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Fmax should be at least 3.5× the highest bearing defect frequency (BPFO). For rolling element bearings, BPFO ≈ 0.4 × N × RPM/60 where N is the number of rolling elements. This calculator uses the higher of BPFO-based and machine-type-based Fmax recommendations.

Common Fmax values: 1000 Hz for standard machines, 5000 Hz for high-speed, 10000+ Hz for turbines.

FFT lines determine frequency resolution (Δf = Fmax / lines):

• 400 lines — Fast screening, walk-around routes
• 800 lines — Routine monitoring (most common)
• 1600 lines — Detailed analysis, gear mesh
• 3200 lines — High-resolution bearing analysis
• 6400 lines — Maximum resolution for close frequencies

Velocity (mm/s RMS, 10–1000 Hz): Overall machine condition per ISO 10816. Best for 600–60000 RPM machines.

Acceleration (g peak): Bearing defects, gear mesh, high-frequency problems.

Displacement (μm pk-pk): Low-speed machines below 600 RPM.

Envelope: Early bearing defect detection via demodulation of high-frequency resonances.

Minimum: 2 per bearing (Horizontal + Vertical). Recommended: 3 per bearing (H + V + Axial). The axial direction is essential for detecting misalignment, thrust bearing wear, and blade/vane pass issues.

For critical machines, add extra points on gearbox housings or at shaft seals.

Each FFT spectrum stores one float32 (4 bytes) per line. Formula: Storage = Points × Parameters × FFT_Lines × 4 bytes. Example: 12 points × 3 params × 800 lines × 4 = 115,200 bytes ≈ 113 KB per machine.

A full route of 50 machines typically requires 2–10 MB of storage.