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O 型環尺寸選擇

依據 ISO 3601 為活塞、桿或端面密封應用找到合適的標準 O 型環尺寸。立即獲取溝槽尺寸、壓縮率與伸長率。

ISO 3601-1 AS568 CS 1.78 – 6.99 mm
快速預設

結果

建議 O 型環
—
溝槽深度
—
溝槽寬度
—
實際壓縮率
—
伸長 / 壓縮
—
O 型環內徑(標準)
—
O 型環外徑(計算值)
—
內徑公差(ISO 3601)
—

ISO 3601 標準截面積

CS (mm)AS568 系列CS 公差典型內徑範圍溝槽深度(20% sq.)溝槽寬度
1.78-0XX±0.081–25 mm1.422.50
2.62-1XX±0.099–76 mm2.103.60
3.53-2XX±0.1015–133 mm2.824.80
5.33-3XX±0.1319–267 mm4.267.15
6.99-4XX±0.1550–292 mm5.599.40

O 型環壓縮率

壓縮率是指 O 型環安裝於溝槽內時,其截徑向的壓縮量。它會產生初始的密封接觸應力。

  • 動態密封 (活塞/桿):建議壓縮率 10–20%
  • 靜態密封 (端面/法蘭):建議壓縮率 15–30%

溝槽尺寸

溝槽寬度必須允許 O 型環在受壓時向側向膨脹,並容納熱膨脹與溶脹。

伸長與壓縮

對於活塞密封,O 型環需套在活塞上伸長。對於桿密封,則需壓縮裝入孔溝槽中。

  • 最大伸長率: 5%(標準彈性體),3%(PTFE、硬質化合物)
  • 最大壓縮率: 內徑的 3%
Example — Piston Seal, Bore Ø50 mm, CS 3.53 mm

目標: O 型環外徑 ≈ 孔徑 = 50 mm

所需內徑 = 50 − 2 × 3.53 = 42.94 mm

最接近的標準內徑: 42.86 mm → 外徑 = 42.86 + 2 × 3.53 = 49.92 mm

溝槽深度(20% 壓縮率)= 3.53 × 0.80 = 2.82 mm

溝槽寬度 = 3.53 × 1.35 = 4.77 mm

溝槽底部直徑* = 50 − 2 × 2.82 = 44.36 mm

伸長率 = (44.36 − 42.86) / 42.86 × 100 ≈ 3.5% ✓(在 5% 限制內)

*假設活塞外徑 ≈ 孔徑;需從活塞外徑中減去活塞與孔的間隙,以獲得精確的溝槽底部直徑

⚠️ 注意: 務必驗證溝槽填充率(O 型環體積與溝槽體積之比)。O 型環應填充溝槽的 70–85%。填充不足會導致不穩定;填充過滿則會妨礙熱膨脹並導致擠出。

ℹ️ 提示: 當壓力高於 3.5 MPa(靜態)或 7 MPa(動態)時,請在低壓側添加備用環,以防止 O 型環擠入間隙。

Follow these steps:

  1. Identify application: piston seal, rod seal, or face seal
  2. Determine diameter: bore diameter (piston) or shaft diameter (rod)
  3. Choose cross-section: larger CS for higher pressures and larger diameters. CS 3.53 mm is the most common general-purpose size
  4. Find standard ID: for piston seals, ID = bore − 2×CS. For rod seals, ID ≈ rod diameter. Select nearest standard size from ISO 3601
  5. Verify squeeze: aim for 15–25% (static) or 10–20% (dynamic)
  6. Check stretch: should be ≤5% of ID

Squeeze is the percentage compression of the O-ring cross-section in the groove:

Squeeze % = (CS − compressed height) / CS × 100

It creates the initial contact stress needed for sealing. Guidelines:

  • 10–20% for dynamic seals (piston/rod) — balances sealing and friction
  • 15–30% for static seals (face/flange) — higher squeeze for reliability
  • Too little squeeze → leakage, poor seal
  • Too much squeeze → excessive friction, heat, spiral failure, short life

Stretch occurs when the O-ring is installed on a groove diameter larger than its free-state ID. Effects:

  • Reduces cross-section — the CS becomes thinner as the O-ring stretches, reducing effective squeeze
  • Increases stress — higher internal stress accelerates aging
  • Max 5% for most elastomers (NBR, FKM)
  • Max 3% for hard/brittle materials (PTFE-encapsulated, FFKM)

Conversely, compression (negative stretch, ID larger than groove) can cause the O-ring to buckle or twist in the groove.

Common O-ring materials and their applications:

  • NBR (Nitrile) — −40 to +120°C, excellent oil resistance, most common
  • FKM/Viton — −20 to +200°C, excellent chemical and heat resistance
  • EPDM — −50 to +150°C, water/steam/brake fluid, NOT for oils
  • Silicone (VMQ) — −60 to +200°C, food-grade, medical
  • FFKM (Kalrez) — −25 to +325°C, universal chemical resistance, expensive
  • PTFE — −200 to +260°C, chemically inert, used as encapsulation or backup rings

Backup rings prevent O-ring extrusion into the gap between mating surfaces under pressure. Use backup rings when:

  • Static seal: pressure > 3.5 MPa (500 psi)
  • Dynamic seal: pressure > 7 MPa (1000 psi) with 70 Shore A O-ring
  • Large gaps: diametral clearance > 0.1 mm at low pressure, less at high pressure

Place one backup ring on the low-pressure side. For bi-directional pressure, use two backup rings (one on each side). PTFE is the standard backup ring material.

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Nikolai Shelkovenko

Nikolai Shelkovenko

Nikolai Shelkovenko是一名振動分析工程師,也是Vibromera的創辦人兼執行長。 15年多來,他一直在現場——而非在試驗台上——為旋轉設備進行動平衡校正:粉碎機、工業風機、破碎機、離心機、軸與主軸。正是這些實際工作催生了Balanset系列儀器——它們被設計為一種專業人員可以隨身攜帶到機器旁、在現場獨立使用的工具,而非實驗室設備。 Vibromera成立於2017年,自2023年起總部設於葡萄牙波爾圖。Balanset系列產品的研發、組裝與支援均在此完成。旗艦產品是Balanset-1A,一款用於單平面及雙平面動平衡校正與振動診斷的可攜式分析儀。 Nikolai親自參與客戶支援工作,處理各種棘手的動平衡校正案例,並參與軟體開發。他以任何語言為全球客戶提供服務。

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