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O 型環尺寸選擇
依據 ISO 3601 為活塞、桿或端面密封應用找到合適的標準 O 型環尺寸。立即獲取溝槽尺寸、壓縮率與伸長率。
結果
ISO 3601 標準截面積
| CS (mm) | AS568 系列 | CS 公差 | 典型內徑範圍 | 溝槽深度(20% sq.) | 溝槽寬度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.78 | -0XX | ±0.08 | 1–25 mm | 1.42 | 2.50 |
| 2.62 | -1XX | ±0.09 | 9–76 mm | 2.10 | 3.60 |
| 3.53 | -2XX | ±0.10 | 15–133 mm | 2.82 | 4.80 |
| 5.33 | -3XX | ±0.13 | 19–267 mm | 4.26 | 7.15 |
| 6.99 | -4XX | ±0.15 | 50–292 mm | 5.59 | 9.40 |
O 型環壓縮率
壓縮率是指 O 型環安裝於溝槽內時,其截徑向的壓縮量。它會產生初始的密封接觸應力。
- 動態密封 (活塞/桿):建議壓縮率 10–20%
- 靜態密封 (端面/法蘭):建議壓縮率 15–30%
溝槽尺寸
溝槽寬度必須允許 O 型環在受壓時向側向膨脹,並容納熱膨脹與溶脹。
伸長與壓縮
對於活塞密封,O 型環需套在活塞上伸長。對於桿密封,則需壓縮裝入孔溝槽中。
- 最大伸長率: 5%(標準彈性體),3%(PTFE、硬質化合物)
- 最大壓縮率: 內徑的 3%
目標: O 型環外徑 ≈ 孔徑 = 50 mm
所需內徑 = 50 − 2 × 3.53 = 42.94 mm
最接近的標準內徑: 42.86 mm → 外徑 = 42.86 + 2 × 3.53 = 49.92 mm
溝槽深度(20% 壓縮率)= 3.53 × 0.80 = 2.82 mm
溝槽寬度 = 3.53 × 1.35 = 4.77 mm
溝槽底部直徑* = 50 − 2 × 2.82 = 44.36 mm
伸長率 = (44.36 − 42.86) / 42.86 × 100 ≈ 3.5% ✓(在 5% 限制內)
*假設活塞外徑 ≈ 孔徑;需從活塞外徑中減去活塞與孔的間隙,以獲得精確的溝槽底部直徑
⚠️ 注意: 務必驗證溝槽填充率(O 型環體積與溝槽體積之比)。O 型環應填充溝槽的 70–85%。填充不足會導致不穩定;填充過滿則會妨礙熱膨脹並導致擠出。
ℹ️ 提示: 當壓力高於 3.5 MPa(靜態)或 7 MPa(動態)時,請在低壓側添加備用環,以防止 O 型環擠入間隙。
Follow these steps:
- Identify application: piston seal, rod seal, or face seal
- Determine diameter: bore diameter (piston) or shaft diameter (rod)
- Choose cross-section: larger CS for higher pressures and larger diameters. CS 3.53 mm is the most common general-purpose size
- Find standard ID: for piston seals, ID = bore − 2×CS. For rod seals, ID ≈ rod diameter. Select nearest standard size from ISO 3601
- Verify squeeze: aim for 15–25% (static) or 10–20% (dynamic)
- Check stretch: should be ≤5% of ID
Squeeze is the percentage compression of the O-ring cross-section in the groove:
Squeeze % = (CS − compressed height) / CS × 100
It creates the initial contact stress needed for sealing. Guidelines:
- 10–20% for dynamic seals (piston/rod) — balances sealing and friction
- 15–30% for static seals (face/flange) — higher squeeze for reliability
- Too little squeeze → leakage, poor seal
- Too much squeeze → excessive friction, heat, spiral failure, short life
Stretch occurs when the O-ring is installed on a groove diameter larger than its free-state ID. Effects:
- Reduces cross-section — the CS becomes thinner as the O-ring stretches, reducing effective squeeze
- Increases stress — higher internal stress accelerates aging
- Max 5% for most elastomers (NBR, FKM)
- Max 3% for hard/brittle materials (PTFE-encapsulated, FFKM)
Conversely, compression (negative stretch, ID larger than groove) can cause the O-ring to buckle or twist in the groove.
Common O-ring materials and their applications:
- NBR (Nitrile) — −40 to +120°C, excellent oil resistance, most common
- FKM/Viton — −20 to +200°C, excellent chemical and heat resistance
- EPDM — −50 to +150°C, water/steam/brake fluid, NOT for oils
- Silicone (VMQ) — −60 to +200°C, food-grade, medical
- FFKM (Kalrez) — −25 to +325°C, universal chemical resistance, expensive
- PTFE — −200 to +260°C, chemically inert, used as encapsulation or backup rings
Backup rings prevent O-ring extrusion into the gap between mating surfaces under pressure. Use backup rings when:
- Static seal: pressure > 3.5 MPa (500 psi)
- Dynamic seal: pressure > 7 MPa (1000 psi) with 70 Shore A O-ring
- Large gaps: diametral clearance > 0.1 mm at low pressure, less at high pressure
Place one backup ring on the low-pressure side. For bi-directional pressure, use two backup rings (one on each side). PTFE is the standard backup ring material.
本頁所述的操作流程由 Vibromera 團隊使用 Balanset-1A(一款用於現場轉子平衡的便攜式雙通道動平衡儀及振動分析儀)開發並經過實地測試。
專業現場動平衡校正儀器與軟體。已在 50 多個國家使用。
Nikolai Shelkovenko
Nikolai Shelkovenko是一名振動分析工程師,也是Vibromera的創辦人兼執行長。 15年多來,他一直在現場——而非在試驗台上——為旋轉設備進行動平衡校正:粉碎機、工業風機、破碎機、離心機、軸與主軸。正是這些實際工作催生了Balanset系列儀器——它們被設計為一種專業人員可以隨身攜帶到機器旁、在現場獨立使用的工具,而非實驗室設備。 Vibromera成立於2017年,自2023年起總部設於葡萄牙波爾圖。Balanset系列產品的研發、組裝與支援均在此完成。旗艦產品是Balanset-1A,一款用於單平面及雙平面動平衡校正與振動診斷的可攜式分析儀。 Nikolai親自參與客戶支援工作,處理各種棘手的動平衡校正案例,並參與軟體開發。他以任何語言為全球客戶提供服務。