Before you balance: make sure unbalance is really the dominant fault. The vibration should be dominated by the 1× (running-speed) component; check that mounting bolts are tight and there is no looseness, rule out shaft misalignment, and verify the machine is not running close to a structural resonance — use the software's 碰撞测试 to find the natural frequencies. Balancing will not cure looseness, misalignment, or a resonance problem.
In the software, open the balancing wizard — F3 - Two-plane （或 F7 - Balancing) — and start on the Run 0 - Initial tab. Start the rotor and bring it to stable operating speed. The instrument measures vibration amplitude (mm/s) and phase angle (°) at both sensors simultaneously. This is the 基线 — 转子在治疗前的"病症"。记录数值并停止机器。
现场提示：转速稳定后至少等待 10-15 秒再进行记录。最初几秒钟内，热瞬变和气流会逐渐消失。
3
在 1 号平面上安装试验配重（运行 1）
停止转子。安装 试验重量 of known mass at an arbitrary angular position in Plane 1. Mark this position clearly — it becomes your 0° reference for angle measurement later. Enter the trial weight Mass, g 和 Radius, mm in the software's Trial weight group — without the mass entered, the program can only report the correction as a percentage of the trial weight. Switch to the Run 1 - Trial Pl.1 tab, restart the rotor and record vibration at both sensors. The instrument now knows how the rotor's vibration field changes when mass is added in Plane 1.
Field tip: Use a bolt with a washer clamped to the rotor rim, or a hose clamp with a nut for quick attachment. The trial weight should produce a measurable vibration change (20–30% amplitude change or 20–30° phase shift at either sensor).
⚖
试验用砝码应该有多重？ 使用经验公式： Mt = Mr × Ksupport × Kvibration / (Rt × (N/100)²) 其中 Mr = rotor mass (g), Ksupport = support stiffness coefficient (0.5–5.0, use 3 for standard pedestals), K振动 = vibration level coefficient (0.5–3.0, use 1.0 for normal vibration of 5–10 mm/s), Rt = 安装半径（厘米），N = 转速。或者使用我们的 在线试用体重计算器 — 输入转子参数，即可立即获得推荐质量。
4
将试验重量移至平面 2（运行 2）
Stop the rotor. Remove the trial weight from Plane 1. Attach the same trial weight (or one of similar known mass) at an arbitrary position in Plane 2. Mark this second reference point. Switch to the Run 2 - Trial Pl.2 tab, restart and record vibration at both sensors. Now the instrument has the complete influence coefficient matrix — four complex coefficients linking unbalance in either plane to vibration at either sensor.
The instrument solves the influence coefficient equations and displays the Correction mass (g) 和 Angle (°) for Plane 1 and Plane 2. The angle is measured from the trial weight position in the direction of rotor rotation. In the Correction method group you choose Add mass (weld or bolt a counterweight) or Remove mass (drill or grind material). The displayed angle is always the angle you actually work at: with Remove mass selected the software has already added 180° to the computed angle, so drill or remove exactly where it indicates — do not add another 180°.
6
安装校正配重块
Remove the trial weight from Plane 2. Fabricate or select correction weights matching the calculated masses. Install each correction weight at the same radius as the trial weight — the calculated mass is valid only at that radius. If you must use a different radius, enter both radii in the software so it recalculates the mass. Measure the angle from the trial weight reference mark in the direction of rotation. Attach the correction weights firmly — welding, hose clamps, set‑screw weights, or bolts depending on the machine type and speed.
Field tip: If you cannot place a weight at the exact angle (e.g. only bolt holes available), use the Weight Installing Method setting — Free positions, Fixed positions, Circular groove, or Drill. With Fixed positions the instrument decomposes the correction vector into two components at the nearest available positions.
7
核对余额（支票运行）
Restart the rotor and record the final vibration. Compare against the initial baseline and against the ISO 21940‑11 tolerance for your machine class — enter the tolerance in the Balancing tolerance, g*mm field, or press the ISO 1940... button to calculate it from the G‑grade, rotor mass, and RPM (divide the g·mm result by the correction radius to get grams). If vibration is within specification, you are done. If not, the instrument can perform a 微调运行 on the Run T - Trim tab — it uses the existing influence coefficients to calculate a small additional correction without new trial weights.
