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按目标频率选择弹簧
根据给定的质量和目标固有频率，计算所需的弹簧刚度。通过确定所需的弹簧刚度来设计隔振系统。
成果
所需弹簧刚度
给定质量和所需的固有频率，所需的弹簧刚度可由求解固有频率方程得到的 k 值得出：
- m — 被支撑机器的质量（千克）
- f — 目标固有频率（Hz）
- k — 所需总弹簧刚度（N/m）；除以 1000 可得 N/mm。
转速到赫兹的转换
静态挠度和单弹簧刚度
其中： g = 9.81 m/s²，k 的单位为 N/mm，挠度结果的单位为 mm。
实例
已知： 机器质量 = 300 公斤，目标频率 = 4 赫兹，4 个弹簧
ω = 2π × 4 = 25.13 弧度/秒
k = 300 × (25.13)² = 300 × 631.7 = 189,510 N/m = 189.5 牛/毫米
δ_static = 300 × 9.81 / 189 510 × 1000 = 15.5毫米
每根弹簧的 k 值 = 189.5 / 4 = 47.4 牛/毫米
等效转速 = 4 × 60 = 240 转/分
ℹ️ 设计规则： 为了有效隔振，固有频率应至多为最低工作频率的1/3。这样可以确保至少87.5%的隔振效果。
To select springs for vibration isolation, first determine the mass of the machine and the desired natural frequency of the isolation system. The natural frequency should be well below the operating frequency — typically less than 1/3 of the lowest excitation frequency.
Use the formula k = m × (2πf)² to calculate the required total spring stiffness, then divide by the number of springs to get the stiffness per spring. Verify that the static deflection is acceptable and that the springs can support the load.
For effective vibration isolation, the natural frequency should be at most 1/3 of the lowest operating frequency. For example, if a machine runs at 1500 RPM (25 Hz), the isolation system should have a natural frequency below about 8 Hz.
Lower natural frequencies provide better isolation but require softer springs and larger static deflections. Typical isolation systems target 2–8 Hz depending on the application.
The transmissibility of a vibration isolation system depends on the ratio of operating frequency to natural frequency. Isolation only begins when this ratio exceeds √2 ≈ 1.41.
At a ratio of 3 (natural frequency = 1/3 of operating), transmissibility drops to about 12.5%, meaning 87.5% of vibration is isolated. Below √2, the system actually amplifies vibrations, with the worst case at resonance (ratio = 1).
The number of springs depends on the machine size, weight distribution, and mounting configuration:
- 4 springs — most common, one at each corner for rectangular machines
- 3 springs — triangular layouts
- 6+ springs — large machines requiring distributed support
The total required stiffness is divided equally among all springs. Ensure all springs have equal stiffness to prevent tilting.
Static deflection is the amount a spring compresses under the weight of the supported mass due to gravity (δ = mg/k). It matters because:
- It determines how much the machine sinks on the springs
- It is directly related to natural frequency — larger deflection = lower frequency = better isolation
- The spring must have enough travel for static deflection plus dynamic motion
- Excessive deflection can cause stability issues
Typical isolation springs have 5–25 mm of static deflection.
本页所述的操作流程由 Vibromera 团队使用 Balanset-1A（一款用于现场转子平衡的便携式双通道动平衡仪及振动分析仪）开发并经过实地测试。
专业便携式平衡仪、振动分析仪和状态监测系统已在50多个国家/地区使用。设计最佳隔振系统并进行现场性能验证。
Nikolai Shelkovenko
Nikolai Shelkovenko是一名振动分析工程师，也是Vibromera的创始人兼首席执行官。 15年多来，他一直在现场——而非在试验台上——为旋转设备进行平衡：粉碎机、工业风机、破碎机、离心机、轴和主轴。正是这些实际工作催生了Balanset系列仪器——它们被设计为一种专业人员可以随身携带到机器旁、在现场独立使用的工具，而非实验室设备。 Vibromera成立于2017年，自2023年起总部设于葡萄牙波尔图。Balanset系列产品的研发、组装与支持均在此完成。旗舰产品是Balanset-1A，一款用于单平面及双平面平衡和振动诊断的便携式分析仪。 Nikolai亲自参与客户支持工作，处理各种棘手的平衡案例，并参与软件开发。他以任何语言为全球客户提供服务。
