾圖。Balanset系列產品的研發、組裝與支援均在此完成。旗艦產品是Balanset-1A，一款用於單平面及雙平面動平衡校正與振動診斷的可攜式分析儀。 Nikolai親自參與客戶支援工作，處理各種棘手的動平衡校正案例，並參與軟體開發。他以任何語言為全球客戶提供服務。