The trial weight must be heavy enough to produce a noticeable vibration change, but light enough not to overload bearings or create a dangerous condition. The standard empirical formula accounts for rotor mass, correction radius, operating speed, support stiffness, and the measured vibration level:
Values shown assume Ksupport = 3 (standard bearing pedestals) and K振动 = 1.0 (normal vibration of 5–10 mm/s); scale accordingly for other support and vibration conditions.
实用技巧：验证响应
The formula gives the minimum trial mass that should produce a measurable response. After the trial run, check that the phase shifted by at least 20–30° and the amplitude changed by 20–30%. If the response is too small, double or triple the trial mass and repeat. At very low RPM (< 500), the formula may yield impractically large values — instead size the trial weight so that its centrifugal force is about 10% of the rotor weight: m = 0.1 × Mr × 9.81 / (ω² × r), with m and Mr in kg, ω in rad/s and r in meters.
校正角度测量
平衡仪每个平面输出两个数值： 质量 （重量）和 角度 （放置位置）。角度始终以试重位置为参考。
Balanset‑1A result screen: the software calculates the correction for each plane and displays it on a polar chart. The blue vector with the green end marker points at the correction weight position; the red rings are the amplitude scale. Here the correction mass is shown in % of the trial weight because the trial mass was not entered — enter Mass, g in the Trial weight group to get grams and residual unbalance in g·mm.
如何测量角度
参考点（0°）： 放置试验砝码的角度位置。在试运行前，请在转子上清晰标记该位置。
测量方向： 始终沿转子旋转方向。
解读角度： the result window shows the Correction mass 和 Angle for each plane. From the trial weight mark, count that many degrees in the rotation direction — that is where the correction weight goes.
如果要切除组织： select Remove mass in the Correction method group — the software adds 180° to the computed angle automatically, so drill or grind exactly at the displayed angle.
将重量分配到固定位置
When the rotor has pre‑drilled holes or fixed mounting positions (e.g. fan blade bolts), you may not be able to place a weight at the exact calculated angle. In the Balanset‑1A software this is handled by the Weight Installing Method setting, which offers four modes: 自由位置, 固定位置, 圆形凹槽， 和 Drill (material removal, with drilling-depth calculation). With Fixed positions you enter the angles of the two nearest available positions, and the software decomposes the single correction vector into two smaller weights at those positions. The combined effect matches the original vector.
Extremely heavy rotors (200–1,000+ kg). Trial weights are large — typically 0.3–3 kg by the formula (a 1,000 kg rotor at 600 RPM needs ≈ 3.3 kg). Low RPM means large permissible unbalance — but impact loads and bearing cost still justify balancing.
Ultra‑high speed demands G 1.0 or tighter tolerance. Material removal by grinding — no welded weights at these speeds. Note the instrument limits: the Balanset‑1A covers 250–90,000 RPM and 5–1,000 Hz, with best sensor accuracy below ~550 Hz — service speeds beyond that range are outside its measurement envelope.
重量附加方法
方法
依恋
最适合
限制
焊接
将钢垫圈或钢片点焊到转子轮辋上
粉碎机、破碎机、重型工业转子
永久性。不使用专用杆，无法用于铝或不锈钢。
螺栓和螺母
螺栓穿过预钻孔，并用锁紧螺母固定
风机叶轮、飞轮、联轴器法兰
需要利用现有孔洞或进行新钻孔。
软管夹
带配重的夹式不锈钢软管夹
现场的轴、滚子、圆柱转子
临时或半永久性。检查夹紧扭矩
螺丝夹
预制夹式配重块（例如轮胎配重块）
风扇叶片、薄轮辋、轻型转子
质量范围有限。高转速时可能打滑。
粘合剂（环氧树脂）
配重粘在表面上
精密转子，洁净环境
需要清洁干燥的表面。温度限制约为120°C
材料去除
将材料从较重的一侧钻除或磨除
涡轮增压器、高速主轴、叶轮
永久且精准，但不可逆。适用于增加体重不安全的情况。
场平衡中的常见错误
#
错误
结果
使固定
1
安装在防护罩或盖板上的传感器
盖子的共振会使振幅和相位读数失真 → 导致校正错误
务必安装在轴承座金属表面上。
2
试用重量太轻
相位和振幅变化在噪声范围内 → 影响系数不可靠
确保至少一个传感器的幅值变化达到 20-30%，或相位变化达到 20-30 度
3
跑步间的速度变化
振动频率随转速²变化，即使是5%转速的变化也会破坏数据。
使用转速表精确跟踪转速。等待转速稳定。
4
Leaving the trial weight on without telling the software
Correction calculation is skewed by the unaccounted trial weight → result is meaningless
Remove the trial weight before installing correction weights — or tick Leave on rotor in the Trial weight group so the software accounts for it
5
混淆了平面 1 和平面 2
校正配重安装位置错误 → 振动加剧
清晰标注传感器和平面。传感器 1 → 平面 1，传感器 2 → 平面 2
6
测量与旋转方向相反的角度
Correction goes 360° − f instead of f → the weight lands mirrored about the reference mark — up to 180° away from the correct position
Trial mass note: with Ksupport = 3 and K振动 = 1 the trial weight formula suggests only ≈ 37 g for this rotor — the formula result is a minimum, and higher Ksupport/K振动 factors call for heavier weights. The 500 g weight used on this job was well above that minimum; the >60% amplitude response confirmed a valid trial, which is the criterion that actually matters.
