Free Engineering Tool
Density / Mass / Volume Calculator
Solve for any one of density, mass, or volume. 30+ material presets, shape-based volume calculator, buoyancy check, and multi-unit output.
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Fundamental Formulas
Shape Volume Formulas
Buoyancy
An object floats if ρ_object < ρ_fluid. The net submerged weight = m×g − ρ_fluid×V×g.
Practical Example
Given: OD=100mm, ID=80mm, Length=500mm, ρ=7850 kg/m³
V = π×(50²−40²)×500 = π×(2500−1600)×500 = 1,413,717 mm³ = 0.001414 m³
m = 7850 × 0.001414 = 11.1 kg = 24.4 lb
Weight in water: F_b = 1000 × 0.001414 × 9.81 = 13.87 N → submerged weight = 95.0 N
Material Density Database
| Material | kg/m³ | g/cm³ | lb/ft³ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Steel | 7,850 | 7.85 | 490 |
| Stainless 304 | 7,930 | 7.93 | 495 |
| Stainless 316 | 8,000 | 8.00 | 499 |
| Cast Iron (Gray) | 7,200 | 7.20 | 449 |
| Aluminum 6061 | 2,700 | 2.70 | 169 |
| Aluminum 7075 | 2,810 | 2.81 | 175 |
| Copper | 8,900 | 8.90 | 556 |
| Brass | 8,500 | 8.50 | 531 |
| Bronze | 8,800 | 8.80 | 549 |
| Titanium | 4,510 | 4.51 | 282 |
| Magnesium | 1,740 | 1.74 | 109 |
| Lead | 11,340 | 11.34 | 708 |
| Nickel | 8,908 | 8.91 | 556 |
| Gold | 19,300 | 19.30 | 1,205 |
| HDPE | 920 | 0.92 | 57 |
| PVC | 1,400 | 1.40 | 87 |
| PTFE (Teflon) | 2,200 | 2.20 | 137 |
| Concrete | 2,500 | 2.50 | 156 |
| Glass | 2,200 | 2.20 | 137 |
| Oak Wood | 600 | 0.60 | 37 |
| Water (20°C) | 1,000 | 1.00 | 62.4 |
| Seawater | 1,025 | 1.025 | 64.0 |
| Diesel Fuel | 870 | 0.87 | 54.3 |
Density (ρ) is mass per unit volume. Common units: kg/m³ (SI), g/cm³ (CGS), lb/ft³ (imperial). Measured by weighing a known volume, or using Archimedes’ principle (water displacement).
1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³. Water at 4°C has ρ = 1000 kg/m³ exactly.
m = ρ × V
Example: Steel block 200×100×50 mm. V = 200×100×50 = 1,000,000 mm³ = 0.001 m³. m = 7850 × 0.001 = 7.85 kg.
Select a shape (cube, cylinder, sphere, cone, hollow cylinder) and enter dimensions in mm. Volume is auto-calculated and converted to m³.
- Cube: V = a × b × h
- Cylinder: V = π × R² × h
- Hollow cylinder: V = π × (R² − r²) × h
- Sphere: V = 4/3 × π × R³
- Cone: V = 1/3 × π × R² × h
Buoyancy force = ρ_fluid × V_object × g. An object floats if ρ_object < ρ_fluid.
Submerged weight = Weight − Buoyancy = (ρ_object − ρ_fluid) × V × g.
Example: 1 L steel in water: Weight = 76.9 N, Buoyancy = 9.81 N, Submerged = 67.1 N.
Specific gravity (SG) = ρ_material / ρ_water. It is dimensionless. SG > 1 means denser than water (sinks). SG < 1 means lighter (floats).
- Steel: SG ≈ 7.85
- Aluminum: SG ≈ 2.70
- Oak wood: SG ≈ 0.60 (floats)
- HDPE: SG ≈ 0.92 (floats)
The procedures described on this page were developed and field-tested by the Vibromera team using the Balanset-1A, a portable dual-channel balancer and vibration analyzer for on-site rotor balancing.
Professional field balancing instruments. Used in 50+ countries.
Nikolai Shelkovenko
Nikolai Shelkovenko is a vibration analysis engineer and the founder and CEO of Vibromera. For more than 15 years he has balanced rotating equipment in the field rather than on a test bench: mulchers, industrial fans, crushers, centrifuges, shafts and spindles. That work is what the Balanset instruments grew out of — they were designed as a tool a specialist can carry to the machine and use alone, on site, not as laboratory equipment. Vibromera was founded in 2017 and has been based in Porto, Portugal, since 2023. Development, assembly and support of the Balanset line all happen here. The flagship instrument is the Balanset-1A, a portable analyser for single- and two-plane balancing and for vibration diagnostics. Nikolai is personally involved in customer support, in working through difficult balancing cases and in the development of the software. He works with customers worldwide, in any language.
