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Condition monitoring (CM) measures specific parameters of machinery — vibration, temperature, oil condition, current — to identify changes that indicate developing faults. It enables predictive maintenance: repairing equipment based on actual condition rather than fixed time intervals.

ISO 17359 provides guidelines for establishing a CM program: selecting monitoring methods, setting alarm criteria, and determining diagnostic procedures. It is the framework standard that references specific technique standards like ISO 10816 (vibration) and ISO 18434 (thermography).

Vibration analysis (envelope/demodulation) is the primary method. Complementary techniques include shock pulse measurement, acoustic emission, and oil analysis (ferrography). Early detection requires high-frequency measurements above 1 kHz.

Vibration excels at mechanical faults (unbalance, misalignment, bearings, gears). Thermography is best for electrical faults, insulation problems, and thermal anomalies. Most effective CM programs use both.

MCSA analyzes motor supply current to detect rotor bar defects, eccentricity, and load anomalies. It is non-invasive (uses a current clamp) and particularly useful for motors in hazardous or difficult-to-access locations.