Typical field balancing setup (illustration): vibration sensors on the machine, Balanset‑1A measuring unit, and a laptop running the balancing software.
根据软件计算出的角度和质量，在平面 1 和平面 2 上安装校正配重。再次运行风扇，并确认振动已降至可接受的水平。 ISO 21940-11 （通常通用风扇为 G 6.3）。如果残余振动仍然高于目标值，则进行一次微调运行。
常见问题
Static balancing corrects unbalance in a single plane — the rotor's centre of gravity is shifted back to the rotation axis. It works for narrow, disc-shaped parts where the length-to-diameter ratio L/D is below about 0.5. Dynamic balancing corrects unbalance in two planes simultaneously, addressing both force and couple unbalance. It is required for any elongated rotor where masses are distributed along the shaft length. A rotor can be statically balanced yet dynamically unbalanced — the couple component is invisible until the rotor spins.
使用公式：Mt = Mr × Ksupport × K振动 / (Rt × (N/100)²), where M is in grams, R in cm, and N in RPM. Ksupport is the support stiffness coefficient (0.5–5.0: 1 = soft, 3 = average, 5 = rigid) and K振动 is the vibration level coefficient (0.5–3.0, 1.0 for normal vibration of 5–10 mm/s). The goal is to produce at least 20–30% amplitude change or 20–30° phase shift. Or skip the maths and use our 在线试用体重计算器. At speeds below 500 RPM the formula becomes impractical — instead size the trial weight so its centrifugal force is about 10% of the rotor weight: m = 0.1 × Mr × 9.81 / (ω² × r), with m and Mr in kg, ω in rad/s and r in meters.
Use single-plane for narrow disc-shaped rotors with L/D below about 0.5 — flywheels, grinding wheels, saw blades. Use two-plane for anything longer: shafts, fan impellers, mulcher rotors, rollers, multi-stage pump assemblies. When in doubt, always choose two-plane — it catches couple unbalance that single-plane misses, and only adds one extra measurement run (about 10 minutes).
ISO 21940-11:2016 是目前刚性转子的标准，它取代了 ISO 1940-1:2003。该标准定义了平衡质量等级，从 G 0.4（陀螺仪）到 G 4000（低速船用柴油机曲轴）。常用等级包括：G 6.3 用于风扇和水泵，G 2.5 用于电动机，G 1.0 用于涡轮增压器转子，G 16 用于农业机械和破碎机。平衡等级乘以角速度即可得到最大允许重心速度（单位为毫米/秒），由此可以计算出校正半径处的允许残余质量。
The instrument calculates the correction angle relative to the trial weight position. Mark where you placed the trial weight — this is your 0° reference. Then measure the indicated angle in the direction of rotor rotation from that reference point. The correction weight goes at the resulting position. If you select Remove mass in the Correction method group, the software adds 180° to the computed angle automatically — drill or grind exactly at the displayed angle. Use a protractor or divide the circumference into marked segments before starting.
RPM range: 250-90,000. Vibration range: 0.2-80 mm/s RMS. Frequency range: 5-1000 Hz. Phase accuracy: ±1°. Weight splitting, trim runs, tolerance checking, and report generation included in the software. Full kit weighs approximately 4 kg.
0 Comments